新型靛红腙类合成大麻素质谱裂解规律研究

研究了新型靛红腙类合成大麻素在电子轰击(EI)和电喷雾(ESI)电离模式下的质谱裂解规律,并建立了可疑物中该类合成大麻素的鉴定方法。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用(LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS)技术,对5种新型靛红腙类合成大麻素(MDA-19 (BZO-HEXOXIZID),5C-MDA-19 (Pentyl MDA-19,BZO-POXIZID),CHM-MDA-19 (BZO-CHMOXIZID),4en-pentyl MDA-19(BZO-4en-POXIZID),5F-MDA-19 (5F-BZO-POXIZID))的主要碎片离子和碎裂过程进行分析,并对获得的质谱图进行解析,推测该类合成大麻素的EI-MS及ESI-MSⁿ碎裂规律。EI-MS可获得比ESI-MSⁿ更多的碎片离子用于该类合成大麻素的结构推断。碎片离子6,7和8对应的质荷比(m/z)118 (C₈H₈N⁺),132(C₈H₆NO<...     

吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素检验方法研究进展

合成大麻素作为滥用最广泛、种类最多的新精神活性物质之一,严重影响人类身心健康和社会稳定,当前滥用较为严重,常出现在国内外各类案件的侦办中,是世界范围内关于新精神活性物质案件的一个研究焦点,建立合成大麻素的检验方法对侦破相关案件具有重要意义。近几年出现的吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素被称为第八代合成大麻素,其涉案频繁但研究相对较少。本文介绍吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的结构、分类、毒性,并对其代谢和检验研究现状进行了综述,同时介绍了检测吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的探索思路,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定"电子烟油"中9种吲唑类新型合成大麻素

针对“电子烟油”中的吲唑类新型合成大麻素物质,建立了气相色谱－质谱联用（GC－MS）分析方法。以地西泮为内标物,待测样本经甲醇提取后,采用HP－5MS色谱柱（30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm）,设置起始温度200 ℃（保持1 min）,以20 ℃/min升至260 ℃（保持1 min）,再以5 ℃/min升至300 ℃（保持10 min）的程序升温条件对9种吲唑类合成大麻素同时进行定性和内标法定量检测,并对目标物的质谱碎片碎裂方式进行解析。结果表明,9种目标物质在20 min内得到有效分离,并在1.0～100.0 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）均大于0.997,检出限和定量下限分别为0.04～0.25 μg/mL和0.15 ~ 0.85 μg/mL;加标回收率为95.1%～104%,日内相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于4.6%,日间RSD均小于8.4%。该方法快速、准确,灵敏度高,适用于实际案件检验。     

两种氨基酸中[MH-CO_2H_2]~ 的特征质谱碎裂

运用低能碰撞诱导解离（CID）研究了电子轰击（EI）、快原子轰击（FAB）电离条件下质子化亮氨酸与异亮氨酸解高产生亚稳离子［MH－CO2H2］＋的单分子质谱碎裂，二种异构体呈现出了各自不同的解离特征，根据CID的特征碎片离子和氘代同位素标记实验，提出了其碎裂过程存在离子／中性（碎片）复合物中间体碎裂机理，并对有关的特征离子的形成进行了讨论．     

合成大麻素类毒品情报分析：掺杂成分的监测

合成大麻素毒品蔓延趋势严峻,缴获毒品中的掺杂成分既包括生产过程中引入的掺杂物（如前驱体、中间体以及溶剂等）,又包括流通过程中引入的掺杂物（如稀释剂、食品添加剂等）。掺杂成分能体现出特异性的制贩毒路径,可以精细刻画作案手法。本文针对2021年收到的16份疑似合成大麻素类毒品样品,基于其中2种主要毒品成分MDMB-4en-PINACA和ADB-BUTINACA,进行掺杂成分的预判。使用气相色谱-质谱联用法,根据总离子流图确定9种掺杂成分,基于吲唑酰鎓离子（MW=145）确定17种掺杂成分;通过系统分析16份毒品样品的掺杂物,总结出一系列合成大麻素类毒品情报,为相关禁毒工作提供技术支撑。     

芦丁的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

研究了芦丁在电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-MS)下的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。应用电喷雾离子阱质谱技术研究芦丁的结构和正、负离子扫描条件下芦丁的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。芦丁在正、负离子模式下均可得到较好的质谱信息,在正离子模式下,容易与Na+形成[M+Na]+的准分子离子,并裂解形成碎片m/z 605,487,331,325,313,185等,在负离子模式下,形成[M-H]-的准分子离子,并进一步碎裂形成碎片m/z 301,283,257,255,229,227,211等。分别阐明了芦丁在正、负离子模式下的电喷雾质谱碎裂规律,并对主要特征碎片离子进行归属,为进一步芦丁的结构优化和修饰提供了有价值的依据。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定电子烟油中的5种吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素北大核心CSCD

合成大麻素是目前世界上滥用最多的新精神活性物质之一,其结构多变,更新迅速,目前已发展至新型第八代吲哚/吲唑酰胺类。近年来与吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素相关的案件逐渐增多,在实际案件中对缴获物中合成大麻素的定量分析需求随之增多,但相应的检验鉴定技术仍处于发展阶段。本研究针对电子烟油中5种常见的吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素,建立了超高效液相色谱法对其同时进行定量分析测定。实验对流动相的种类、洗脱梯度、柱温、检测波长等色谱条件进行了优化,再结合外标法定量,实现了对5种合成大麻素的定量分析。样品用甲醇提取,在Waters ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱上进行分离,柱温35℃,流速0.3 mL/min,进样量1μL,乙腈和超纯水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为290 nm和302 nm。结果表明,采用该方法,5种合成大麻素可在10 min内完全分离,在1~100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r^(2))均可以达到0.9999,检出限为0.2 mg/L,定量限为0.6 mg/L,满足实际样品分析需求。采用1、10、100 mg/L 3个水平的5种合成大麻素混合标准溶液进行精密度试验,日内精密度(n=6)均小于1.5%,日间精密度(n=6)均小于2.2%。以空白电子烟油为基质样品,在2、10、50 mg/L 3个加标水平下进行加标回收试验,各待测物的平均加标回收率为95.5%~101.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.2%~1.5%,准确度为-4.5%~1.9%。本方法具有准确、快速、灵敏、分离效果好等优点,适用于电子烟油中5种吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的定量测定,可满足相关鉴定工作的要求,也可为具有相似结构的合成大麻素的液相色谱定量分析提供参考。     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定新型“香料”毒品中的10种合成大麻素

为测定新型"香料"毒品中常见的合成大麻素成分,研究开发了高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用分析方法。采用安捷伦Poroshell 120 EC-C18(3.0 mm×50 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱,以高纯水-甲醇作流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流速0.3 m L/min。采用电喷雾电离-正离子(ESI+)、负离子(ESI-)分段检测模式,并对合成大麻素的质谱特征和离子碎裂规律进行研究。结果表明,采用该方法可以实现对常见10种合成大麻素的定性和定量分析,正、负离子模式下检测的目标物分别在1~100,10~1 000 ng/m L范围内呈良好线性,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于3.2%,日间RSD均不大于6.3%。经加标回收率测定和实际样本检验,该方法快速、准确、灵敏、可靠,适用于新型"香料"毒品中常见合成大麻素成分的定性定量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法非靶向筛查苹果中苯脲类农药

建立了超高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS）非靶向筛查苹果中苯脲类农药的方法。样品采用QuEChERS法提取净化,Acquity BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行检测。将13种苯脲类除草剂和9种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂按化学结构分为4类。首先通过对4类22种典型苯脲类农药标准品的准分子离子和二级质谱碎片进行分析,总结苯脲类农药的质谱裂解规律如下：绿麦隆等9种苯脲类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 72.044 59,可通过特征丢失中性分子二甲胺（m/z 45.058 03）产生特征离子碎片;绿谷隆等4种苯脲类除草剂可通过特征丢失中性分子甲醇［CH3OH］或卤化氢［HR1］（R=Cl,Br,F）产生离子碎片;除虫脲等7种含氟苯甲酰脲杀虫剂的主要特征离子碎片为 m/z 158.040 47、141.015 00,也可发生特征中性丢失2,6-氟苯甲酰胺结构［C8H3F2O2NH2］（m/z 183.013 21）;杀铃脲等2种含氯苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 156.020 25、138.993 76、113.015 28。利用该方法对北京12份市售苹果进行非靶向筛查,在1份样品中筛查出绿麦隆。该方法可为快速筛查农产品中相似结构特征的苯脲类化合物提供参考。     

N—环已基吡嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了（2H）－2－环已基－3，4二氢吡咯并[1,2-α]吡嗪－1－酮及其7个苯甲酰基衍生物和3个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱（EI－MS）中的主要裂解方式和特征，指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构，这10个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自麦氏重排和异构化后的α－裂解，由其裂解产生的m/z120和m/z163离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子；吡嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物基峰为M－82，苯乙酰基类衍生物基峰为m/z245。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.