Effect of Ce~(3+) on spectral characteristic of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex from spinach

In our early researches, lanthanum and cerium could enter plant and bind to porphyrin of chlorophyll to form Ln3+-chllorophyll. La and Ce greatly increase photosystem II (PSII) activity and PSII electron transport rate, and the fluorescence emission peaks of PSII are blue-shifted [1—4]. Do REEs coordinate with PSII reaction center complex in vivo? Moreover, do REEs coordinate with D1(30 kD)/D2(32 kD)/Cytb559 (~9 kD) reaction center complex of site of producing pri-mary reaction-p…     

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF D_1-D_2-Cyt.b_(559) COMPLEX WITH THE ACTIVITY OF DCIP PHOTOREDUCTION FROM BROAD BEAN LEAVES

A PSII reaction center complex consisting of three polypeptides, D_1, D_2 and Cyt. b_(559), was first purified from broad bean leaves. The complex was fairly active inDCIP photoreduction in the presence of DPC, and showed signal Ⅱs either in the dark or under illumination. The complex also contained manganese atoms. Its Mn~(2+)-EPR intensity decreased by about 40% under continuous illumination and recovered to the original level when the complex was transferred to the dark. The above results indicated that the complex reported here contains all of the PSII electron transport chain components from the secondary donor Z to the stable primary electron acceptor Q_A, and it is possible that the complex contains manganese binding sites. The alternation in dark and illumination can induce reversible valence changes of the manganese atoms in the purified complex.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and DNA Binding Properties of Dinuclear Copper（Ⅱ） Complex [Cu2（TATP）2（L-Leu）2（CIO4）2]2·2H2O

A dinuclear copper（Ⅱ） complex[Cu2（TATP）2（L-Leu）2（CIO4）2]2·2H2Owas synthesized and characterized, where, TATP=1,4,8,9-tetraazatriphenylene, and L-Leu=L-leucinate. The complex was crystallized in the triclinic space group P1, with two independent molecules in a unit cell. Two Cu（Ⅱ） ions in each complex [Cu2（TATP）2（L-Leu）2（CIO4）2] molecule were found to be in different coordination geometries, i.e., Cu2 or Cu4 of a distorted square-pyramidal geometry coordinated with two nitrogens of TATP, the amino nitrogen and one carboxylate oxygen of L-Leu and one oxygen of perchlorate, and Cul or Cu3 with an octahedral geometry coordinated with the above stated similar coordinated atoms, and another carboxylate oxygen of L-Leu coordinating to Cu2 or Cu4. The complex can interact with CT-DNA by an intercalative mode and cleave pBR322 DNA in the presence of ascorbate.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY（3,4-AZOPYRIDYLENE） AND OXYGEN-BINDING AFFINITY OF ITS COMPLEX WITH COBALTPORPHYRIN

Synthesis and characteristics of poly(3,4-azopyridylene) (PAP), conductivity and oxygen-binding affinity of its complex with meso-α,α,α,α-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinatocobalt(Ⅱ) (CoP) were studied. PAP was prepared by oxidative polymerization of 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) in DMF solution using CuCl/pyridine as the catalyst. IR and NMR results showed that the peak of amido group in DAP was converted to the azo group in PAP and a π conjugated polymer was synthesized. The average molecular weight of PAP was determined to be 5.0 × 103. The PAP-CoP complex was prepared by complexing the pyridyl group of PAP with the fifth coordination site of CoP in DMF solution. In comparison with the CoP complex with a non-π conjugated polymer, the PAP-CoP complex shows good electroconductivity of 5.8 × 10-6 Scm-1. The PAP-CoP complex displays a reversible change in the UV-Visible absorption spectrum from the deoxy form to the oxy or oxygen-binding one with an isosbestic point, in response to the partial oxygen pressure of the atmosphere. The oxygen-response behavior was monitored at the absorbance ascribed to the oxy form at 548 nm to give the oxygen-binding affinity.The oxygen-binding equilibrium curves of PAP-CoP complex obey a Langmuir isotherm. DMF has great effects on the oxygen-binding properties of the PAP-CoP complex. The oxygen-binding affinity of PAP-CoP complex in the solid state is higher than that in DMF solution. With decreasing temperature, the oxygen-binding affinity of the PAP-CoP complex increases.     

Theoretical Investigations on the Structures and Properties of the Side-on Complexes B_2(N_2)_2 and Monocyclic B_n(N_2)_n~m (n=3～6,m=-1～+2)

The structures and energies of the side-on complexes B2(N2)2 and monocyclic Bn(N2)nm (n = 3～6,m = -1～+2) between N2 (1∑+g) and B (2P) have been investigated by the DFT-B3LYP and MP2 methods at the 6-311+G(2d) and aug-cc-pVTZ levels. The analyses of NICS (Nucleus Independent Chemical Shifts),NBO (nature bond orbital),AIM (atoms in molecules) and frontal orbitals have been used to reveal the origin of coordination bond between the π-electron donor N2 group and B atom,accompanied by the comparison with the end-on complexes. The results have indicated that the side-on coordination complexes can be formed due to the relative strong fluidity of the π-electrons,and the nature of the coordination bond has been exposed to be that the N2 group offers 1πu electron to the 2p orbital of boron. The coordinate energies of the side-on complexes are less than those of the end-on complexes. Furthermore,the aromaticity of side-on coordination complex is weaker than that of the corresponding end-on coordination complex.     

Solution-reaction Calorimetric Study of Coordination Compounds of Rare Earth Perchlorates with Alanine and Imidazole

Introduction Since Anghileri firstly reported that complex of LaCl3 with glycine had the antitumor function in 1975,1 coordination compounds of rare earth with amino acid have attracted increasing attention.2-4 People have found that some compounds of rare earth with amino acids possess disinfection, elimination of inflammation, de-crease of the level of blood sugar and anti-cruor func-tions. Imidazole is a wreath compound, and presents unique biological activities. Ternary coordination com-…     

Preparation and mechanism of Fe_3O_4/Au core/shell super-paramagnetic microspheres

In the presence of Fe3O4 nano-particles, a new type of super-paramagnetic Fe3O4/Au microspheres with core/shell structures was prepared by reduction of Au3+ with hydroxylamine. The formation mechanism of the core/shell microspheres was studied in some detail. It was shown that the formation of the complex microspheres can be divided into two periods, that is, surface reaction-controlled process and diffusion-controlled process. The relative time lasted by either process depends upon the amount of Fe3O4 added and the initial concentration of Au3+. XPS analysis revealed that along with increasing in coating amount, the strength of the characteristic peaks of Au increased, and the Auger peaks of Fe weakened and even disappeared. Size distribution analysis showed that the core/shell microspheres are of an average diameter of 180 nm, a little bit larger than those before coating.     

Crystal structures of the complexes of rare earth picrates with N, N, N'''', N''''-tetraphenyl-3, 6-dioxaoctanediamide

The complexes of rare earth picrate with N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide(TDD),Eu(picc(TDD)] 2CH3CN and [ Y(pic)3(TDD)],have been synthesized.The crystal structures reveal that TDD at is as n tetradentate ligand,forming a ring-like coordination structure with its oxygen atoms together with one oxygen atom of the bidentate pterate In the Eu(Ⅲ) complex,the europium ion with a larger ionic radius lies out of the ring,while in the Y(Ⅲ) complex,the yttrium ion with a smaller ionic radius enters the cavity of the ligand.The structures of the complexes are greatly affected by the ionic radii due to participation of the picrates in coordination.     

Synthesis and Structure of Dibenzoyl-bissemicarbazone Neodymium(Ⅲ) Perchlorate

A new Schiff base Dibenzoyl-bissemicarbazone C15H16N6O2(L) and its complex with neodymium(Ⅲ ) perchlorate [NdL2(H2O)2](ClO4)3 were synthesized. The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic and conforms to space group P. with cell constants a=10. 893(2) A, b= 12. 118(3) A , c=22. 494(5) A , β=89. 86(3)% V = 2969.19A3. The final standard deviation R=0. 0919. In the complex Nd is coordinated by four nitrogen and six oxygen atoms, of which four nitrogen and four oxygen atoms are provided by two neutral ligands L, and the other two oxygen atoms are provided by two water molecules, forming a ten-coordinated complex cation, which the perchlorate groups exist in the outer sphere. The coordination polyhedron takes a bicapped anti-square prism arrangement. That the average bond length of Nd-N is 2. 735 A indicates that the coordination of N in groups to Nd( Ⅲ ) is very weak.     

Theoretical Investigation on the Geometries and Properties of Guanine-BX3 （X = F, Cl） Complex

Geometries and binding energies were predicted at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level for the guanine-BX3 (X = F, Cl) systems and four isomers with no imaginary frequencies have been obtained for both guanine-BF3 and guanine-BCl3, respectively. Single energy calculations using much larger basis sets (6-311+G(2df,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ were carried out as well. It was found that the most stable isomer of guanine-BF3 is BF3 connected to N3 of guanine with the stabilization energy of –19.93 kcal/mol (BSSE corrected), while that of guanine-BCl3 is BCl3 connected to O10 of guanine having stabilization energy of –15.02 kcal/mol at the same level. The analyses for the combining interaction between BX3 and guanine with the atom-in-molecules theory (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) methods have been performed. The results indicated that all the isomers are formed with σ-p type interactions between guanine and BX3, in which pyridine-type nitrogen or carbonyl oxygen or nitrogen atom of amino group offers its lone pair electrons to the empty p orbital of boron atom and the concomitance of charge transfer from guanine to BX3 has occurred. Still, one or two hydrogen bonds exist in some isomers of guanine-BX3 system and contribute to the stability of complex systems. Frequency analysis suggested that the stretching vibration of BX3 undergoes a red shift in complexes. Guanine-BF3 complex is more stable than guanine-BCl3 although the B–Y (Y=N, O) bond distance in the latter is shorter.     

Effect of Ce<Superscript>3+</Superscript> on spectral characteristic of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex from spinach

It was studied by spectroscopy that PSII reaction center complex consisting of three polypeptides, D₁, D₂ and Cytb559, were purified from PSII particle of CeCl₃ treated spinach. The results of the experiment show that Ce³⁺ could improve the growth of spinach, and accelerate electron transport of PSII particles. Of chl-a of UV-Vis spectrum of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex, Soret band was blue-shifted by 3 nm and Q band by 2 nm, respectively, and the fluorescence emission peak was blue-shifted by 5 nm in CeCl₃-treated spinach compared with the one in control. By the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy methods, it has been found that Ce³⁺ is coordinated with 8 nitrogen atoms in the first coordination shell with Ce-N bond length of 0.253 nm, and Ce³⁺ with 6 oxygen atoms in the second coordination shell with Ce-O bond length of 0.32 nm. However, the secondary structure of D1/D2/Cytb559 complex by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy has no significant change after CeCl₃ treated. It might be that Ce³⁺ binds to porphyrin rings of chlorophyll and oxygen of amino acid residue of polypeptide in D1/D2/Cytb559 complex, and then accelerates the primary reaction of PSII, intensifies function of P680⁺ primary electron donor of D1/D2/Cytb559, but there is little change in conformation of PSII reaction center complex.     

Promotion of nano-anatase TiO2 on the spectral responses and photochemical activities of D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex of spinach

Previous researches approved that photocatalysis activity of nano-TiO₂ could obviously increase photosynthetic effects of spinach, but the mechanism of improving light energy transfer and conversion is still unclear. In the present we investigated effects of nano-anatase TiO₂ on the spectral responses and photochemical activities of D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex of spinach. Several effects of nano-anatase TiO₂ were observed: (1) UV–vis spectrum was blue shifted in both Soret and Q bands, and the absorption intensity was obviously increased; (2) resonance Raman spectrum showed four main peaks, which are ascribed to carotene, and the Raman peak intensity was as 6.98 times as that of the control; (3) the fluorescence emission peak was blue shifted and the intensity was decreased by 23.59%; (4) the DCPIP photoreduction activity showed 129.24% enhancement; (5) the oxygen-evolving rate of PS II was elevated by 51.89%. Taken together, the studies of the experiments showed that nano-anatase TiO₂ had bound to D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex, promoted the spectral responses, leading to the improvement of primary electron separation, electron transfer and light energy conversion of D1/D2/Cyt b559 complex.     

La3OCl[AsO3]2: Ein Lanthan‐Oxidchlorid‐Oxoarsenat(III) mit “lone‐pair”‐Kanalstruktur

La₃OCl[AsO₃]₂: A Lanthanum Oxide Chloride Oxoarsenate(III) with a “Lone‐Pair” Channel Structure La₃OCl[AsO₃]₂ was prepared by the solid‐state reaction between La₂O₃ and As₂O₃ using LaCl₃ and CsCl as fluxing agents in evacuated silica ampoules at 850 °C. The colourless crystals with pillar‐shaped habit crystallize tetragonally (a = 1299.96(9), c = 558.37(5) pm, c/a = 0.430) in the space group P4₂/mnm (no. 136) with four formula units per unit cell. The crystal structure contains two crystallographically different La³⁺ cations. (La1)³⁺ is coordinated by six oxygen atoms and two chloride anions in the shape of a bicapped trigonal prism (CN = 8), whereas (La2)³⁺ carries eight oxygen atoms and one Cl^? anion arranged in the shape of tricapped trigonal prism (CN = 9). The isolated pyramidal [AsO₃]^3? anions (d(As–O) = 175–179 pm) consist of three oxygen atoms (O2 and two O3), which surround the As³⁺ cations together with the free, non‐binding electron pair (lone pair) Ψ¹‐tetrahedrally (?(O–As–O) = 95°, 3×). One of the three crystallographically independent oxygen atoms (O1), however, is exclusively coordinated by four (La2)³⁺ cations in the shape of a real tetrahedron (d(O–La) = 236 pm, 4×). These [(O1)(La2)₄]¹⁰⁺ tetrahedra form endless chains in the direction of the c axis through trans‐edge condensation. Empty channels, constituted by the lone‐pair electrons of the Cl^? anions and the As³⁺ cations in the Ψ¹‐tetrahedral oxoarsenate(III) anions [AsO₃]^3?, run parallel to [001] as well.     

Rb3LnCl6 · 2 H2O (Ln = La?Nd): Darstellung,Kristallstruktur und thermisches Verhalten

Rb₃LnCl₆ · 2 H₂O (Ln = La? Nd): Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Behaviour The compounds Rb₃LnCl₆ · 2 H₂O (Ln = La? Nd) were prepared from acetic acid as powders. The preparation from aqueous solutions does not yield the pure products because RbCl precipitates as first compound. The structure of Rb₃LaCl₆ · 2 H₂O was determined by X-ray analysis of a single crystal obtained from aqueous solution. The compounds with Ln = La? Nd are isotypic. They crystallize hexagonally in the space group P6₃/m (Rb₃LaCl₆ · 2 H₂O: a = 1 220.4(2) pm, c = 1 688.6(3) (pm) with Z = 6. Anionic trimeric units [Ln₃Cl₁₂(H₂O)₆]^3? are stacked along the c-axis over the corners of the unit cell. In the stacking frequency the units are rotated by 60° with respect to each other around the c-axis. The coordination number (C. N.) of Ln³⁺ is 8, which is satisfied by four bridging and two terminal chloride ions and two water molecules. The coordination spheres of the three rubidium ions in the different atomic positions are composed differently, their C.N. are 9, 8(+1) and 6(+6). The thermal dehydration of the compounds occurs in one step. The hydrates decompose at ca. 100°C to form the anhydrous compounds Rb₂LnCl₅ und RbCl since the anhydrous chlorides Rb₃LnCl₆ are thermodynamically stable above ca. 400°C only.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of heteronuclear La( III )‐Cu(II ) complex { [LaCu2(NTA)2(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)3]NO3·5H2O}n

A novel La( III )‐Cu( II ) heterometallic coordination polymer {[LaCu₂(NTA)₂(4,4′‐bpy)(H₂O)₃]NO₃·5H₂O]_n, where H₃NTA denotes nitrilotriacetic acid and 4,4′‐bpy denotes 4, 4‐bipyridine, was synthesized and characterized by IR spectrum, elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pi with cell parameters a = 1.33710(10) nm, b = 1,44530(10) nm, c =1.0949(2) nm, α = 71.905(7)°, β = 74.327(7)°, γ = 64.427(9)°, V = 1.7912(4) nm³and Z = 2. It consists of heterometallic units, in which each La( II ) ion is coordinated in a distorted monocapped square antiprism by three oxygen atoms from water molecules and six carboxyl oxygen atoms from five NTA^3? ions, and each Cu( I ) ion is coordinated by one nitrogen atom from 4,4′‐bpy and one nitrogen atom, three oxygen atoms from NTA^3?. In the title complex, La( I ) ions and Cu( II ) ions are connected by the heterometallic bridging of NTA^3?, constructing a two‐dimensional network structure along the [110]. And it is extended into an infinite three‐dimensional network structure by the formation of homometallic bridging of Cu‐4, 4′‐bpy‐Cu, exhibiting a certain inclusion ability.     

Blue‐shifted and red‐shifted hydrogen bonds: Theoretical study of the CH3CHO· · ·HNO complexes

The blue‐shifted and red‐shifted H‐bonds have been studied in complexes CH₃CHO…HNO. At the MP2/6‐31G(d), MP2/6‐31+G(d,p) MP2/6‐311++G(d,p), B3LYP/6‐31G(d), B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) levels, the geometric structures and vibrational frequencies of complexes CH₃CHO…HNO are calculated by both standard and CP‐corrected methods, respectively. Complex A exhibits simultaneously red‐shifted C? H…O and blue‐shifted N? H…O H‐bonds. Complex B possesses simultaneously two blue‐shifted H‐bonds: C? H…O and N? H…O. From NBO analysis, it becomes evident that the red‐shifted C? H…O H‐bond can be explained on the basis of the two opposite effects: hyperconjugation and rehybridization. The blue‐shifted C? H…O H‐bond is a result of conjunct C? H bond strengthening effects of the hyperconjugation and the rehybridization due to existence of the significant electron density redistribution effect. For the blue‐shifted N? H…O H‐bonds, the hyperconjugation is inhibited due to existence of the electron density redistribution effect. The large blue shift of the N? H stretching frequency is observed because the rehybridization dominates the hyperconjugation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

La4B14O27: Ein Lanthan‐ultra‐Oxoborat mit Raumnetzstruktur

La₄B₁₄O₂₇: A Lanthanum ultra‐Oxoborate with a Framework Structure Single crystals of La₄B₁₄O₂₇ could be synthesized by the reaction of La₂O₃, LaCl₃ and B₂O₃ with an access of CsCl as fluxing agent in gastightly sealed platinum ampoules within twenty days at 710 °C and appear as colourless, transparent and waterresistant platelets. The new lanthanum oxoborate La₄B₁₄O₂₇ (monoclinic, C2/c; a = 1120.84(9), b = 641.98(6), c = 2537.2(2) pm, β = 100.125(8)°; Z = 4) is built of a three‐dimensional boron‐oxygen framework containing seven crystallographically different boron atoms. Four of these B³⁺ cations are surrounded by four O^2? anions tetrahedrally, whereas the other three have only three oxygen neighbours with nearly plane triangular coordination figures. Three of the [BO₄]^5? tetrahedra form [B₃O₉]^9? rings by cyclic vertex‐condensation, which are further linked via [BO₃]^3? units to infinite layers. Two of these layers connect via one [B₂O₇]^8? unit of two corner‐shared [BO₄]^5? tetrahedra to double layers, which themselves build up a three‐dimensional framework together with chains consisting of two [BO₄]^5? tetrahedra and one [BO₃]^3? triangle. One of the two crystallographically independent La³⁺ cations (La1) is surrounded by ten O^2? anions and resides within the oxoborate double layers. (La2)³⁺ shows a (8+2)‐fold coordination of O^2? anions and occupies channels along the [110] direction.     

Crystallographic Evidence for Direct Metal–Metal Bonding in a Stable Open‐Shell La2@Ih‐C80 Derivative

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have novel structures and properties that are closely associated with the internal metallic species. Benzyl radical additions have been previously shown to form closed‐shell adducts by attaching an odd number of addends to open‐shell EMFs (such as Sc₃C₂@I_h‐C₈₀) whereas an even number of groups are added to closed‐shell EMFs (for example Sc₃N@I_h‐C₈₀). Herein we report that benzyl radical addition to the closed‐shell La₂@I_h‐C₈₀ forms a stable, open‐shell monoadduct instead of the anticipated closed‐shell bisadduct. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction results show the formation of a stable radical species. In this species, the La?La distance is comparable to the theoretical value of a La?La covalent bond and is shorter than reported values for other La₂@I_h‐C₈₀ derivatives, providing unambiguous evidence for the formation of direct La?La bond.