用SPIDER法重构飞秒脉冲位相中参数的选择

为了更精确地测量飞秒脉冲特性以满足其不断拓宽的应用，基于光谱相位相干直接电场重构法（SPIDER）测量飞秒激光脉冲的基本原理和重构相位的反演算法，数值模拟了SPIDER重构飞秒脉冲相位的过程，分析了时间延迟τ、光谱剪切量Ω及滤波窗口宽度的选取原则。以宽度约为20fs的高斯型线性啁啾脉冲为例，通过选取不同的时间延迟τ和光谱剪切量Ω重构脉冲的相位，发现重构位相曲线与原输入脉冲位相曲线最接近时，时间延迟τ约为1210fs,相对光谱剪切量Ω/Δω约为9%，滤波窗口宽度约为τ/3。     

不同波长飞秒脉冲的相位测量

飞秒脉冲技术的不断发展能够较方便地产生不同波段和结构特性的飞秒脉冲. 对已有的改进型零附加相位光谱相位相干电场重构系统进行优化整合,使之胜任不同特性飞秒脉冲的测量. 利用该系统测量了两台飞秒激光系统输出不同波长的脉冲及其通过厚度为80 mm的BK7玻璃块而得到的啁啾脉冲. 实验结果表明,该系统的适用范围较宽. 关键词： 光谱相位相干直接电场重构法 飞秒脉冲测量 波长     

两种光谱相位相干电场重构法对复杂脉冲测量的准确度比较

借助数值模拟的方法，比较了传统的光谱相位相干直接电场重构(SPIDER)法和延时受控无条纹光谱相位相干电场重构(DCFF-SPIDER)法对复杂脉冲测量准确度的差异，并分析其内在的原因.理论计算表明，传统SPIDER方法在测量光谱和相位结构存在突变的复杂脉冲时，通常会出现一定程度的偏差，而DCFF-SPIDER方法能够保持很高的准确度. 关键词： 光谱相位相干直接电场重构法 飞秒脉冲测量 超快信息光学     

基于旋转相干光谱的整形飞秒激光转动动力学调控

我们实验上发展了基于飞秒激光旋转相干光谱的整形飞秒激光转动动力学调控方法,通过脉冲整形技术调控激发脉冲的光谱相位,从而实现对飞秒激光作用下转动态相干激发过程中复原信号及转动布居数的调控. 研究了飞秒激光旋转相干光谱对激光频谱相位的响应机制,突出了飞秒激光频谱相位在气相分子转动态相干激发中的重要作用. 为飞秒激光作用下生物大分子和团簇鉴别及结构探测研究提供了新的参考.     

基于平衡光学互相关方法的超短脉冲激光相干合成技术

相干合成技术是超快光学领域的重要研究方向之一.当单路脉冲激光的连续谱超过一个倍频程时,精确控制其光谱相位(色散管理)是获得亚周期超短脉冲激光的关键.由于常见的脉冲压缩系统存在光谱带宽限制,因此多通道相干合成技术受到了广泛的关注.本文将充气空心光纤展宽后的超倍频程连续光谱分波段独立压缩,并利用平衡光学互相关方法锁定子脉冲之间的相位延迟,获得了4.1 fs的合成脉冲.实验结果表明相干合成技术在高能量亚周期超快光场调控中存在优势.     

改进型零附加相位光谱相位相干电场重构系统对啁啾脉冲的测量

现有的基于光谱相位相干电场重构法(SPIDER)的脉冲测量系统,在测量啁啾脉冲时容易出现误差.本文提出一个改进型零附加相位光谱相位相干电场重构系统(MZAP-SPIDER),来解决上述问题.在实验上,利用改进后的SPIDER系统测量了钛宝石飞秒激光器输出的脉冲及其经80mm长的BK7玻璃块展宽得到的啁啾脉冲.结果表明,该系统能胜任啁啾脉冲的相位测量.     

亚周期超快光场相干合成技术

随着超快激光脉冲宽度不断变窄,进一步产生单周期乃至亚周期的脉冲面临着巨大的技术挑战。通过脉冲载波包络相位精密控制技术相干合成多路超快光场,不仅是目前超快光学的重要前沿内容,也是实现亚周期脉冲极为有效的方案。结合本课题组近年来在相干合成方面的研究进展,介绍相干合成超快光场的主要技术内容,包括超宽带光谱的产生、色散管理及载波包络相位控制等技术。     

飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试技术

飞秒激光在激光核聚变、卫星精密测距、激光微加工等领域具有重要的应用前景,同时也是产生太赫兹波的主要泵浦源。介绍了国内外飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试方法,比较了自相关法、频率分辨光学快门法、光谱相位相干直接电场重构法的优缺点。自相关法具有脉宽测量范围广、结构简单等特点,但不具备脉冲波形测试能力。光谱相位相干直接电场重构法对待测激光光束质量要求较高, 不适合大量程范围激光脉宽快速测量。为满足10 fs~5 ps大量程范围超短激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试需求,采用自相关法及二次谐波频率分辨光学开关法研制飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试仪,时间分辨率优于2 fs。     

太瓦飞秒脉冲激光峰值功率测量装置及测量不确定度分析

超短超强脉冲激光（飞秒强激光）具有极高的峰值功率,在激光惯性约束聚变、高能物理、激光微加工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。飞秒脉冲激光峰值功率是评价超短超强脉冲激光系统性能的重要参数。介绍了基于光谱相位相干直接电场重构法的太瓦量级飞秒脉冲激光峰值功率测量方法、测量装置组成和工作原理,搭建了一套太瓦量级的飞秒脉冲激光峰值功率测量装置,分析和讨论了影响太瓦激光峰值功率测量结果的测量不确定度分量来源和主要因素。测量峰值功率的重复性为2.9%,测量不确定度达到17.6%(k=2),有效解决了太瓦量级飞秒激光峰值功率测量问题。     

超短双曲正割脉冲的两种脉冲宽度比较

利用理论推导和数值模拟方法,给出了超短双曲正割脉冲较为严格的均方根脉冲宽度与通常使用的半高全宽脉冲宽度的解析表达式,并对两种脉冲宽度进行了比较.研究结果表明,对于亚周期（半高全宽脉冲宽度小于一个光学振荡周期）双曲正割脉冲,均方根脉冲宽度与半高全宽脉冲宽度有较大的差异,并且绝对相位对均方根脉冲宽度的影响很大.所以描述亚周期双曲正割脉冲时应该使用更加严格的均方根脉冲宽度.     

载波-包络相位稳定的周期量级近红外超短脉冲激光系统

利用光参量放大过程输出的闲置光载波-包络相位(CEP)被动稳定的特点,搭建了三级光参量放大(OPA)系统,获得了CEP稳定的近红外高能量超短激光脉冲(1.4 mJ/40 fs/1 kHz @ 1.8 μm),其CEP抖动为516 mrad(rms).经空心光纤展宽光谱和块体材料补偿色散,激光脉宽最终可被压缩至小于两个光学周期(<12 fs),脉冲能量达到0.54 mJ.该系统为单个阿秒脉冲的产生和其他高次谐波实验提供了优质的光源. 关键词： 光参量放大 周期量级近红外激光脉冲 载波-包络相位稳定     

Excess noise generation during spectral broadening in a microstructured fiber

We observe that nanojoule femtosecond pulses that are spectrally broadened in a microstructured fiber acquire excess noise. The excess noise is manifested as an increase in the noise floor of the rf spectrum of the photocurrent from a photodetector illuminated by the pulse train from the laser oscillator. Measurements are made of the intensity dependence of the excess noise for both 100 fs and sub-10 fs pulses. The excess noise is very strong for 100 fs pulses, but barely measurable for sub-10 fs pulses. A rigorous quantum treatment of the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses predicts that, for a fixed generated bandwidth, the amount of excess noise decreases with pulse duration, in agreement with the experimental results.     

Generation of high-energy, sub-20-fs pulses in the deep ultraviolet by using spectral broadening during filamentation in argon

Generation of sub-20-fs UV pulses with more than 300 μJ energy at 268 nm is reported. First, the UV pulses are produced by successive second-harmonic and third-harmonic (TH) generation of 805 nm pulses of a 1 kHz Ti:sapphire laser amplifier. The spectral broadening of TH pulses is realized in a filament, generated in argon. The produced pulses are compressed in a simple double-pass prism-pair compressor. Starting from 100 fs pulses, we achieve a fivefold pulse shortening.     

用于产生亚12fs脉冲的脉冲波前匹配的超宽带光学参量啁啾脉冲放大器

研究和建议了一种用于产生亚12fs脉冲的基于脉冲波前匹配的LBO超宽带光学参量啁啾脉冲放大器。实验结果表明LBO超宽带光学参量啁啾脉冲放大器可以输出大于60nm(FWHM)的增益光谱带宽，为了利用这种放大器产生转换限制的脉冲输出，给出了一种将超宽带光学参量啁啾脉冲放大器与脉冲波前匹配相结合的方法，这种方法等价于信号光脉冲波前无斜置的放大，克服了超宽带参量啁啾脉冲放大器中由于信号光的脉冲波前斜置而导致很难获得最短压缩脉冲输出的缺陷，从而允许产生转换限制的亚12fs脉冲。     

Self-referenced spectral interferometry for ultrashort infrared pulse characterization

We demonstrate for the first time (to our knowledge) characterization of ultrashort IR pulses by self-referenced spectral interferometry. Both sub-55-fs pulses from 1.4 μm to 2 μm and broadband 2.5-cycle pulses at 1.65 μm (13 fs FWHM) are characterized.     

High average and peak power femtosecond large-pitch photonic-crystal-fiber laser

We report on the generation of high-average-power and high-peak-power ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked fiber laser operating in the all-normal-dispersion regime. As gain medium, a large-mode-area ytterbium-doped large-pitch photonic-crystal fiber is used. The self-starting fiber laser delivers 27 W of average power at 50.57 MHz repetition rate, resulting in 534 nJ of pulse energy. The laser produces positively chirped 2 ps output pulses, which are compressed down to sub-100 fs, leading to pulse peak powers as high as 3.2 MW.     

All-fiber laser seeded femtosecond Yb:KGW solid state regenerative amplifier

A high efficiency compact Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier using an all-fiber laser seed source was comprehensively studied. With thermal lensing effect compensated by the cavity design, the compressed pulses with energy of 1 m J at 1 k Hz and 0.4 m J at 10 k Hz in sub-400-fs pulse duration using chirped fiber Bragg grating(CFBG) stretcher were demonstrated.A modified Frantz–Nodvik equation was developed to emulate the dynamic behavior of the regenerative amplifier. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experiment. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that the scheme can be scalable to higher energy of multi-m J, sub-300 fs pulses.     

Sub-20-fs pulses tunable across the visible from a blue-pumped single-pass noncollinear parametric converter

Femtosecond pulses with center wavelengths between 470 and 750 nm are generated in a single-stage type I BBO optical parametric amplifier pumped by a frequency-doubled 1-kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier. A high-quality white-light continuum is used as the seed. Pulse durations as short as 16 fs and pulse energies of as much as 11 microJ are observed. The quantum efficiency is ~25% for both 7- and 40-microJ pump pulses. This unique combination of ultrashort pulse duration and high conversion is made possible by noncollinear phase matching that permits a sufficiently large amplification bandwidth. Simultaneously the group velocities of the signal and the idler are effectively matched. As a result widely tunable sub-20-fs pulses can be generated in a nonlinear crystal as thick as 2 mm.     

High-power sub-100-fs UV pulse generation from a spectrally controlled KrF laser

High-power sub-100-fs UV pulses were generated from a KrF excimer laser by spectral control and chirped-pulse amplification. The spectral width was broadened to 1.6 nm, resulting in 72-fs, nearly transform-limited pulses. The average output powers at 1 kHz were 0.6 and 1.2 W for pulse widths of 72 and 110 fs, respectively.