蒽、吖啶黄和阳离子桃红在溶液中的分子间能量传递

本文使用了荧光光谱和时间校正的单光子计数技术研究了蒽、吖啶黄和阳离子桃红在溶液中分子间能量传递的关系。实验表明:分子蒽吸收的能量可以传递给吖啶黄,再由吖啶黄传递给阳离子桃红,体系中随着给体荧光的猝灭,受体的敏化荧光递增;体系中的能量传递常数KET,猝灭常数KQ、敏化常数Ks是给体的荧光寿命TD和体系能量传递速率常数k的乘积,即KET=Ks=KQ=kτD。由于能量传递速率小于扩散速率常数kdiff,且能量传递速率常数kET对溶剂粘度的变化是敏感的,所以可以认定体系中能量是以电子交换作用的机制传递的。     

密度泛函理论研究黄曲霉素B1的表面增强拉曼散射效应

用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-311G(d,p)/Lanl2DZ优化得到黄曲霉素B₁(AFB₁)分子及其复合物AFB₁-Ag的稳定结构,并计算了复合物的表面增强拉曼光谱和预共振拉曼光谱. 结果表明,AFB₁分子的拉曼光谱很大程度依赖于吸附位点以及入射光的激发波长. 与分子的常规拉曼光谱相比,复合物表面增强拉曼光谱中C=O伸缩振动模的增强因子约为10²～10³复合物的极化率增强而导致的静态化学增强,并分析了振动模式的振动方向与其拉曼强度的关系．选择复合物最大吸收峰附近激发光266和482 nm以及远离共振吸收波长785和1064 nm作为入射光,计算得到不同入射光激发下复合物的预共振拉曼光谱．结果表明其增强因子最大达到10⁴量级,主要是由电荷转移产生的共振增强引起的．     

掺铒的纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的多光子红外量子剪裁

研究了掺铒的纳米相氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷(Er(3):FOV)的红外量子剪裁现象,测量了红外和可见的Er(3):FOV的荧光光谱.结果发现光激发²H_11/2能级的⁴ I_13/2→⁴I_15/2荧光跃迁的近似量子剪裁效率已达约186.28%.计算了有关的无辐射弛豫速率、自发辐射速率和能量传递速率,分析了有关的能量传递动力学过程,发现     

Tm3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的近红外发光及能量传递机理

采用高温熔融法制备了组分为TeO₂-ZnO-Na₂O的Tm³⁺离子单掺和Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺碲酸盐玻璃,应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算分析了玻璃样品的强度参量Ω_t(t=2, 4, 6),自发辐射跃迁几率A,荧光分支比β和荧光辐射寿命τ_rad等光谱参量,测量得到了不同Yb³⁺离子掺杂浓度下玻璃样品的Tm³⁺离子上转换发光谱.结果显示,在980 nm泵浦光激励下玻璃样品发射出强烈的近红外上转换荧光.对Tm³⁺离子上转换发光分析表明,强烈的Tm³⁺离子近红外上转换发光主要来自于Yb³⁺/Yb³⁺离子间的共振能量传递以及基于单声子和双声子辅助的Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺离子间的非共振能量传递过程,并进一步计算得到了声子贡献比和能量传递系数.最后,计算分析了Tm³⁺:³F₄→³H₆能级间跃迁的1.8 μm波段吸收截面、受激发射截面和增益系数.研究表明,Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺共掺TeO₂-ZnO-Na₂O玻璃可以作为近红外波段固体激光器的潜在增益基质.     

光纤共振和预共振喇曼光谱

在液芯光纤内产生共振和预共振喇曼效应,喇曼光谱强度可以大幅度提高,最高可达10⁹倍.本文介绍获得光纤(预)共振喇曼光谱的可行性、实验及实验结果.用远离吸收带的激光激发获得了α甲基吡啶预共振喇曼光谱.用小功率激光(0.8mW)、低浓度溶液(9.6×10¹²mol/L)还获得了β叶红素在CS₂中的共振喇曼光谱.     

从核心天线到反应中心分子传能研究

利用飞秒时间分辨光谱技术研究了PSⅡ核心复合物内β-Car分子和Chla分子传递光能到反应中心的时间特性.实验测得,在CP47中的β-Car分子用了150 ps,Chla分子用了15 ps;在CP43中β-Car分子用了160 ps,Chla分子用了20 ps.利用超快光谱动力学实验曲线,理论计算出在核心天线中β-Car分子到Chla 662之间的能量传递速率为1.18×10¹²s^-1,β-Car分子到相邻β-Car分子之间按速率 1.14×10¹²s^-1传递能量.理论研究得出,在核心天线中β-Car分子接收到光能,以Dexter电子交换机制和Frster共振传能机制进行激发能传递,最后由Chla分子把能量传递到反应中心,在CP47中用了139 ps,在CP43中用了152 ps.理论研究表明,在核心天线中,Chla分子接收到光能之后,以随机转移方式将能量迅速传递到反应中心P680,在CP47中用了16.8 ps,在CP43中用了18 ps.理论研究与实验研究基本符合.     

胆绿素二甲酯金属锌配合物超快激发态动力学研究

胆绿素(BV)及其二甲酯(BVE)是一种生物内源色素，他们在溶液中具有极弱的荧光，量子产率小于0.01%。然而，随着锌离子的加入，情况发生了变化. BVE-Zn²⁺配合物的荧光强度大大增强，荧光QY可提高到∽5%. 本文研究了BVE-Zn²⁺络合物在乙醇、正丙醇和二甲基亚砜溶液中的超快激发态动力学，以揭示其荧光增强的机理. 结果表明，BVE能与锌离子在溶液中形成1:1的稳定配合物，BVE分子结构在复合物中较为刚性，能量上更稳定. 利用皮秒时间分辨荧光光谱和飞秒瞬态吸收光谱技术，发现BVE-Zn²⁺配合物在二甲基亚砜中具有较小的非辐射速率常数，这是其高荧光量子产率关键原因.     

维生素C对菲醌三重激发态的淬灭机理及动力学研究

用时间分辨电子自旋共振技术研究了乙二醇(EG)均相溶液和反胶束溶液中抗氧化剂维生素C(VC)对菲醌(PAQ)分子激发三重态³PAQ*的淬灭反应．利用反胶束模拟生物细胞和组织的生理环境．光解PAQ/EG-H₂O均相溶液,³PAQ*与溶剂分子EG之间发生氢转移反应．当体系中加入VC后,³PAQ*不仅从EG上夺氢,还从VC上夺氢,VC对³PAQ*的淬灭速率常数为1.409×10⁸ L/(mol·s), 反应受扩散控制． 在CTAB/EG-H₂O和AOT/EG-H₂O反胶束溶液中,³PAQ*和VC之间的夺氢反应发生在反胶束的水/油界面附近,³PAQ*扩散到油/水界面的过程降低了反应的速率．对于TX-100/EG-H₂O反胶束溶液, 由于PAQ增溶于亲水的聚氧乙烯链中,VC对³PAQ*的淬灭速率常数比CTAB/EG-H₂O和AOT/EG-H₂O反胶束中的都大,甚至比EG-H₂O均相溶液中的也略大．很强的VC负离子自由基As^-的CIDEP信号来源于³PAQ*与VC之间发生抽氢反应过程中的三重态机理自旋极化转移     

内周天线CP43、CP47中β-Car到Chla分子间的能量传递

采用超快荧光光谱动力学对从菠菜中分离纯化的内周天线CP43、CP47进行研究,获取了它们的动力学三维荧光谱,CP43的荧光光谱范围为640～780nm,最大峰位于680nm处,在该峰值处的荧光寿命约为3.54ns;CP47的荧光光谱范围为630～775nm,最大峰位于691nm处,在该峰值处的荧光寿命约为3.22ns,在CP43和CP47中,Chla分子发射荧光的效率分别约为38.3%和40.6%.依据分子的退激发途径,我们分析认为在CP43、CP47中β-Car→Chla分子的能量传递速率常量分别为9.06×10¹¹s^-1,1.3×10¹²s^-1;能量传递效率分别为47.5%、66.5%;并估计β-Car分子与Chla分子外周之间的距离分别为0.110nm、0.085nm.     

聚芳香杂环甲烯的三阶非线性光学效应与时间分辨光克尔效应

合成了一系列聚芳香杂环甲烯,包括聚吡咯甲烯和聚噻吩甲烯.采用四波混频法研究材料的共振三阶非线性光学效应(λ＝532nm),其共振二阶超分子极化率γ三阶非线性光学系数分别达到10^-30esu和10^-8esu.选择具有良好溶解性、成膜性的聚吡咯对二甲氨基苯甲烯(PPDMAB),采用飞秒时间分辨光克尔效应方法研究材料的非共振三阶非线性光学效应(λ=790nm).实验表明,翠绿亚胺碱溶液的光克尔信号仅表现一超快响应的成分,归功于π电子云扭转产生的非共振激发.PPDMAB的非共振二阶超分子极化率γ三阶非线性光学系数分别达到γ=5.78×10^-32esu和χ⁽³⁾=1.26×10^-10esu.     

Coherent phonon and electron spectroscopy on surfaces using time-resolved second-harmonic generation

pump (ω)E_probe ^*(ω)|E_probe(ω)|². This is much easier to detect than transient grating, photon echo, or four-wave mixing schemes that use higher-order nonlinearities. We have applied this technique to measure the energy gap and dephasing time of the dangling bond interband transition on the GaAs(110)-relaxed (1×1) surface. Surface-carrier/surface-phonon interaction plays an important and perhaps dominant role in surface carrier dephasing consistent with the larger electron-phonon coupling on the surface compared to the bulk. Received: 13 October 1998     

Dynamics of SCN- ions in molten thiocyanates and aqueous solutions by Raman spectroscopy

The Raman spectra of the v ₁(CN) stretching mode of SCN^- ions have been measured in molten thiocyanates, KSCN and NaSCN, at temperatures 450-600K. The vibrational and the rotational correlation functions are calculated, and the dynamics of SCN^- ions in the molten state are compared with those in aqueous solutions of KSCN, NaSCN, and LiSCN at concentrations 1–10 mol dm^-3 and at temperatures 303–353 K. The observed vibrational correlation functions are analysed by the stochastic line shape theory of Kubo, in which homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are treated simultaneously. Both broadening contributions to the isotropic spectra are extracted. The homogeneous broadening is found to increase with increasing temperature in both melts and aqueous solutions; the inhomogeneous broadening remains constant in molten KSCN while it decreases in aqueous solutions. As the result, the isotropic Raman bandwidth is considered to increase with temperature in the molten state and to decrease in aqueous solutions. Rotational correlation functions of SCN^- ions in these molten salts show the behaviour of the short time inertial rotation (t ? 0·15 ps, jump angle 20°), which is a little slower than the free rotation of a single ion. The long time exponential decay of the rotational correlation functions reflects the ultimate diffusional behaviour of the ionic reorientation. The rotational relaxation rate increases with increasing temperature in both melts and aqueous solutions. The vibrational dephasing rate decreases and the rotational relaxation rate increases as the cation size increases in melts. In aqueous solutions, the vibrational dephasing rate follows the same cation dependence as that in melts, while the rotational relaxation rate decreases as the cation size increases. This seems to be a consequence of the specific local structures in aqueous electrolyte solutions.     

Dependence of cooperative emission spectra of complex organic molecules on exciting photon energy

The dependences of cooperative emission, superfluorescence, and lasing spectra on the wavelength of pumping radiation were studied for highly concentrated ethanol solutions of organic dye molecules. The relative intensity of cooperative emission was found to decrease, while the intensities of superfluorescence and lasing were found to increase with the energy of exciting photons. The increase in the dephasing rate of quantum states is supposed to be primarily responsible for the change in proportion between these intensities. On increasing the dephasing rate, with all other factors being the same, the concentration of the excited molecules with the phased quantum states decreases, while that with the dephased states increases. The ratio between the cooperative emission and dephasing rates determines the proportion between the intensities of cooperative emission, superfluorescence, and lasing. The onset of lasing at high concentrations (above >10¹⁹ cm^?3) in the case of pumping by high-energy photons occurs due to the high dephasing rates of quantum states resulting from a more rapid redistribution of vibrational energy.     

Generation Kinetics of Nonequilibrium Charge Carriers in Crystals with Deep Impurities Involving Two-Center Transitions between Band and Impurity States

A new and efficient mechanism of nonlinear photoexcitation of a transparent crystal with deep impurity centers is proposed. It is hypothesized that the energy of a quantum of light is smaller than the energy gap between the bottom of the conduction band and the impurity level, but is larger than the gap between the impurity level and the top of the valence band. The kinetics of nonlinear cascade generation of nonequilibrium charge carriers is considered taking into account two-center processes in which the energy transfer and the photon absorption occur in one and the same elementary event. The dependences of the quasi-equilibrium concentrations of nonequilibrium charge carriers in the bands and of the occupancy of impurity states on the laser-radiation intensity are obtained. It is shown that the generation process of nonequilibrium electron–hole pairs is of a threshold nature. Depending on the concentration of impurity centers, the threshold intensities can be ~10⁵–10⁷ W/cm², while the setting time of the quasi-equilibrium occupancies of electronic states is ~10–0.1 ns.     

The microscopic interaction parameters for Er/Ho energy transfer in tellurite glasses

We investigate the energy transfer between Er³⁺/Ho³⁺ in tellurite glasses. The main channels of energy transfer between Er³⁺/Ho³⁺ are analyzed in detail. The microscopic interaction parameters of resonant and non-resonant (phonon-assisted) energy transfer parameters via Er³⁺→Ho³⁺ are calculated. The result shows that the resonant energy transfers Er³⁺(²H_11/2(⁴S_3/2))→Ho³⁺(⁵F₄(⁵S₂)) and Er³⁺(⁴F_9/2)→Ho³⁺(⁵F₅) are very efficient and non-resonant energy transfers Er³⁺(⁴I_13/2)→Ho³⁺(⁵I₇) and Er³⁺(⁴I_11/2)→Ho³⁺(⁵I₆), which are a phonon-assisted energy transfer process because of energy mismatch are also existed and cannot be neglected.     

Electronic energy structure and X-ray spectra of GaN and BxGa1-x N crystals

The electronic energy structures of GaN wurtzite and zinc-blende modifications and B_xGa_1-x N solid solutions are calculated using the local coherent potential method and the cluster version of the muffin-tin approximation in the framework of the multiple-scattering theory. The electronic structures of binary GaN crystals and ternary B_xGa_1-x N solid solutions are compared, and their features are interpreted. The boron concentration dependences of the width of the upper subband of the valence band, the band gap, and the bulk modulus of B_xGa_1-x N solid solutions (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) are studied, and these dependences are shown to be nonlinear.     

Long-term relaxation of the current in a naturally disordered Pb3O4 semiconductor

Charge transfer has been studied in metal-dielectric-metal structures based on polycrystalline layers of lead orthoplumbate Pb₃O₄ with a binder—cyanoethyl ester of polyvinyl alcohol, deposited on a glass substrate with a conducting ITO film. Time dependences of the current have been investigated in the temperature range T = 300–370 K and in the range of dc electric field strengths E = 2 × 10⁵?9 × 10⁵ V/m. Flowing of the relaxation polarization current leads to charge accumulation in the near-electrode region. Experimental dependences agree with the relay race mechanism of charge transfer with the participation of deep local levels. Microparameters of charge transfer are determined upon varying the experimental conditions.     

Electronic Energy Transfer from Sinclet Molecular Oxygen to Carotenoids

Abstract

Aerated benzene solutions containing anthracene together with one of the carotenoids, β-carotene, β-apo-8′-carotenal, ethyl β-apo-8′-carotenate and canthaxanthin were subjected to laser photolysis. Under these conditions oxygen quenching of triplet anthracene produces the excited singlet state of molecular oxygen O₂? (¹δ_g) which in turn transfers energy to the carotenoid thereby yielding its triplet state, the absorption of which was monitored thereby confirming electronic energy transfer as the mechanism of quenching of O₂ ?(¹δ_g) by these carotenoids and enabling the bimolecular quenching constansts which vary from 1.2 – 1.45 × 10¹⁰ 1 mol^?1s^?1 to be measured.     

Antiresonance of Raman Scattering in CdSxSe1-x Mixed Crystals

Abstract

Resonant enhancement of the Raman scattering cross section in II - IV semiconductors has recently received much attention both theoretically and experimentally. All existing theories anticipate a monotonic increase in the scattering intensities when the scattering radiation energy approaches the direct-energy gap. Contrary to them in an early Raman study of CdS¹ a cancellation of scattering efficiencies for the two TO modes prior to the onset of the resonance was pointed out. In a latter work on pure CdS Damen et al.² found even a more pronounced “antiresonance” behavior of the nonpolar E₂ phonon at 41 cm^?1. Thus, this striking feature seems to be rather common for the Raman active modes in CdS for which no electrooptic contribution to the scattering amplitude exists. The experimental data were qualitatively explained by assuming a destructive addition between nonresonant and the weaker resonant terms in LoudoN′s expression for the first-order Raman tensor³. Consequently the cancellation energy difference /E_G - hw_L/ depends on the ratio of the resonant term to the nonresonant terms.     

Charge transfer and thermopower in TlGdS<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The temperature dependences of the dc conductivity and thermoelectric coefficient of TlGdS₂ in the temperature interval of 77–373 K have been studied for the first time. It has been found that, at low temperatures (114–250 K), the compound has conductivity of the p-type and charge transfer in its energy gap follows the hopping mechanism. The main parameters of localized electronic states in the energy gap have been determined.