绵白糖碳源反应烧结凝胶注模成型SiCw/B4C陶瓷组织与性能的研究

凝胶注模作为一种新型成型技术,具有成本低和净尺寸成型的优点.本文通过凝胶注模成型工艺制备SiCw/B4C复合陶瓷素坯.采用绵白糖作为碳源制备低粘度的陶瓷浆料,并加入不同质量分数的SiCw,通过反应烧结制备SiCw/B4C复合陶瓷材料.对所制备的陶瓷材料的显微组织和力学性能进行研究.结果 表明:绵白糖的加入降低了陶瓷浆料粘度并提高素坯抗弯强度,但是过量的绵白糖会对素坯结构造成破坏.SiCw加入有助于复合陶瓷材料力学性能的提高;当SiCw含量为12wt;时,B4C陶瓷材料抗弯强度为201 MPa,相比未加入SiCw的B4C陶瓷材料提高了24;.     

叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型制备ZTA多孔陶瓷

采用叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型工艺,以丙烯酰胺为单体制备了ZTA多孔陶瓷.优化了固含量、预混液浓度、引发剂用量和固化温度等成型工艺参数.分析了烧结温度和保温时间对多孔陶瓷气孔率及孔径分布的影响.研究发现固含量为10vol;、预混液浓度为15wt;、引发剂用量为20wt;、固化温度为40℃,在1500c℃条件下保温2h烧结得到的ZTA多孔陶瓷气孔率可达59.05;,最可及孔径为0.72 μm,孔径分布在0.40 ～5.00μm的气孔占总气孔的87.22;,压缩强度达到56.09MPa.     

莰烯为溶剂制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷的研究

以α-氮化硅粉为原料,坎烯为溶剂,氧化钇和氧化铝为烧结助剂,室温下利用冷冻注模法制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了固相含量(坎烯含量)、干燥方式及粘结剂对生坯性能的影响,以及对烧结制备出的氮化硅孔隙率、力学性能和微观结构的影响.研究结果表明:固相含量过低会导致升华后坯体强度过低而坍塌,过高则无法获得多孔结构.坯体置于真空环境下干燥能有效加快其升华速度,避免坯体开裂.选用聚苯乙烯(PS)作为粘结剂制备的生坯效果较好.通过烧结制备试样的主晶相为β-Si3 N4相,以莰烯为溶剂获得的氮化硅陶瓷展现出了内部联通的多孔结构,而且是树枝状的坎烯"手臂".烧成后试样的线收缩率随着固相含量的增加而减小,当固相含量由10vol;升高到25vol;时,试样的开气孔率由82.13;降低到62.09;,而密度却由0.5698 g/cm3升高到1.2603 g/cm3,相应的三点弯曲强度由3.933 MPa增加到14.421 MPa,硬度由393.5 kg·mm-2上升至1288.3 kg·mm-2.     

发泡法制备羟基磷灰石晶须蜂窝支架材料的研究

采用羟基磷灰石晶须为原料,以月桂酸钾作为发泡剂,羧甲基纤维素作为泡沫稳定剂,通过搅拌发泡得到陶瓷泡沫体,挤压成型及冷冻干燥处理得到陶瓷坯体,再经烧结成功制备了羟基磷灰石晶须多孔陶瓷材料.通过XRD、SEM等对烧结后的多孔陶瓷材料的成分、形貌等进行了表征,并测试了其力学性能.结果表明:750℃煅烧4h的样品为具有400 μm左右的蜂窝直通孔和140 μm的侧壁孔的蜂窝多孔陶瓷材料.采用发泡法可以成功制备出羟基磷灰石晶须多孔骨组织工程支架;且羟基磷灰石晶须多孔支架的主要成分为羟基磷灰石和二氧化硅.     

凝胶注模成型Al2O3陶瓷的显微结构及力学性能研究

以Al2O3粉为原料,TiO2+MgO为烧结助剂,琼脂糖为单体,聚丙烯酸铵为分散剂,利用凝胶注模及无压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3陶瓷.研究了琼脂糖固化机制、烧结助剂作用机理以及琼脂糖含量对Al2O3陶瓷坯体及烧结体的显微结构及力学性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,琼脂糖利用内部氢键的结合,形成三维网络状结构,将Al2O3粉原位凝固成型.TiO2+MgO烧结助剂使材料实现了液相烧结机制,有利于降低材料的烧结温度及促进致密化进程.随着琼脂糖含量增加,坯体的致密度、坯体及烧结体的抗弯强度均呈先增大后减小趋势.当琼脂糖含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的抗弯强度达到最大值.     

高性能氮化硅陶瓷凝胶注模成型的研究

凝胶注模成型工艺的关键在于制备低粘度高固相体积含量的陶瓷浆料.本文以四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)溶液为分散剂制备氮化硅陶瓷浆料,研究了pH值、分散剂含量、助烧剂含量以及固相体积含量对氮化硅浆料流变性的影响;测定了凝胶注模成型素坯以及烧结体的力学性能.研究结果表明:当pH＝10.5,分散剂加入量为6;(相对于氮化硅固相体积比),助烧剂加入量为10;(质量分数)时,浆料具有最好的流变性.根据以上制备的工艺参数,制备得到固相体积含量大于50;,具有良好流变性的浆料.铸模成型干燥后,素坯的抗弯强度达27MPa;常压烧结后氮化硅陶瓷具有优异的力学性能,其抗弯强度为730 MPa,断裂韧性高达8.8 MPa·m1/2.     

95氧化铝瓷凝胶注模浆料的制备及氧阻聚的抑制

本文研究95氧化铝瓷凝胶注模成型中浆料的流变性.分析了pH值、分散剂用量、球磨时间对浆料粘度的影响.采用L_9(3~4)正交试验,制备出固相含量为58 vol;,粘度为110 mPa · s的95氧化铝瓷浆料.针对表面氧阻聚,本文通过表面改性的方法,既不增加坯体内有机物的含量,也不降低坯体的强度,使坯体表面不起皮、不剥落.结果显示:通过坯体性能参数和显微结构的比较,凝胶注模的95氧化铝瓷坯体性能均优于热压铸成型的坯体性能.     

发泡剂含量对YAG多孔陶瓷的性能影响研究

采用共沉淀法合成YAG粉体,经过配料、干压成型和真空烧结制备YAG多孔陶瓷材料,并研究发泡剂含量对YAG多孔陶瓷的性能影响.结果表明:YAG多孔陶瓷随着发泡剂含量逐渐增多,其气孔率逐渐增高,抗压强度逐渐降低.烧结温度升高,气孔率下降,抗压强度升高.保温时间延长,气孔率降低,抗压强度升高,但是YAG多孔陶瓷的性能对于烧结温度和保温时间而言,烧结温度相对更为敏感.综合整个烧结工艺及性价比,YAG多孔陶瓷发泡剂含量为15wt;并在1550℃烧结保温lh较为适宜.     

液相浸渗法制备复杂形状蓝色氧化锆陶瓷

选用含有蓝色着色离子(Co2+和Al3+)的溶液对水萃取脱脂后具有孔隙结构的注射成型陶瓷素坯进行浸渗,然后经高温烧结制备出结构完好的蓝色氧化锆陶瓷.实验表明,当浸渗温度为25℃时浸渗速率非常缓慢,随着浸渗温度的升高浸渗速率也随之加快,但到60℃时,坯体因浸渗速率过快会导致坯体肿胀、开裂等缺陷,所以最适宜的浸渗温度为40℃.不同烧结温度制备的蓝色氧化锆陶瓷样品的XRD图谱分析以及扫描电子显微镜观察表明,在1450℃时烧结出的蓝色氧化锆样品结构致密、颜色均匀.与常规的机械混合法比较,液相浸渗法制备出的样品中着色相均匀分布,而机械混合法制备出陶瓷样品中的着色相分布出现明显的分界.     

振动辅助的SiC制品高固相凝胶注模成型研究

采用琼脂糖体系,利用振动辅助凝胶注模的工艺方法制备了含毫米级颗粒的碳化硅/硅陶瓷坯体,研究了两种分散剂(三聚磷酸钠和β-萘磺酸甲醛缩聚物)含量和固相含量对浆料流变性能的影响.测试了脱脂后坯体的强度、体积密度和气孔率.结果表明:采用振动注模的工艺操作,浆料粘度在60000 mPa· s以下时,均可以成功注模,固相含量最高可达到67;.三聚磷酸钠与β-萘磺酸甲醛缩聚物的加入量分别为1.5;和2;时,浆料的粘度最小,分别为13558 mPa· s和12625 mPa· s,流动性最好,β-萘磺酸甲醛缩聚物的分散性能优于三聚磷酸钠.振动辅助凝胶注模工艺与毫米级颗粒的加入可以提高琼脂糖凝胶体系制品的强度.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Evolution of the Defect Structure of Zinc-Oxide as a Consequence of Tribophysical Activation

Zinc-oxide powder was tribophysically activated in a high-energy vibro mill in a continual regime in air for 3, 30 and 300 minutes with the purpose of modifying the powders physico-chemical properties. By analyzing of data obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the values of distances between corresponding crystallographic planes, average domain sizes of coherent scattering, i.e. crystallites, width of diffraction lines due to the existence of microstrains, and microstrain values, minimal dislocation densities, dislocation density due to microstrain and real dislocation density, and also average distances between dislocations were determined. The dependence of these values on the activation time was established, which enabled analysis of the evolution of the defect structure of zinc-oxide powders during tribophysical activation by grinding in the described regime.     

Some peculiarities of spectral proprieties of leukocytes

This article presents the results of spectral investigations of white blood human cells including absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence (using low-temperature measurements). For this research, the main optical centres were identified and local distribution of emitting and absorbing centres into white blood human cells was determined. In addition, the spectra of normal and pathological (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-CLL) cells were compared.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.