稀土硫化物的制备与应用

稀土硫化物是一类新型功能材料,具有复杂的晶体结构和独特的光、电、磁性能,可作为无毒环保颜料、新能源材料以及光催化材料等.此外,稀土硫化物在热电材料、磁性材料等领域有着广阔的应用前景,成为近些年的研究热点.本文介绍了近年来稀土硫化物在制备方法、晶体结构调控、复合结构构筑等方面的研究进展,并结合本课题组在该领域的工作,重点关注了稀土硫化物在无机颜料、新能源和光催化等应用领域的突破,探讨了稀土硫化物结构和性能的构效关系以及性能增强改性的策略,并对稀土硫化物的研究中存在的问题进行了概述,对其未来发展进行了展望.     

美术无机颜料的化学成分分析--《颜料化学与工艺学》

美术无机颜料是指运用化学物质,并通过不同的配方而制成的颜料,与植物质与矿物质颜料相比,美术无机颜料可以制出色泽更为丰富的颜料。在西方的绘画作品当中,将美术无机颜料作为绘画材料的优秀作品不可少见。在我国清朝时期,出现过部分画家使用铅丹和铅白进行绘画,但是当时缺乏相应的技术,主要通过合成颜料的方式制成多种不同的颜色,而如今,中国化学合成颜料的生产体系逐渐完善。     

美术无机颜料的化学成分分析——《颜料化学与工艺学》

<正>美术无机颜料是指运用化学物质,并通过不同的配方而制成的颜料,与植物质与矿物质颜料相比,美术无机颜料可以制出色泽更为丰富的颜料。在西方的绘画作品当中,将美术无机颜料作为绘画材料的优秀作品不可少见。在我国清朝时期,出现过部分画家使用铅丹和铅白进行绘画,但是当时缺乏相应的技术,主要通过合成颜料的方式制成多种不同的颜色,而如今,中国化学合成颜料的生产体系逐渐完善。化学产品在人们生活中的广泛应用,颜料是其中的一种,尤其在美术专业上,颜料更是重要的部分。     

涂布加工纸用分散剂

YH分散剂是一种有机分散剂。它对纸张涂布所用的各种无机颜料(如瓷土、碳酸钙、硫酸钡或混合颜料)均有良好的分散效果,与颜料浆中其他各种添加成分有良好的相容性。在配制颜料浆时,只需加颜料重量的(0.4-0.8)%的分散剂,就可以使颜料具有良好的流动性。尤其是当颜料浆中固体含量高达60-70%时,用一般无机磷酸盐分散剂已无能为力,而且YH分散剂仍能制得符合涂布工艺要求的均匀颜料浆。     

无机颜料合成的探究及社会调研

无机颜料是多种日用品常用的着色剂,厦门大学本科生社会实践小组在查阅文献的基础上,在实验室小量合成了部分无机颜料,对合成方法进行了总结、讨论;同时进行了问卷调查,到相关企业进行了参观、学习。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定有机颜料中重金属元素

颜料是一类具有装饰和保护双重作用的有色物质,通常是以细微粒子的分散形式应用于涂料、油墨、塑料、橡胶、纺织品、纸张、建材、搪瓷、食品用具等制品中。随着颜料工业的快速发展,颜料的质量安全问题不断显现,特别是颜料中重金属污染问题[1]。无机颜料中重金属检测的前处理方法一般采用湿法消解,而有机颜料难溶于水,无法采用湿法消解,采用干法消解又容易引起铅等元素的不确定性损失。本工作采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定内外墙涂料中二氧化钛

工业用二氧化钛主要有锐钛型和金红石型两种,由于其光学性能好、折射率高且稳定,因此作为颜料被广泛用于涂料、化纤、造纸、塑料等领域[1]。二氧化钛颜料在不同种类涂料中应用范围较广,约占涂料所用无机颜料的70%,它不仅具有装饰效果,还能改善涂料的耐候性和涂膜的机械强度等,因此研究测定涂料中二氧化钛的含量,可以间接快速分析内外墙涂料中掺杂、掺假、以假充真的现象,并能对内外墙涂料对比率性能进行分析。     

镁铝型水滑石水热合成

水滑石是一类具有特殊结构的层状无机材料 .具有可调变的组成及独特的结构和性能 ,在离子交换、吸附分离、催化、医药等领域得到广泛应用 [1～ 4 ] .特别是水滑石类材料所具有的选择性、红外吸收性和离子交换性等一些特殊性能 ,使其作为新型无机功能材料已应用于 PE农膜 (保温剂 )和 PVC(无毒热稳定剂 )等高分子材料中 ,显示了独特的性能[5] .作为无机功能材料 ,水滑石在复合材料中的应用必然涉及其粒子尺寸和分布 ,因此对水滑石晶化规律的研究非常重要 .水滑石成熟的合成方法是共沉淀法[6] ,如单滴法、双滴法 .由于沉淀粒子是渐次产生 ,…     

冯晖墓壁画颜料的高分辨电镜和拉曼光谱分析

利用高分辨率电镜(HREM)和拉曼光谱等方法,对五代冯晖墓内壁画不同颜料的结构与成分进行了分析。结果表明,红色、黄色、黑色等矿物颜料保存都较为完好,未发生显著的变化,这为以后壁画保护方案的确立提供了科学依据、同时也证明,在样品量极少的情况下,利用高分辨电镜和拉曼光谱等方法可有效鉴别古代无机颜料的种类。     

新型无机闪烁材料研究进展

本文在扼要叙述了无机闪烁材料的发展史后,综述了近十年来新型无机闪烁材料研究中所取得的进展。主要包括BaF_2的闪烁机理;几种新型高发光效率无机闪烁晶体;新一代陶瓷闪烁体和新材料探索方法的突破。     

聚丙烯/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料结晶形态和形貌研究

采用熔融共混的方法 ,制备聚丙烯 凹凸棒土纳米复合材料 .通过X射线衍射 (XRD)分析凹凸棒土在聚丙烯复合材料中晶面间距的变化以及对聚丙烯晶型的影响 ,结果表明凹凸棒土在复合材料中晶面间距没有变化 ;聚丙烯晶型没有发生变化但晶粒尺寸增加了 .用示差扫描量热法 (DSC)分析聚丙烯复合材料的结晶度的变化 ,发现凹凸棒土的加入使复合材料的结晶温度提高 ,结晶速率增大 ,结晶度增加 .用偏光显微镜(POM)观察凹凸棒土对聚丙烯球晶的影响 ,结果表明凹凸棒土的加入起到了成核剂的作用 ,使得聚丙烯球晶尺寸减小 ,当凹凸棒土的加入量到 10 %左右时 ,观察不到完整的球晶 .利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)和原子力显微镜 (AFM)观察凹凸棒土在聚丙烯中的分散 ,发现凹凸棒土在聚丙烯基体中分散比较均匀 ,但呈无序分布 .     

凹凸棒土粘结剂对13X分子筛吸附性能的促进作用

以凹凸棒土为粘结剂制备了13X分子筛吸附剂.研究了其孔结构、表面电性和对水、CO2和N2分子的吸附性能,并与高岭土为粘结剂的同类吸附剂进行了比较.结果表明,凹凸棒土发达的孔隙结构、大的比表面和表面负电性质有利于其吸附容量的改善,而13X/凹凸棒土中丰富的中孔促进了其对CO2的吸附速率.另外由CO2吸附热力学分析可知,CO2在13X/凹凸棒土上具有较低的吸附热,结果将有利于其在吸附剂上的脱附.     

ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON ATTAPULGITE

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue （MB） from aqueous solution using attapulgite as adsorbent. The effects of various parameters such as temperature, contact time, the pH value, and attapulgite dosage on the adsorption performance were investigated. The standard curve and regression equation were established by spectrophotometry. The adsorption experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well in accord with Langmuir adsorptive model. The optimal result was acquired under the experimental condition of attapulgite dosage 0.18g, MB concentration 50.0mg/L, pH 10, and adsorption time 20min at room temperature.     

偶氮化合物的光电导性能的研究

本文合成了五种双偶氮颜料,它们是以芴酮为桥基,以含有五种不同取代基的色酚为偶合剂的化合物.测定了这些化合物的吸收光谱和X射线衍射光谱;分别以这五种偶氮颜料为电荷产生材料制备了功能分离型双层光电导体,并对它们的光电导性能进行了研究.     

有机改性凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能研究

合成了十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性的凹凸棒土吸附剂,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸的吸附行为。通过FTIR、TG对改性前后凹凸棒土进行表征。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵成功结合到凹凸棒土表面,结合到凹凸棒土表面的量为9.78%。在25℃时,腐殖酸在吸附剂上吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,初始浓度为54.60~200.20mg/L时,ATP-CTAC对腐殖酸的最大吸附量为253mg/g;温度对吸附行为影响不大;改性后的凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附随pH的增大而降低;改性后的凹凸棒土显著地提高了对腐殖酸的吸附量。     

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF Pb(Ⅱ) ON NANOMETER ATTAPULGITE BY FAAS

The adsorptive behavior of nanometer attapulgite modified by acid to Pb(Ⅱ) was investigated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in this paper. The mainly effect parameters on the adsorptive efficiency of Pb(Ⅱ), such as the acidity of the solution, the amount of attapulgite, oscillation time and static time were studied. Also the influencing factors of the recovery efficiency of Pb(Ⅱ), including the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the volume of hydrochloric acid, oscillation time and static time were investigated. The adsorptive capacity of Pb(Ⅱ) on nanometer attapulgite was 26.5mg/g and the adsorptive capacity of first cycle and second cycle regenerated nanometer attapulgite were 26.5mg/g and 26.3mg/g, respectively. The results obtained indicated that the regenerated effect was good.     

COHERENT MOTION AND TRANSFER OF EXCITATION ENERGY IN THE PRIMARY PROCESSES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Fluorescence decay curves are calculated within the framework of the Liouville von Neumann equation for simple model systems of a photosynthetic unit consisting of a reaction center coupled to either a linear chain or a hexagonal array of identical antenna pigments. A comparison of the results with those obtained by solving the Pauli Master equations reveals that in the case of coherent excitation energy transfer the fluorescence decay kinetics exhibit a strong dependence on the topological array of the antenna pigments. For systems with a different pigment array, markedly different kinetics can be expected upon decreasing the pure dephasing time.     

Preparation of poly(ε-caprolactone)@attapulgite nanocomposites via a combination of controlled ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry

In this work, by a combination of controlled ring-opening polymerization (CROP) and click chemistry, we report a facile and useful method to synthesize linear poly(ε-caprolactone)@attapulgite nanocomposites with well-defined structures. For this, first, the chlorine-terminated attapulgite was prepared by the self-assembly of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane from the surfaces of attapulgite. And then, the terminal chlorines of modified attapulgite were substituted with azido groups. As the second step, linear propargyl-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCLs) with different molecular weights were synthesized by the CROP of ε-CL monomer in toluene with stannous octoate as a catalyst and propargyl alcohol as an initiator. The structural characteristics of the obtained linear PCLs have been determined by ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography analysis. Finally, the azido-terminated attapulgite was reacted with propargyl-terminated PCLs via the click reaction.     

ROLE OF HYDROXYL-BEARING AMINO ACIDS IN DIFFERENTIALLY TUNING THE ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF THE HUMAN RED AND GREEN CONE PIGMENTS

The human red and green cone pigments differ at either 15 or 16 amino acids, depending upon which polymorphic variants are compared. Seven of these amino acid differences involve the introduction or removal of a hydroxyl group. One of these differences, a substitution of alanine for senne at position 80, was found previously to produce a 5 nm blue shift. To determine the role of the remaining six hydroxyl group differences in tuning the absorption spectra of the human red and green pigments, we have studied six site-directed mutants in which single amino acids from the green pigment have been substituted for the corresponding residues in the red pigment. Blue shifts of 7 and 14 nm were observed upon substitution of phenylalanine for tyrosine at position 277 and alanine for threonine at position 285, respectively. Single substitutions at positions 65, 230, 233, and 309 produced spectral shifts of 1 nm or less. These data are in good agreement with a model based upon sequence comparisons among primate pigments and with the properties of site-directed mutants of bovine rhodopsin. Nonadditive effects observed in comparing the absorption spectra of red-green hybrid pigments remain to be explained.     

改性凹凸棒的制备及对砷离子的吸附研究

针对日益严重的砷离子污染问题，本文采用灵敏简便的原子荧光分析法，探究了凹凸棒石粘土吸附剂对砷离子的吸附性能，测定了pH、吸附时间、砷离子的初始浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土负载铁氧化物对砷离子吸附能力的影响，并通过SEM、EDX、FTIR对所制得的吸附剂进行了表征研究，同时进行了吸附动力学和吸附等温模型的分析。研究结果表明，改性后的凹凸棒对砷离子的吸附性能有了显著提升，在较低浓度时吸附效率可达98%，该吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程。