高功率光子晶体光纤激光器温度分布研究

对高功率光子晶体光纤激光器温度分布问题进行了理论研究.在分析光纤热产生机理和结构的基础上,建立了双包层光子晶体光纤激光器稳态切面温度分布简单模型,数值模拟了光纤径向的温度分布、纤芯温度和纤芯-表面温差与纤芯热负载的关系,研究了光纤结构对温度分布的影响;并就激光器光纤泵浦端面的冷却方案进行讨论,数值模拟了外界对流系数不同时纤芯温度的大小.结果表明：对高功率光子晶体光纤激光器采用风冷和水冷的方法可以降低热效应的影响.     

纳米银修饰的微结构聚合物光纤作为化学-光学传感材料的初步研究

通过调节在微结构聚合物纤维(Microtubes Polymer Opeical Fibers,MPOF)孔道中进行的动态化学反应——银镜反应的条件,可以得到管状或岛状纳米Ag修饰的MPOF.扫描电镜分析显示：在高反应物浓度下,在孔洞阵列中进行反应得到管状银修饰的MPOF;该Ag微管-MPOF复合纤维是导电性的,可以直接作为阵列电极制造电化学传感器.研究结果显示,MPOF复合纤维对治癌物质硝酸根或亚硝酸根有高的可逆氧化还原活性;在低反应物浓度下,在孔洞阵列中进行反应得到岛状银修饰MPOF;当把岛状银修饰MPOF插入有机荧光物质的水溶液中时,观察到荧光有明显的增强效应.     

太赫兹聚合物光子晶体光纤关键制备工艺研究

针对太赫兹聚合物光子晶体光纤的应用需求,对聚合物光纤的制备材料、预制棒制备、拉伸工艺等关键制备工艺进行了研究.分析了聚合物材料的特性,并进行实验验证,结果表明ZEONEX材料的吸收系数低于3cm~(-1),吸水性低于0.01%,玻璃化转变温度和分解温度分别高达136℃和420℃,在太赫兹光纤制备中具有优良性能.预制棒制备和光纤拉伸的工艺方面,在注塑法的基础上改进了模具系统,使用可控的微压拉丝技术,在10200Pa范围内可实现±1.5Pa的微压差精确控制,较大程度上提高了光纤预制棒的成品率和光纤的形变控制,有望制备出高空气填充率的聚合物光子晶体光纤.     

光子晶体光纤及在光纤光栅中的应用

从光子晶体光纤(PCF)与普通光纤在光纤结构上的差异出发，简要分析PCF的导光原理与单模特性，并探讨基于PCF的光纤光栅的稳定性，基于聚合物填充多孔光纤的长周期光纤光栅的温度调谐性能，以及纯结构性非光敏纤芯长周期光子晶体光纤光栅的原理。从一个方面说明了光子晶体光纤的潜在应用。     

基于光子晶体光纤的百瓦量级超连续谱光源研究

采用脉冲重复频率可调的高功率皮秒脉冲光纤激 光抽运光子晶体光纤产生了平均输出功率为101 W的全 光纤化超连续谱. 通过一系列的对比实验, 详细研究了抽运激光的脉冲重复频率以及光子晶体光纤的长度对超连续谱产生的影响. 最后, 对如何实现更高平均功率的超连续谱输出进行相关的分析和讨论. 相关研究结果可以为进一步发展基于光子晶体光纤的高功率超连续谱光源提供一定的参考. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 非线性光纤光学 超连续谱产生     

一种新型光子晶体光纤的布里渊动态光栅传感

为了提高光纤横向压强传感器传感系数,降低温度对压强传感的影响,提出一种具有"三明治"结构的光子晶体光纤,并利用有限元法对其布里渊动态光栅传感特性进行数值模拟。研究了不同压强和温度条件下光子晶体光纤双折射频移的变化,分析了光子晶体光纤结构对其传感特性的影响,结果表明:设计的光子晶体光纤具有高传感精度,0～40℃下光子晶体光纤慢轴方向上双折射频移的压强传感系数约为692 MHz/MPa,光纤快轴方向上压强传感系数约为-404 MHz/MPa, 0～40 MPa下温度系数仅为0.18 MHz/℃;与利用普通保偏光子晶体光纤设计的传感系数为199 MHz/MPa的压强传感系统相比,灵敏度提高了493 MHz/MPa。设计的光子晶体光纤提高了横向压强传感器传感系数且不易受温度的影响,适用于高精度静水压强传感领域。     

基于Sagnac干涉仪的保偏光子晶体光纤氢气传感器

提出了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的保偏光子晶体光纤(PM-PCF)氢气传感器,建立了传感模型并进行了实验研究和验证。采用对靶磁控溅射技术将钯银(Pd/Ag)合金快速均匀地沉积在保偏光子晶体光纤侧面,并利用Pd吸收氢气后的形变调制保偏光子晶体光纤的双折射,通过测量Sagnac干涉仪输出光谱峰值的变化实现氢气浓度的测量。实验结果表明该传感器可检测的氢气浓度范围为0%~4%,且具有良好的重复性。室温下对低浓度氢气具有较高的灵敏度,氢气浓度由0%变化到1%时的波长偏移量达1.307nm。采用双折射温度不敏感的保偏光子晶体光纤,可很好地抑制外界温度变化对传感器的干扰。     

双包层光子晶体光纤激光器散热能力的理论研究

通过比较在相同发热功率和散热条件下双包层光子晶体光纤和传统双包层光纤的温度分布,考察了双包层光子晶体光纤的散热能力.数值研究结果表明：双包层光子晶体光纤的散热能力要弱于后者;但从总体来看,传统双包层光纤和光子晶体光纤的热性能对激光器的激光性能的影响是近乎相同的.     

高保偏聚合物光子晶体光纤的化学制备技术研究

研究了大尺寸高保偏聚合物光子晶体光纤（polymer Photonic Crystal Fibers,pPCFs）预制棒的化学原位制备技术.采用预聚物浇铸后加热聚合方法,成功制备了具有高保偏性能的光纤预制棒, 给出了聚合反应的最佳条件.对此预制棒进行二次拉伸及光学和化学性质的测试表明,该方法得到的预制棒力学结构稳定、光学透明度高,且拉伸所得光纤微结构保持完好、微孔坍塌率低、非固有损耗小.若在聚合反应体系中加入适量的激光染料或其它稀土有机螯合物等物质,可得到具有荧光性的高保偏聚合物光子晶体光纤预制棒,为保偏型聚合物光子晶体光纤激光器的研制提供新材料.     

近红外低损耗AgI/Ag空芯光纤的制作EI北大核心CSCD

内面镀有碘化银和银(AgI/Ag)的空芯光纤在中红外波段已有较成熟的制备工艺并得到广泛应用。由于AgI膜厚和表面粗糙度的控制存在较大难度,近红外低损耗的AgI/Ag空芯光纤尚未见报道。通过一系列工艺改进,包括以酒精作为碘的溶剂,在低温中对银膜进行碘化,并采用真空泵提高并稳定碘溶液流速,制备了碘化银膜厚为70nm的AgI/Ag空芯光纤。实现了AgI/Ag空芯光纤在近红外区域的低损耗传输。采用发光波长为1.064μ闾m的二极管抽运固体激光器系统测得长度为1m、内径为0.7mm的AgI/Ag空芯光纤损耗约为1.15dB/m。进一步研究了碘溶液浓度、温度等参数对碘化银膜镀膜工艺的影响,并评价了多种内径AgI/Ag空芯光纤在近红外波段的传输特性和弯曲损耗特性。     

丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的ICP-MS/MS分析

基于电感耦合等离子体串联质谱（ICP-MS/MS）建立了准确测定丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的分析方法,提出了利用混合反应气消除质谱干扰的新策略。丙二醇甲醚经超纯水稀释后直接采用ICP-MS/MS测定其中具有挑战性的超痕量金属元素Mg,Al,K,Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu和Zn,在MS/MS模式下,选择混合气NH₃/He/H₂为反应气,Ti+,Cr+,Fe+,Ni+,Cu+,Zn+与NH₃发生质量转移反应,在形成的团簇离子中,Ti(NH₃)+₆,Cr(NH₃)+₂,Fe(NH₃)+₂,Ni(NH₃)+₃,Cu(NH₃)+₂和Zn(NH₃)+丰度高且无干扰,利用NH₃质量转移法将Ti+,Cr+,Fe+,Ni+,Cu+和Zn+转移为相应的团簇离子进行测定;H₂能与加合物-NH和-NH₂反应生成-NH₃,增大碰撞/反应池（CRC）内-NH₃的浓度,有利于提高Ti,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu和Zn的分析灵敏度。Mg+,Al+,K+和V+几乎不能与NH₃反应,而干扰离子能与NH₃反应形成团簇离子,可以利用NH₃原位质量法进行Mg,Al,K,V的测定;H₂能快速与Ar基干扰离子发生反应,而与其他离子的反应速度很慢,反应气中加入H₂能迅速彻底消除Ar基干扰离子所形成的质谱干扰,有利于Mg,Al,K和V的测定。优选Sc+与NH₃反应生成的团簇离子Sc(NH₃)+₅为Ti(NH₃)+₆,Cr(NH₃)+₂,Fe(NH₃)+₂,Ni(NH₃)+₃,Cu(NH₃)+₂和Zn(NH₃)+的内标离子,Be+与NH₃反应生成的团簇离子Be(NH₃)+₄为Mg+,Al+,K+和V+内标离子,校正了样品溶液,标准溶液和空白溶液之间由于物理化学性质差异产生的基体效应,确保了分析信号的稳定。将所建立的方法应用实际样品的加标回收实验,并采用双聚焦扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱（SF-ICP-MS）进行对比分析,评价分析方法的准确性。结果表明,各元素的检出限为0.52～61.5 ng·L-1,加标回收率为95.6%～104.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤4.5%;在95%的置信度水平,所有元素的分析结果与SF-ICP-MS的测定结果无显著性差异,验证了分析方法的准确性好,精密度高。将方法应用于丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的测定,具有分析速度快,无干扰,灵敏度高的优势。     

Modal characteristics of few-mode silica-based photonic crystal fibres

The modal characteristics of silica-based photonic crystal fibres (PCF) are examined through a scalar modal analysis combined with an effective V-parameter model using a finite-difference method. Cut off frequencies of the lowest-order modes and the normalised dispersion curves are given and are found to be quasi-independent of the hole-size-to-pitch ratio. A simple and accurate empirical relation for the cutoff wavelength is given for the first higher-order mode for fibres with hole-size-to-pitch ratio below 0.7. These results should be very useful in designing PCF's for various applications.     

Time domain measurement of dispersion in optical fibres

A time domain dispersion measurement apparatus was successfully built and tested at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. This instrument can measure directly the pulse broadening in a multimode optical fibre. The basic dispersion mechanisms in optical fibres and the design details of the system are discussed.     

Experimental investigation of fibre-optical confocal scanning microscopy: Including a comparison with pinhole detection

Reported in this paper are the experimental results on fibre-optical confocal scanning microscopy (FOCSM). We have performed various measurements in the FOCSM involving axial responses, edge responses, signal levels and interference axial responses in order to demonstrate the differences in confocal scanning imaging between using optical fibres and using pinholes. Experimentally measured results are compared with our theoretical predictions, revealing good agreements. It is shown convincingly that the FOCSM is a purely coherent imaging system as predicted in our previous theory.     

Light propagation in multi‐step index optical fibres

This paper reviews the theoretical analysis of light propagation we have carried out on multimode multi‐step index (MSI) optical fibres. Starting from the Eikonal equation, we derive the analytical expressions that allow calculating the ray trajectories inside these fibres. We also analyse the effects of leaky rays on the transmission properties of MSI fibres. For this purpose, a single analytical expression for the evaluation of the ray power transmission coefficient is calculated. Afterwards, we investigate the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic coupling losses on the performance of MSI fibres, providing analytical expressions to calculate the coupling loss and, also, determining the most critical parameters. Finally, we carry out a comprehensive numerical analysis of the fibre bandwidth under different source configurations.     

Improvement of coupling efficiency between a 0.82 μm wavelength laser diode and a VAD single-mode fibre by conical microlenses

Conical microlenses have been fabricated directly on the end faces of single-mode fibres which demonstrate −1.8 dB coupling loss to a 0.82 μm laser diode. Experimental results on coupling loss, lateral and axial offsets are also reported.     

Effect of emulsifier content of sizing agent on the surface of carbon fibres and interface of its composites

In this work, carbon fibres were sized with different emulsifier content sizing agent in order to improve the performances of carbon fibres and the interface of carbon fibres composites. The surface characteristic changing after modification was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wetting and surface energy along with contact angles were determined by the dynamic contact angle analysis test (DCAT). At the same time, the single fibre strengths and weibull distributions were also studied in order to understand the effect of the emulsifier content of sizing agent on the carbon fibres. The interfacial shear strength and hygrothermal ageing of the composites were measured which showed a different enhancement, respectively. The results revealed that sizing agent E-3 showed better interface adhesion between fibres and matrix and sizing agent E-2 sized carbon fibre has better ageing resistant properties.     

Optical fibre strength/fatigue experiments

New techniques for measuring and analysing the strength characteristics of optical waveguide fibres have evolved as the strength of the optical fibres improved. A recent life-fatigue experiment is described and the results analysed in terms of the most commonly used theoretical model which results in the power law V = AKⁿ. Ten m long fibre samples were tensilely stressed in a high humidity environment by both fixed (static fatigue) and constant rate (dynamic fatigue) loads. The respective test values for the power law exponent, the fatigue constant ‘n’, were 38 and 17. The results of the tests indicate the more conservative value, 17, for practical engineering design, and the need for incorporating an ageing term in the model.     

Twin-hollow-core optical fibres

Twin-hollow-core microstructured optical fibres have been fabricated and characterised for the first time. The fibre cladding structure results in guidance by the inhibited coupling mechanism, in which there is a low overlap between the core modes and surrounding structure. This results in minimal interaction between the modes of each core in the transmission bands of the fibre and hence minimal coupling between the cores. It is shown that light is able to couple between the cores via coupling to cladding struts in the high loss wavelength bands.     

Silane-modified polymers as interphases in glass-fibre-reinforced composites: 2. Grafting and crosslinking of interphase materials

_—This paper presents an interphase engineering technique suitable for grafting silane-modified polymers onto glass fibres to be used in composites with enhanced impact tolerance. The silane-modified polymers include ethylene polymers grafted with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and a copolymer of butyl acrylate (BuA) and MPS. The grafting of functionalized interphase materials onto glass fibres is performed in solution. By changing the concentrations of the solutions, different amounts of polymer can be deposited on the fibres. Water crosslinking of the polymer gives the possibility of producing stabilised interfacial polymer coatings over a range of thicknesses. It is concluded that acidic conditions (1) promote the grafting of silane-modified polymers on glass fibres and (2) for a given reaction time, increase the amount of crosslinked polymer in the interphase, i.e. yield more stable interphases. It is also likely that preserving acidic conditions at the fibre/polymer interface is important for maintaining bonding across the interface. It is shown that polystyrene/glass-fibre composites having SEBS at the interface are promising candidates for high-impact-tolerance composites.