临江高品位硅藻土的物理化学提纯

采用超声、酸浸和煅烧结合的物理化学法对临江高品位硅藻土进行处理,分析不同的硫酸浓度、酸浸处理方式(水浴、水热)以及煅烧温度对其形貌、比表面积、吸附量及各成分含量的影响,并利用红外光谱仪分析了硅藻土提纯前后谱图的变化,最终确定了最佳酸浸和煅烧提纯条件.其中,水浴酸浸采用28;硫酸处理后500℃煅烧,精硅藻土比表面积值为27.79 m2·g-1,非晶质SiO2含量为93.42;,对罗丹明B吸附量为1.94 mg·g-1;水热酸浸采用28;硫酸处理后500℃煅烧,精硅藻土比表面积值为25.10 m2·g-1,SiO2含量93.52;,对罗丹明B吸附量为1.84 mg·g-1.     

承德某硬质伊利石除铁增白试验研究

以Na2S2O4为还原剂,六偏磷酸钠和EDTA为添加剂,对河北承德某硬质伊利石进行了除铁增白试验研究,考察了Na2S2O4用量、矿浆pH值、反应温度、添加剂用量等因素对除铁增白效果的影响,得出了还原-络合漂白优化工艺条件.硬质伊利石还原-络合漂白优化工艺条件为:矿浆浓度11;,Na2S2O4用量4;,(NaPO3)6用量0.2;,EDTA用量8;,pH =2.5,温度80℃,反应时间20 min.经还原-络合漂白后,硬质伊利石漂白产品中Fe2O3含量由1.14;降至0.70;,白度由79.3;提高至87.0;.     

叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型制备ZTA多孔陶瓷

采用叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型工艺,以丙烯酰胺为单体制备了ZTA多孔陶瓷.优化了固含量、预混液浓度、引发剂用量和固化温度等成型工艺参数.分析了烧结温度和保温时间对多孔陶瓷气孔率及孔径分布的影响.研究发现固含量为10vol;、预混液浓度为15wt;、引发剂用量为20wt;、固化温度为40℃,在1500c℃条件下保温2h烧结得到的ZTA多孔陶瓷气孔率可达59.05;,最可及孔径为0.72 μm,孔径分布在0.40 ～5.00μm的气孔占总气孔的87.22;,压缩强度达到56.09MPa.     

电气石对硅藻土基多孔陶瓷孔结构与孔雀石绿脱色效果的影响

以硅藻土为主要原料,采用固相烧结法和低温煅烧工艺,制备了硅藻土基多孔陶瓷.着重考察了电气石对材料的微观结构、孔径分布等材料孔结构及孔雀石绿溶液脱色能力的影响,通过扫描电镜、压汞仪等手段对不同电气石含量的硅藻土基多孔陶瓷进行了表征.结果表明:当电气石含量为12;时,材料内孔径细小,平均孔径最小177.5 nm,比表面积最大6.83 m2/g;电气石含量由0提高到16;,材料的孔隙率由49.3;降至36.5;,对孔雀石绿溶液的脱色能力逐渐增强.当电气石含量为16;时,反应6 h后,412 nm与618 nm处吸收峰消失.     

循环流化床粉煤灰可控制备高纯F型八面沸石研究

利用粉煤灰制备沸石分子筛是其高值化利用的重要方向之一.以循环流化床粉煤灰为原料,采用酸浸预处理-氢氧化钠碱熔活化-水热晶化法制备F型八面沸石,并用于吸附亚甲基蓝.考察酸浸温度、碱熔温度及碱灰质量比对粉煤灰结构的影响及碱熔温度、碱灰质量比、液固比及晶化时间对沸石的结构和形貌的影响.通过XRD和SEM对粉煤灰沸石的晶体结构和形貌进行表征.结果表明,利用循环流化床粉煤灰制备高纯F型八面沸石适宜条件为碱熔温度550℃,碱灰质量比1.5:1,液固比12 mL/g,晶体导向剂用量10;,晶化温度100℃,晶化时间20 h.其比表面积高达357 m2/g,且对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量高达178 mg/g.     

氨配合法控制合成片状纳米氧化锌

以次氧化锌为原料,采用氨配合法制备片状纳米氧化锌.制备过程包括氨浸、净化、脱氨、煅烧等工序.重点研究了添加剂用量、反应温度、空气流量、锌氨络合溶液浓度对片状纳米氧化锌前驱体形貌的影响,以及煅烧温度和煅烧时间对片状纳米氧化锌产品影响.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产品进行表征.结果表明:在添加剂的加入量为0.5;(质量分数)、反应温度为90 ℃、空气流量为7 L· min-1、锌氨络合溶液浓度为1.13 mol· L-1,煅烧温度为350 ℃,煅烧时间为6 h条件下,制备的产品为片状纳米氧化锌,片层厚度在10 nm左右,产品纯度达99.13;.     

微波酸碱处理微纳米碳化硅粉体杂质去除工艺研究

利用微波消解技术和酸碱化学介质对微纳米碳化硅粉体中Fe2 O3,Si,SiO2去除工艺进行了研究.正交试验结果表明:微波功率4 kW,微波频率2450 MHz时,反应温度90℃,盐酸浓度3 mol·L-1,反应时间10 min,液固比4∶1,Fe2O3去除率达到97.4;;反应温度90℃,氢氧化钠浓度180 g·L-1,反应时间10 min,液固比3∶1,Si的去除率达到97.31;,SiO2达到97.26;;除杂后SiC粉体的纯度达到98.1;;通过碳化硅粉体形貌分析,除杂后SiC粉体表面附着物质明显减少,较除杂前更加光滑.     

高岭土水热合成4A沸石实验研究

水热法合成4A沸石的实验是在不同的碱度、不同的液固比、不同的晶化温度和不同的晶化时间条件下进行的,并进行了实验结果和各种合成因素的分析及研究.实验结果分析表明在加碱煅烧及合成沸石的过程中,使用NaOH的效果比使用Na2CO3和KOH,加入适量的晶种能缩短晶化反应时间并能提高合成沸石的质量.在碱度为2.5～4.0M、液固比6∶1～8∶1、晶化温度90～103℃以及晶化时间为3～5h的实验条件下,采用苏州高岭土合成了4A沸石.文中还采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对合成的沸石样品进行了表征.     

熔盐法合成钛酸锂钾片晶及形貌控制

在碳酸钾、碳酸锂和二氧化钛的混合原料中加入熔盐氯化钾,通过高温煅烧一步制备出钛酸锂钾片晶( K0.8 Li0.27Ti1.73O4, KLTO).通过控制熔盐的添加方式以及煅烧工艺(升温速率、煅烧时间)使材料的形貌朝着二维方向生长,并利用XRD和SEM等手段进行表征.分析发现:过快的升温速率或者较短的煅烧时间都会使材料朝三维方向生长成球状或者块状,反之则会使材料趋向一维方向生长成棒状;同时在煅烧温度达到一定值时再加入熔盐则更有利于片晶的生成.最终得到KLTO片状形貌的最佳控制工艺为:先以300 ℃/h升温至800 ℃后,再加入质量分数为40;的KCl熔盐,接着将升温速率变为200 ℃/h,加热至950 ℃,并在此温度下煅烧3 h.     

溶液燃烧法制备Ba改性的γ-Al2O3及其表征

通过溶液燃烧法,以硝酸铝、硝酸钡为氧化剂,不同的燃烧剂(甘氨酸、柠檬酸、尿素)作为还原剂,制备了钡改性的γ-Al2O3.对产物作XRD、SEM表征并对前驱体作TG-DTA表征,研究了不同燃烧剂、改性剂(硝酸钡)的添加量、煅烧温度、煅烧时间等工艺参数对合成产物相组成和形态的影响.结果表明,合成钡改性的γ-Al2O3的最佳工艺条件为:以甘氨酸为燃烧剂、添加3;的硝酸钡、煅烧温度为1000℃、煅烧时间为4h.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Evolution of the Defect Structure of Zinc-Oxide as a Consequence of Tribophysical Activation

Zinc-oxide powder was tribophysically activated in a high-energy vibro mill in a continual regime in air for 3, 30 and 300 minutes with the purpose of modifying the powders physico-chemical properties. By analyzing of data obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the values of distances between corresponding crystallographic planes, average domain sizes of coherent scattering, i.e. crystallites, width of diffraction lines due to the existence of microstrains, and microstrain values, minimal dislocation densities, dislocation density due to microstrain and real dislocation density, and also average distances between dislocations were determined. The dependence of these values on the activation time was established, which enabled analysis of the evolution of the defect structure of zinc-oxide powders during tribophysical activation by grinding in the described regime.     

Some peculiarities of spectral proprieties of leukocytes

This article presents the results of spectral investigations of white blood human cells including absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence (using low-temperature measurements). For this research, the main optical centres were identified and local distribution of emitting and absorbing centres into white blood human cells was determined. In addition, the spectra of normal and pathological (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-CLL) cells were compared.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.