Novel optical sensor for simultaneous measurement of liquid concentration and temperature

The paper describes a new optical sensor for simultaneous liquid concentration and temperature measurement. Temperature-dependent semiconductor absorption at the band edge is used as the principle of the temperature measurement, and the sensor exploits beam deviation caused by refraction due to the liquid concentration at the receiving end face of the optical device. The light intensity peak value and its deviation are detected by a charge-coupled device (CCD), and then the measured optical signal is reflected by a reflecting pyramid prism. The sensor probe is composed of an intrinsically pure GaAs single crystal, a reflecting pyramid prism, a partitioned water cell. Theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.     

基于洛伦兹线型极光的上层大气风场探测模式研究

从洛伦兹线型极光的干涉强度、调制度与光程差的理论公式出发,用λ/4的步进光程差即“四强度法”获得一个波长范围内的4个干涉强度值,以实现基于洛伦兹线型极光的上层大气的风速、温度、压强等物理量的探测。提出用改形萨尼亚克成像干涉仪替代迈克耳孙干涉仪实现上层大气风场,给出了基准光程差的公式,并用四面角锥棱镜镀膜技术获得4个干涉强度值来同时探测上层大气风场的模式。最后在实验室将Kr灯557.0nm调整光束到一定宽度,对称地从顶角为60°的两面镀膜角锥棱镜的顶点入射,用768pixel×576pixel的CCD照相机接收到两个光斑的成像,这两个光斑的再复制就得到镀膜四面角锥棱镜在一个周期内的4个干涉强度光斑,从而获得上层大气风场。     

基于镀膜四面角锥棱镜技术的上层大气风场探测研究

阐述了“镀膜四面角锥棱镜（coating pyramid prism, CPP）”技术探测上层大气风场的原理,提出可以在四面角锥棱镜的4个面上分别按λ/4（λ波长）的步进光程差递增镀增透膜,同时获得一个干涉条纹中的4个强度值,实现上层大气风场的探测模式.对该模式下的相关参数进行了理论计算并得出结论：四面角锥棱镜的顶角必须大于24°、宽度为8mm的对称光束入射到CPP顶点能满足LF7玻璃上镀MgF₂增透膜以实现大气风场探测的要 求.按9°×9°干涉仪视场和CCD4.5°×4.5°视场设计了干涉仪前后的光路,用CCD照相机并调 节定标光源Kr灯557.0nm到所需光束宽度进行了模拟实验,分别得到顶角为60°和９０°的 两面镀膜棱镜在CCD上的两个干涉光斑,这两个光斑再复制即可获得CPP的4个干涉光斑,从 而证实了CPP技术探测上层大气风场的可行性.该模式发展了被动探测上层大气风场的光学遥 感探测技术. 关键词： 四面角锥棱镜 镀膜 上层大气风场 探测     

四通道可见光光谱相机的设计

随着光谱技术的发展，多光谱相机在农业、医疗、机器视觉、遥感探测等领域都得到了广泛的应用。提出一款小型化四通道可见光波段的多光谱相机，尺寸为107 mm×110 mm×74 mm，质量1 043 g，适合搭载在小型化无人机上进行遥感探测。相机系统采用棱镜分光光路设计方案，避免光程差和光轴偏移；设计开发的四通道可见光多光谱相机，采用一个FPGA控制器同时驱动4个图像传感器，实现4个通道像素级同步采集，曝光完全一致。实验结果显示:在红、绿、蓝3个特定波段及全波段相机可实时输出图像，既可输出某个特定波段图像(60 fps)，也可同时输出4个波段图像(15 fps)，有利于多波段图像同步采集，以及多光谱图像融合的研究。     

海水盐度和温度实时检测的新型光纤传感器研究

提出了一种新颖的用于海水温度和盐度同时实时探测的光纤传感器系统。分别利用半导体材料吸收光谱的临界极限值随温度变化发生移动而导致出射光强改变的特性和待测液体盐度变化引起传输光折射角改变导致接收端光线偏移的性质，通过反射式的结构设计和线阵排列的接收光纤信号传输至海面以上，并由CCD实现对光强峰值信号及其偏移量的采集。传感器由一直角棱镜、本征GaAs单晶体薄片、装有参考液和待测液的水槽、接收光纤阵列等部分组成。理论分析和仿真结果验证了传感器设计的可行性。     

Crosstalk elimination in multi-view autostereoscopic display based on polarized lenticular lens array

An autostereoscopic display composed of a directional backlight,an image display panel,a striped half-wave plate,and a polarized lenticular lens array is proposed.The directional backlight emitting the parallel light can redirect the cones of light to lenticular lens array and reduce the chromatic spatial-interference effect.The striped half-wave plate,located in front of the image display panel,transformed the polarization direction of the lights from the directional backlight into two mutually perpendicular directions.The polarized lenticular lens array not only can divide the light from the left and right view images to send to left and right eyes but also can reduce the crosstalk of the stereoscopic images.The proposed autostereoscopic display can produce high quality stereoscopic images without crosstalk at the optimal viewing distance.     

The influences of the wavelength bandwidth on the measured wind velocity and temperature in the static polarization wind imaging interferometer

The static polarization wind imaging interferometer (SPWII) is a device used to measure wind velocity and temperature of the upper atmosphere. In this paper, the principle of SPWII is expounded. Using the four-side pyramid prism and polarizer array, four intensity interferograms of different phase differences form on the four subareas of the CCD which is located at the focal plane of the imaging lens. The wind velocity and temperature can be derived from the interferograms. Using the approximation and the antitheses, we analyze the influences of the wavelength bandwidth on the measured wind velocity and atmospheric temperature. According to the design requirements of the SPWII, the errors of the wind velocity and the atmospheric temperature are less than 5 m/s and 5 K when the incident wavelength bandwidth is in the range of [?3.08, 3.08] nm. The range is estimated and verified by simulations. These results are helpful for the realization and data processing of the SPWII.     

Geometrical optics analysis for reduction of trapezoidal image distortion in a single prism-based optical fingerprint scanner

A single prism-based optical fingerprint scanner structure is mathematically analyzed by using geometrical optics approach. Important parameters including a tilting angle of the fingerprint accepting plane, a geometrical-optic distant difference, a trapezoidal image distortion, an object compression ratio, and an orientation of a two-dimensional image sensor are formulated for the first time in terms of all three angles of the prism and the prism material. In addition, based on our mathematical model, we propose to design all three angles of the prism in such a way that the plane accepting the fingertip observed from one side of the prism is normal to the optical axis of the system. In this way, the imaging plane is perpendicular to the optical axis, eliminating the trapezoidal image distortion and leading to ease of implementation. Experimental verification using three commercially available dispersion prisms made from three different glass materials and one prism based on our design concept shows that a prism with higher refractive index provides lower trapezoidal image distortion. The experimental data generally obeys our theoretical analysis.     

基于硅基液晶微显示立体投影光学引擎的设计

从平衡两路图像对比度的角度,采用双硅基液晶(LCoS)芯片设计了一种实用的微型立体投影光学引擎。光学引擎中双LCoS芯片分别用于调制左右眼的图像,一个白光LED作为投影光源,两个标准的MacNeille偏振分光棱镜(PBS)用于产生两路偏振方向相互垂直的高偏振度光束。整个引擎设计简单,结构紧凑,其尺寸约为105mm×28mm×25mm。测量了本设计中光学引擎的各部件的实际参数值,根据所测量的数据通过理论计算得到:左右两光路的对比度完全平衡且均为64…1,光效率均为3.61%,整机的光通量为20lm。     

新颖的微流控电调谐空间光开关

提出了一种微流控电调谐非机械空间光开关器件,该器件的基本形式为“光输入阵列+光交换空间+光输出阵列”的结构,采用“水/油/水”液体棱镜作为偏光控制单元.在特定电压范围（30~110 V）内,通过电润湿效应作用的液体棱镜光束偏转角可在约－15°~15°之间连续可调.由此可构造多种平面甚至立体光开关阵列.     

车载光电系统电视摄像机光学系统设计及杂散光分析

设计了一款双视场电视摄像机,小视场用于对目标的跟踪,大视场用于捕获和观察目标,两视场光学系统的传递函数MTF在50 lp/mm频率处均大于0.6,点列斑直径均小于像元尺寸5.5 μm,畸变均小于0.1%。两视场共用一个面阵CCD成像器件,通过分光棱镜分光。由于在该光学系统中分光棱镜表面反射会产生杂散光,形成鬼像。因此,利用LightTools软件对系统进行了杂散光的仿真分析。分析结果表明:大视场的半视场角在5.7°～7.6°之间和小视场的半视场角在2.6°～3.5°之间的入射光线被分光棱镜下表面反射后,以及小视场的半视场角在-2.7°～-3.5°之间的入射光线被分光棱镜后表面反射后, 变成杂散光,聚焦到像面, 形成鬼像,采用在分光棱镜后方设置消杂光光栏的方法来抑制杂散光。验证结果表明,仿真分析准确,提出的消杂光措施有效。     

全混洗交换Omega互连网络的光学实现

本文提出了一种由左、右全混洗和空间光开关列阵组成的等效Omega网络;成功地设计了一种实现全混洗互连的低损耗,等程的光学组合棱镜.由两块光学组合棱镜和空间光开关列阵组合成的光学系统实现了全混洗交换光学互连网络,该光学互连网络已在实验中得到了证实.     

基于图像处理的光学谐振腔自准直研究方法

针对我国氧碘化学激光器输出能量不断提高的情况下,主要限制光束质量的因素之一是出光过程中的光腔失调,提出了一种基于图像处理的光学谐振腔自准直研究方法。该研究方法利用氦氖穿腔光通过凹腔镜中心孔,并在凸腔镜后方放置工业相机,在屏幕上方形成一个干涉同心圆环。通过借助OpenCV库中二值化、霍夫圆检测等图像处理的方法,获得干涉同心圆环的圆心坐标,再通过以圆心为中心将图像分成上下左右四个部分,通过判断这四部分亮点像素的数量差值来预估干涉同心圆环的偏移状态,进而获得空腔条件下光学谐振腔发生变化的理论判据。实验结果表明,该方法可以获得相当精准的光学谐振腔失调判据,其失调判据选取左右亮点像素差值30000,上下亮点像素差值45000,为今后失调判据与步进电机自动调腔的结合做好充足的准备。     

静态偏振风成像干涉仪中光在四面角锥棱镜中的传播规律研究

简述了自行设计的新型静态偏振风成像干涉仪的原理和四面角锥棱镜的分光机理;应用光线追迹法,推导出了主截面内任意光线在棱镜中的传播方向及出射点坐标,建立了平行光束经角锥棱镜后的偏向角和透过率的理论表达式;采用计算机模拟给出了偏向角和透过率随入射角的变化关系曲线;根据静态偏振风成像干涉仪的具体参数确定了四面角锥棱镜的侧面和底面夹角以及底边长度.该研究为静态偏振风成像干涉仪的研制提供了理论依据.     

Optical design for enhanced prism type fingerprint scanner image contrast with asymmetrical aspheric lens

The design of optical prism fingerprint scanner with aspheric lens is researched. We propose a modified structure for optical prism fingerprint scanner, which has an asymmetrical aspheric lens on the output plane. It is numerically shown under elliptic valley similar fingerprint model that the optical image qualities of such a scanner are better than the scanner with symmetrical aspheric lens. When the fingerprint range is 15 mm, the results show that the minimum image contrast is 0.49 for an optical prism with asymmetrical aspheric lens, much better than a symmetrical aspheric lens with 0.20. The relative illumination variation is from 0.62 to 1.00 for optical prism with asymmetrical aspheric lens, and for the symmetrical aspheric lens it is 0.35 to 1.00. We conclude that an optical prism with asymmetrical aspheric lens is better than an optical prism with symmetrical aspheric lens.     

High-speed spectrally resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy

We present a spectrally resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy that is capable of performing fast 2-dimensional (2-D) spectral measurements of fluorescent samples with optical sectioning. One galvanometer mirror is used to scan the array of excitation foci across the sample along one direction (x) for two-photon excitation. Fluorescence emission from the excited lines on the sample is spectrally fanned out with a prism along the y direction, and a CCD array is used to acquire the spectrally resolved image. Another galvanometer mirror scans the excitation foci lines along the y direction step by step to obtain 3-dimensional (3-D) spectral data cube of the sample. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed with fluorescent microspheres of different colors. Spectrally resolved images of 512×512 pixels can be obtained by acquiring only 128 raw images when a 4×4 excitation foci array is used.     

一种多棱镜组合设计优化图像干涉性能的新方法

为了在不影响干涉条纹成像质量的基础上通过增大双折射棱镜结构角的方法获得更细致的光谱成分,优化设计了双折射棱镜的结构.通过计算分束角与结构角之间的函数关系,分析得知在传统双折射棱镜后附加一个与第二个楔形同性质的等腰三角形棱镜,使出射棱镜的o光和e光平行于光轴,即分束角α为0°,从而干涉条纹的成像不再受分束角的变化所影响....     

Birefringent prism based Fourier transform spectrometer

This paper presents the design of a rugged and compact Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) utilizing a birefringent prism, a pair of polarizers and a linear CCD array. This design improves on existing FTS by eliminating moving parts and spreading the optical path difference (OPD) spatially (rather than temporal scanning), making the system smaller, more reliable, and dramatically reducing measurement times. Both the theoretical models for the design and experimental results of the prototype are presented. The optical performance is tested using LEDs of known wavelengths, with the fringe counting technique employed during interferogram acquisition to ensure accurate sampling of the interferogram at constant OPD intervals. Reconstructing the spectra showed that the detected wavelengths deviated from the actual wavelengths by less than 1 nm.     

锥形光纤两端直径比与数值孔径的关系

锥形光纤不仅能传光,而且在传光过程中能将光束口径缩小或扩大。但由于锥度的影响,锥形光纤的集光能力低于普通圆柱形光纤。本文利用棱镜展开原理研究了锥度与集光能力间的关系,得出了对设计或选用锥形光纤有指导意义的结论。     

基于加工公差约束的自由曲面棱镜设计

自由曲面棱镜是轻型头盔显示系统的核心光学器件,其巧妙的设计以及精密的加工方法历来备受研究者的关注。目前有关自由曲面棱镜的研究主要集中于视场角和成像质量上,而忽略了公差设计,尤其是加工误差对棱镜的影响。针对这一现象,在详细分析了自由曲面棱镜的加工误差来源之后,提出了基于公差约束的自由曲面棱镜优化设计方法,以保证在加工精度允许的前提下得到最佳的成像质量。通过光学仿真实验及成像质量分析,验证了该方法的有效性。