光学元件失调对光腔衰荡高反射率测量影响的理论分析

在利用光反馈光腔衰荡技术测量大口径光学元件反射率及其均匀性分布时,需要对光学元件进行二维扫描测量,而在扫描过程中光学元件的倾斜失调将对测量结果造成影响.本文根据失调谐振腔光束传输增广矩阵,通过数值运算模拟了在对称共焦腔和一般稳定腔情况下,光反馈衰荡腔结构中由样品倾斜失调引起的输出腔镜上光斑中心位置变化以及对反射率测量的...     

光学元件失调对光腔衰荡高反射率测量影响的理论分析

在利用光反馈光腔衰荡技术测量大口径光学元件反射率及其均匀性分布时,需要对光学元件进行二维扫描测量,而在扫描过程中光学元件的倾斜失调将对测量结果造成影响.本文根据失调谐振腔光束传输增广矩阵,通过数值运算模拟了在对称共焦腔和一般稳定腔情况下,光反馈衰荡腔结构中由样品倾斜失调引起的输出腔镜上光斑中心位置变化以及对反射率测量的影响.仿真结果表明:对称共焦腔情况下,输出腔镜上奇数次光斑无漂移,偶数次光斑漂移量为固定值|在一般稳定腔情况下,输出腔镜上奇偶数次光斑均往复振荡漂移.分析表明,该系统对样品失调角度的敏感程度与样品在腔内的位置以及腔长有关,通过改变样品在腔内位置,选择适当腔长以及包络拟合法可以减小样品失调对测量结果的影响.     

微环谐振腔集成波导光延时线研究

从波导微环谐振腔的光场传输函数出发,推导出其延时响应函数,分析了微环波导损耗对其延时响应特性的影响,发现应用于光学相控阵天线系统的微环谐振腔光延时线必须工作于过耦合状态,即耦合系数κ与微环波导损耗因子γ应满足关系式κ(1-γ)。以延时抖动品质因子ε为判据,建立了微环谐振腔光延时线的优化设计方法,获得了目标延时为0.6 ns,延时带宽为2 GHz,延时抖动品质因子小于1×10~(-3)ns~2的四环级联波导微环谐振腔光延时线的优化结构参数。     

带高斯镜的热透镜谐振腔的光腔特性及动力学稳定性

建立了带高斯镜的热透镜谐振腔的光学矩阵，分析了谐振腔的稳定性条件及腔内高斯光束的传输特征，通过研究光腔特征参数随热透镜变化的动力学特征，探讨了此类谐振腔的动力学稳定性。     

氧碘化学激光器谐振腔腔镜失调测量与研究

 为保证氧碘化学激光器谐振腔的腔镜失调测量结果的可靠性和准确性，建立了使用自准直仪间接测量腔镜失调的方法。测量结果表明，热辐射是引起腔镜失调并造成光束漂移的主要原因，通过采取措施，可以使腔镜失调明显减小。同时证明了该测量方法是可靠的、合理的。     

无衍射光莫尔条纹的中心定位方法

无衍射光莫尔条纹被广泛应用在精密测量领域中，实现无衍射光莫尔条纹中心的精确定位是高精度测量的关键。通过对无衍射光莫尔条纹图像特征进行分析，提出了一种无衍射光莫尔条纹的中心定位方法。该方法首先根据光强分布特征，提取莫尔条纹图像中两光斑中心局部同心圆区域；然后进行局部同心圆环检测，确定初始圆心集；再对初始圆心集进行聚类分析确定两光斑中心的初始位置；最后删除异常点并迭代求取两光斑中心较精确的位置，实现无衍射光莫尔条纹两光斑中心的定位目的。理论和实验结果表明该方法能快速、准确地同时确定两光斑中心位置，且误差小于1 pixel。     

基于Filmstar软件的Yb:YAG激光器谐振腔镀膜设计

从光学谐振腔阈值条件的推导出发,利用光学薄膜设计软件Filmstar为谐振腔的左右腔镜各设计了两种光学薄膜,使1 030.5 nm~1 055.5 nm波段连续可调谐的Yb:YAG激光器实现了工作状态的最优化。针对左右腔镜,对设计方案所得结果进行了比较,并分析了方案的可行性。结果表明,左腔镜两设计方案与优化目标的差距均小于1.15%;右腔镜两设计方案与优化目标的差距均小于0.05%,本文设计为激光器谐振腔的腔镜镀膜提供了可靠的理论依据。     

用声光调制器实现的1 W Nd∶YAG单纵模环形激光器

鉴于单向环形腔是目前获得较大功率单纵模激光最有效的方式之一,为使环形腔单向运行,需要在环形腔内插入对正反2个方向的光产生损耗差的光学元件。采用激光二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG晶体,用声光调制器作为光学二极管使环形腔单向运行,实现四镜矩形环形腔单纵模激光器。实验中谐振腔的稳定性由增益介质的热透镜保证,声光调制器给正反2个方向的光提供损耗差,这使得在竞争过程中有较大损耗的光不能运行从而获得单向输出。实验获得了连续功率1 W、光束质量因子M2为1.21 的1.06 m单纵模激光。     

掺杂铌酸锂双相位共轭镜光学谐振腔的最佳抽运比

在强抽运条件下建立了光折变双相位共轭镜光学谐振腔的稳态强度公式,研究了输出功率同两个相位共轭镜的抽运功率之比的关系.调节该比值可使光腔两端各自的和总的输出功率分别达到最大.用Ce:LiNbO_(?),单晶和He-Ne激光构成了光折变双相位共轭镜光学谐振腔.实验值与理论值基本符合. 关键词：     

衰荡腔测量中的腔参数选择

 基于谐振腔失调灵敏度参量随腔长的变化关系，提出了一种衰荡腔，它是由共焦腔将腔长缩短为原来的0.73得到的稳定腔。根据光束传输规律和失调腔矩阵方法，以及光腔衰荡法测量原理和曲线拟合方法，建立了腔长、腔镜角度失调下光腔衰荡法的反射率测量模型。通过数值模拟，研究了这种稳定衰荡腔中，腔微小失调对反射率测量结果的影响，并与相同失调情况下共焦衰荡腔的测量结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，这种稳定腔用作衰荡腔，测量结果受腔镜角度失调影响较大，而受腔长失调影响小；其长度较短，便于工程应用；衍射损耗较小，测量精度高。     

Waveform Measurement of Ultra-Short Optical Pulses Based on Two-Photon Absorption in Si-Image Sensor

We demonstrate a novel waveform mesurement system of ultra-short optical pulses based on the two-photon absorption process in a Si-image sensor. Using an interferometer with a tilt mirror in the reference path, the relative time difference between the signal and reference pulses is spatially distributed on the Si-image sensor, so the intensity auto-correlation is monitored as an image at a time without using moving parts. This system can create or remove an interference fringe pattern overlapped on the auto-correlation image by controlling the polarization states of the laser pulse, which is useful for measuring the crossing angle between the signal and reference beams as well as avoiding contamination of the interference fringe into the auto-correlation image. We successfully measured optical pulses less than 100 fs from a fiber ring laser with a temporal resolution of 0.4 fs. The obtained waveform agreed well with that observed with a conventional second harmonic generation (SHG) based auto-correlator.     

Nanometer-scale displacement sensing using self-mixing interferometry with a correlation-based signal processing technique

A self-mixing interferometer is proposed to measure nanometre-scale optical path length changes in the interferometer’s external cavity. As light source, the developed technique uses a blue emitting GaN laser diode. An external reflector, a silicon mirror, driven by a piezo nanopositioner is used to produce an interference signal which is detected with the monitor photodiode of the laser diode. Changing the optical path length of the external cavity introduces a phase difference to the interference signal. This phase difference is detected using a signal processing algorithm based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient and cubic spline interpolation techniques. The results show that the average deviation between the measured and actual displacements of the silicon mirror is 3.1 nm in the 0–110 nm displacement range. Moreover, the measured displacements follow linearly the actual displacement of the silicon mirror. Finally, the paper considers the effects produced by the temperature and current stability of the laser diode as well as dispersion effects in the external cavity of the interferometer. These reduce the sensor’s measurement accuracy especially in long-term measurements.     

基于图像边沿特征的强激光腔镜准直处理方法

 激光束光路自动准直系统用于高功率激光装置光束精密准直。基于某激光原型装置总体对腔镜准直调整流程,针对高功率激光系统腔镜准直过程光斑图像,仿真处理并定量分析了光斑边缘特征;结合腔镜准直监测单元光传输分析,使用激光光斑边缘不同部分曲率的相似性和光斑圆形度实现了对腔镜调节的量化评估。在腔镜准直结束时圆形度指标为12.222;边缘相似度达到99.62%。     

光学玻璃弹性模量的自动化测量方法

针对现有光学玻璃弹性模量测量周期长、测量过程复杂等问题，提出了一种利用计算机图像处理技术快速测量小样品光学平板玻璃弹性模量的方法。基于接触力学理论和牛顿环干涉原理推导出测量光学玻璃弹性模量的解析式，利用图像处理技术的优势，通过摄像头拍摄牛顿环干涉图像，设计MFC监控与单张图片拍摄界面程序，自动测量牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑半径，最后根据光学玻璃弹性模量与牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑半径及牛顿环中心应力之间的关联关系，实现小样品光学玻璃弹性模量的快速测量。实验结果表明:在应力31.17 N～55.11 N范围内，光学玻璃弹性模量的测量相对误差不超过±8.8%；在应力55.11 N～71.07 N范围内，测量相对误差不超过±16%。     

Output characteristics of right angle cone mirror cavity laser

The anti-misalignment stability and output characteristics of the right angle cone cavity laser are experimentally studied. When the misalignment angle of the cone mirror turns to 46.8 minutes, the single-pulse output energy of the plano-cone cavity laser decreases 24% and the near-field beam patterns have little change; as for the beam directional stability, when the measuring place stands 3.12 m in front of the output mirror, the near-field beam patterns of the plano-cone laser are located at the primary places until the misalignment angle of the cone mirror turns to 18 minutes. These results show that the plano-cone cavity laser has better performances in comparison with the plano-concave cavity laser. The analytical results of the mode instrument are also obtained, which show that the near-field beam intensity distribution of the plano-cone mirror cavity laser is near to the plane wave.     

Morphological impulsive noise removal based on multi scale dual hit-or-miss transforms

Impulsive noise removal is an active research area in optical signal processing. Morphological operators have been tried for impulsive noise removal. However, the performance is not very effective. Dual hit-or-miss transforms could identify the protruding bright or dark pixels like impulsive noise pixels in image, which may be used to construct effective algorithm for impulsive noise removal. In this paper, an algorithm based on the multi scale dual hit-or-miss transforms is demonstrated. Firstly, the positive impulsive noise pixels, which are bright pixels, are identified by multi scale hit-or-miss transform. Then, the negative impulsive noise pixels, which are dark pixels, are identified by multi scale dual hit-or-miss transform. Finally, the identified impulsive noise pixels are removed and replaced by a reasonable value estimated by adaptive median filter. Experimental results show that, because the multi scale dual hit-or-miss transforms could effectively and correctly identify the impulsive noise pixels, the noise pixels are correctly removed and the real image details could be well maintained.     

A simple method for automatic cavity alignment of a solid-state laser

Misalignment of a laser cavity would result in the displacement of beam location on the cavity mirrors. We present a simple method for automatic cavity alignment of a solid-state laser through detecting the location of the laser beam on the rear mirror, with which neither external alignment beams nor modifications to the cavity are required. The rear mirror of the laser cavity is replaced by a tip/tilt mirror to compensate for the misalignment. Experiments show that this method could effectively correct the misalignment of the laser cavity and restore the output power to almost the original value when the resonator is well aligned.     

非接触法自动测量薄膜厚度

根据白光等厚干涉原理,基于单片机改造的迈氏干涉仪用于自动测量透明薄膜厚度,采用非接触性测量法。当迈克尔逊干涉仪静镜形成的虚像与动镜相交所成的夹角很小时,在光屏上看到彩色干涉条纹,插入薄膜后,光程差改变,彩纹消失。步进电机带动微调手轮转动,当彩纹再次出现,即可得出透明薄膜厚度。     

任意球面元件的超高反射率测量方法

为了实现任意球面元件的超高反射率测量,提出直腔和折叠腔两种光腔结构,以实现0,10,15和30等不同角度下球面元件的超高反射率测量。详细分析了这两种测量方式,根据光束传输变换公式,推导了任意球面元件在测量中引入的衰荡光腔物理腔长的变化,得到了实验测量中腔长调节指导。并根据光腔衰荡法原理,推导了球面元件在超高反射率测量中的通用数学表达式,对测量公式进行了讨论,分析结果扩展了光腔衰荡法在元件超高反射率测量的使用范围。