青海湖区沙柳河谷典型植物重金属含量特征

对青海湖地区沙柳河下游地区14种典型植物，采用AAS进行了As、Sb、Pb、Cd、Ni、Co、Cr、Se等8种重金属元素含量的分析。结果表明，元素Cr的平均含量最高，但含量范围变化不大，而Co和As的含量在不同植物中含量相差很大。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定汽车涂料中8种重金属

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定汽车涂料中Pb,Cr,Se,Ba,Sb,As,Cd,Hg含量的方法。以HNO_3-H_2O_2(体积比为4∶1)混合酸消解样品,各元素分析谱线:Pb 220.353 nm,Cr 267.716 nm,Se196.090 nm,Ba 233.527 nm,Sb 217.581 nm,As 189.042 nm,Cd 228.802 nm,Hg 184.950 nm。8种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.02%~12.94%(n=6);对白色、蓝色、红色汽车漆样品进行加标回收试验,Pb,Cr,Se,Ba,As,Cd,Hg,的加标回收率为81.26%~99.79%,Sb的回收率为62.43%~87.61%。该方法快速、简便,精密度、准确度较高,可用于汽车涂料中重金属含量的监控。     

青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸植物群落主要植物化学元素含量特征

分析了青藏高原北麓河地区29种高寒植物15个元素含量的特征。结果表明,这些植物中元素平均含量>400μg/g的元素有Ca,Mg,Na,K,Fe,10～100μg/g的有Mn,Cr,Zn,Cu,<10μg/g的有Ni,Co,As,Pb,Cd,Hg;种间同种元素的含量变化规律不统一。相关性分析表明,Cu与Cd,Fe与Cd和Hg,Cr与Ni,Co和Mg极显著正相关,Cr和Ca极显著负相关;聚类分析表明,Na,As元素对本区植物聚类的影响最大,莎草科、禾本科、菊科科内植物元素含量相似。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定不同品种山药中矿物质元素与对比研究

采用微波消解样品,运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定山药中K,Na,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Se,Pb,Cd和Cr 12种元素。结果表明:方法简便、快速、准确;山药富含对人体有益的K,Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn,Mn,Se等矿物质元素,其肉质中重金属元素Pb,Cd,Cr含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准。     

酸洗污泥与煤共燃烧过程中重金属的迁移分布研究

采用高温管式炉系统进行酸洗污泥与煤共燃烧实验。对共燃烧后As、Cr、Ni、Cd、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Sb、Se重金属元素在烟气、飞灰及炉渣中的分配率进行分析。结果表明,Cd、Se、Zn是易挥发重金属,主要分布在烟气和飞灰中。Cd在烟气中的最大分配率为61%;Se在烟气中的分配率为38.58%~94.612%;Zn在低、高温段分别主要分布在烟气和飞灰中。As、Cu、Pb、Sb是半挥发重金属,Pb在炉渣中的分配率较稳定,分配率为42.67%~64.76%,在烟气和飞灰中的分配率波动较大,其分配率分别是14.176%~45.79%和9.78%~32.55%;Sb在烟气中的最大分配率为37.64%;温度升高反而会抑制As、Cu挥发,这与高温下As、Cu易与矿物质反应生成络合物有关。Ni、Cr、Mn属于难挥发重金属,绝大部分残留在炉渣中,且分配率对温度变化不敏感。赋存于炉渣中的Cr、Ni分别超过95%和97%;随着温度升高,Mn在炉渣中的分配率由71.46%增加到96.89%。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人面果树中的重金属元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定人面果树中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素含量的方法。样品采用HNO3-H2O2消解体系,避免了赶酸的操作,经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素的含量。方法对7种元素的校准曲线的相关系数r>0.9997,检出限在0.0098～0.0874μg/L之间,回收率在93%～115%之间,RSD在0.41%～4.9%。     

青藏高原白刺、枸杞和沙棘果粉中微量元素含量比较研究

采用原子吸收光谱法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法对青藏高原白刺、枸杞、沙棘果粉中的13种元素进行了分析测定。结果表明,3种植物果粉中的Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、K、Ca、Na、Mg等8种元素含量丰富且差异显著,Pb、As、Cr、Cd、Hg等5种重金属元素含量均较低,为3种植物资源深度开发利用提供了基础数据。     

应用ICP-MS法测定玩具中可溶性重金属元素

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定了玩具中8种重金属Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Se、Sb、Ba的可溶性含量,方法简便、快捷.方法的检出限为0.28～5.2 μg/L,方法的精密度和回收率分别为92.5%～106%和5.1%～9.4%,达到了玩具中可溶性重金属含量的分析要求.应用该方法测定了金属、塑料、木质和毛绒玩具中的可溶性重金属含量,取得了良好的效果.     

Graves氏病骨髓微量元素的探讨

通过原子吸收光谱技术探讨Gretves氏病人骨髓Zn、Cu、Mn、Se、Cr及Cu／Zu、Cu／Mn、Cu／Se、Cr／Zn、Cr／Mn、Cr／Se的变化，结果表明：患病组骨髓Cu、Cr、Cu／Zn、Cu／Mn，Cu／Se、Cr／Zn、Cr／Se较正常组明显升高，而Zn、Mn，Se明显降低，Cr／Mn两组比较无差异。计算机多因素逐步回归分析结果显示五种元素中Cu与T3关系最密切，六组元素比值中Cu／Se、Cr／Mu与T3关系量密切，Se元素与患者病程长短关系密切。     

定南县废弃稀土矿区优势植物中5种重金属元素含量的测定

目的通过对赣南定南县某废弃稀土矿区生长的植物样品中5种重金属元素Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb和Cr的含量进行测定。方法采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中Cu、Mn、Cd含量,采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定了样品中Pb和Cr的含量。结果在植物样品中,Mn含量最高的是芒萁(1 081.305 mg/kg);含Cd最高的是山鸡椒(0.716 mg/kg),Pb、Cu、Cr的含量未超过植物正常值。结论山鸡椒和芒萁可分别作为废弃稀土矿区Mn和Cd元素理想的植物修复备选植物。     

微量元素在尘肺患病率不同电厂的比较研究

为了调查微量元素对电厂尘肺患病率（甲厂〉乙厂）的影响,分别用中子活化法和原子吸收法测定两电厂粉尘、排放水和职工头发中化学元素含量,用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定接尘人员血中ＳＯＤ,结果发现甲厂粉尘中Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ和稀土元素含量比乙厂高,有显著性意义;乙厂比甲厂高的元素有Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｂａ,而Ｎｉ、Ｃｄ未见显著性差异。甲厂工业排放水中Ｃｒ电明显高于乙厂。提示Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ和稀土元素对尘肺的形     

祁连山中部冰缘植物必需元素含量分析

分析了祁连山中部冰缘区16种高山植物9种必需元素含量。结果表明,研究区域内的植物与一般的陆生植物相比大量富集Ca和Fe,但是K,Mg,Cu含量小于陆生植物元素含量平均值,而Na、P、Mn、Zn与陆生植物元素含量平均值相当,这与土壤中相应元素的含量关系不大,主要是植物生命活动过程中主动吸收的。     

青海湖区河谷灌丛主要植物微量元素含量特征

采集青海湖地区沙柳河河谷灌丛14种主要植物，采用AAS分析了其中7种微量元素含量。结果表明，元素Cu、Mn、Co含量有较大的植物种问差异，7种微量元素中Se含量最小，Fe含量最大。元素Mn和Fe、Co、Ni之间都具有极显著的正相关性，即相互之间具有协同性作用。     

湖北典型地区茶叶-土壤重金属相关性研究

本文旨在分析湖北典型地区茶叶以及土壤中各种元素的含量,采用原子荧光法(AFS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)等方法对135对茶叶及土壤样品进行测定,并探讨各种元素之间的相互关系和影响。研究结果表明,土壤中元素的分布对茶叶中元素含量分布有一定意义,典型区土壤养分有效磷和碱解氮较丰富,有机质和速效钾较缺乏。典型区茶叶作物表层土壤 Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、As 均存在不同程度的超标。土壤 Cd 和 Hg 的污染指数高,潜在生态风险强。典型区茶叶可食部分重金属含量均值依次为 Cu>Pb>Cd>Hg>As>Cr,重金属元素在茶叶中含量均为中等变异性。 茶叶对 Cu、Pb 的富集系数明显高于 Hg、As、Cd、Cr,不同茶叶对同一元素的富集能力存在差异。土壤重金属含量与土壤 pH 值、CEC、有效磷、总氮等理化指标关系密切。茶叶重金属含量与土壤重金属含量水平相关性较弱,但与茶叶对重金属的富集能力均呈显著正相关关系。     

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Some Wild‐Grown Edible Mushrooms

Abstract

In this study some heavy metal uptake in mushroom species, their metal content in soil substrate and the relation in between metal concentration in mushroom and soil were investigated. Mushroom species and soil in which mushroom species were grown were collected from Tokat region of Turkey. Six different mushroom species and their underlying soil (0–10 cm layer) samples were analyzed for some heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni, Cr and Co). The analysis was performed with an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results indicate that in general, heavy metal contents in all mushroom species were lower than the underlying soil substrates except for some mushroom species. The results obtained from the analyses of mushroom and underlying soil samples were evaluated using linear correlation analysis and concentration factors to identify the metal accumulation of mushrooms.     

Comparative study of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues of farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ICP-OES technique

The objective of this research was to determine the differences between farmed and wild rainbow trout in terms of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues. The samples were analyzed for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); and for Hg by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The results were expressed as μg/g of dry weight. With the exception of Ba and Sr, liver had significantly higher heavy metal and trace element concentrations compared to the muscle in farmed or wild fish. Higher levels of Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn, as well as lower levels of Cu and Sr were found in tissues of wild rainbow trout compared to its farmed relative. Levels of Cd in 41.6% of farmed fish samples and 45.8% of wild fish samples exceeded the European Commission regulation. Regarding the Pb, concentrations in 50% of farmed fish samples and 62.5% of wild ones were above the European Commission limit. However, levels of Hg and As in all of the examined samples were lower than the legislated limits. The differences in heavy metal and trace element accumulation observed between farmed and wild fish were probably related to the differences in their environmental conditions and dietary element concentrations.     

仙人掌果汁红色素含量测定与微量元素分析

用可见分光光度法与等离子体发射光谱法对仙人掌果汁色素及其微量元素的含量进行了测定，仙人掌果汁色素含量达２．１％￣３．３％，成熟果的果汁色素含量比预成熟果大。在２７种被测定的元素中，除Ａｓ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ，Ｓｂ，Ｔｌ等未被检出外，其余Ａｇ，Ａｌ，Ｂ，Ｂａ，Ｃａ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｎａ，Ｎｉ，Ｓｅ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ，Ｋ，Ｐ，Ｓ等均有准确测定值。成熟果与预成熟果的果汁微量元素含量无明显     

Uptake,Translocation, and Bioaccumulation of Elements in Forest Nettle (Laportea alatipes)

Elements found in the edible parts of plants are considered to be the main source of nutrients for humans and animals. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between heavy metal pollution in the growing soil of most edible plants. In this study, the distribution of elements in the edible forest nettle (Laportea alatipes) was evaluated as a function of geographical location. Forest land soils had higher concentrations of minor elements (Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn) compared to soils from rural and suburban areas. Translocation factors for Cd and Pb showed effective translocation from the roots to the leaves; however, these heavy metals in leaves were still above South African maximum permissible levels for vegetables. Atmospheric depositions may play a significant role in higher Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaves. Bioaccumulation factors showed the plant to accumulate Cu, Mn, and Zn to meet physiological requirement levels. Geoaccumulation indices and enrichment factors showed no soil contamination or minimal enrichment by trace metals. Principal component analysis showed Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil to originate from a common source which may be soil silicates and other minerals.