洁净房间内亚微米粒子的沉积行为

采用二维滞止流模型，讨论了工业洁净室内不同送风速度下，气溶胶粒子分别受重力和电场力作用及二者联合作用时在工作台表面或晶片上的沉积特征。通过与相关文献提供的实验数据的对比，确认了这种预报超细粒子沉积行为的方法。     

表面粗糙度对微细管内气体流动特性的影响

采用了表面粗糙度粘性系数模型对微细管内的气体流动进行数值模拟，以研究微管内壁表面粗糙度对微管内气体流动的影响。运用本文改进的表面粗糙度粘性系数模型，数值模拟与实验数据十分吻合。计算结果表明，进出口压力一定时，表面粗糙度对流场的压力、密度及温度分布的影响不大，但是对速度场的影响十分显著，表面粗糙度使气体流动速度减小，并使壁面附近的速度梯度减小，从而使通过管道的气体质量流量减小，在微管内的气体流动中，表面粗糙度的影响是不能被忽略的。     

固液双相作用下多孔自润滑表面渗流行为分析

以多孔自润滑材料为研究对象，分析载荷作用下多孔基体变形和润滑液在孔隙中的流动特性，探讨多孔表面渗流速度随加载时间变化，分析固-液双相作用下多孔表面渗流与润滑行为.结果表明，多孔基体变形后，孔隙内储存的润滑液受迫流动，在多孔表面发生渗入和析出的流动现象.润滑液在接触区向多孔基体渗入，在接触区入口向多孔表面析出.恒定载荷下，入口两侧润滑液不能保持稳定的渗流现象，而随加载时间呈现出扩散和波动的变化过程.在竖直方向上，多孔材料内的最大流体压力发生在上表面，最大固相应力发生在靠近上表面的次表面位置.随加载时间延长，磨擦界面的液相承载力先增大后降低，固相承载力先降低后增大，最终液相承载力降低为零，外载荷全部由固相材料承担.适当增加载荷能提高润滑液在多孔表面上的渗流速度，改善润滑状态，但也使得润滑液的渗流速度波动更为剧烈.     

基于LBM的铝微滴斜柱沉积水平偏移研究

金属微滴沉积制造技术采用逐点堆砌方式成型, 为斜柱沉积提供无支撑制造方式, 具有高度灵活性. 本文针对铝液滴斜柱连续沉积过程, 建立格子玻尔兹曼模型进行数值模拟, 研究液滴在凝固表面上的水平偏移运动. 根据表面能充放过程, 沉积运动被划分为下落、快速扩张、慢速扩张、回弹4个阶段, 其受力状态由表面能、重力势能、动能和黏性耗散趋势得到. 液滴内部流动在扩张阶段中表现为滑动状态, 而在回弹阶段中表现为滚动状态. 液滴偏移运动的加速阶段主要发生在扩张阶段, 而偏移距离则在回弹阶段中产生. 扩张阶段的受力状态表明偏移运动的主要推动力为重力和毛细力. 随着液滴轴线距离的增大, 扩张阶段中的加速段时间缩短、速度峰值提高, 使水平偏移距离呈先增大后减小的趋势, 这种阶段化特征源于加速段时长和速度极大值的竞争关系. 不同沉积高度和固液浸润度下, 偏移距离均保持相同的演化趋势. 在相同的轴线距离下, 偏移距离随固液浸润度的增大而减小, 随沉积高度的增大而减小. 通过拟合水平偏移距离演化规律、优化扫描步距, 能够实现斜柱的均匀沉积, 并使倾角与理论结果一致.      

工艺因素对离子束增强沉积氮化硅薄膜组成与结构的影响

本世纪８０年代以来，利用各种表面技术陶瓷材料涂覆于金属零件表面的研究发展很快，离子束增强沉积技术以其突出的优点更受到重视，利用这种技术合成陶瓷薄膜是一种新的物理气相沉积方法，而沉积薄膜的质量，性能和成膜速度都会受到工艺因素的影响，由于氮化硅陶瓷的硬度高，韧性和高温稳定性都比较好，是一种相当理想的耐磨材料，且其还有一定的自润滑性，因此，着重研究了氮离子束流和束压，氮离子与硅原子在基片上的达比，以及不     

耐磨碳／碳复合材料的研制及其制动性能

针对常规化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料存在的制备周期长和工艺过程繁杂等问题，在大量试验研究的基础上，通过对常规压差法化学气相沉积工艺进行重大改进，设计出了一种新的沉积室和气体快速定向流动装置，并且配合沉积工艺参数的调整，成功地利用这种改进压差法制备出了碳／碳复合材料．利用这种方法不仅使制备周期缩短到改进前的４０％，省去了常规化学气相沉积法中反复进行的中间机械加工和高温热处理工序，而且大幅度降低了制备成本．全尺寸试样（１∶１）惯性动力试验表明，所得制品不仅具有良好的摩擦磨损性能．制动力矩－速度关系曲线平稳和磨损率低等优点，而且刹车盘表面光滑，未发现碎裂和分层等现象，符合飞机等刹车制动的使用要求     

水动力学问题的弱可压缩模型求解方法研究

从弱可压缩水动力学方程出发，采用坐标变换的方法处理自由表面，建立了能够模拟有自由表面流动问题的定常、非定常的三维水动力学模型和对流扩散模型，模型采用浮湍流模型进行封闭，并对模型求解的数值方法进行了研究。     

气体速度对液膜在预膜板表面流动形态影响的LBM模拟

为了探究气流剪切作用对航空燃油在气动雾化喷嘴预膜板上流动形态的影响,首先对基于相场理论的两相流格子Boltzmann模型进行修正,并通过经典算例验证了修正后模型的准确性和可靠性.随后利用该模型模拟了同向气流驱动下液膜在水平预膜板表面上的流动,分析了气流速度对液膜流动形态的影响规律.研究表明,该模型可准确追踪具有大密度比的气液相界面的形态变化;气液剪切速度差会诱发两相界面出现Kelvin-Helm-holtz不稳定性现象,因而当气体速度升高时,气液剪切速度差增大,不仅液膜流动速度随之增高,且在铺展阶段液膜会产生较高振幅的波浪面并加快铺展过程,自由表面波动增强.     

边界吸收效应对非定常剪切弥散的影响

采用延迟扩散方程［７，９］描述了具有边界吸收条件下，非定常剪切流动中的剪切弥散特性．给出了记忆函数、中心位移函数的控制方程．特例分析结果表明：所采用的模型方程是合理的；边界吸收效应使得纵向浓度分布具有后倾的趋势．这主要是由于边界吸收使得低速强剪切区浓度减少，剪切弥散贡献减少，从而污染物对流速度高于断面的平均速度．     

方管内气固两相流动速度的LDV测量

介绍了气固两相流动的ＬＤＶ测试方法和有关技术，并给出了方管内网栅后气固两相流动的部分测试结果与分析。对于气相，给出了纯净气流（α＝０）、平均粒径ｄｐ＝３５０μｍ的颗粒（α＝０．１２％、０．２１％、０．３３５％）存在时的气流在管内不同断面上时均速度分布情况及不同颗粒浓度时气流速度结构的比较；对于固相，给出了三种不同固相浓度时颗粒在管内不同断面上时均速度的分布情况，并对三种固相浓度时颗粒与气相的速度分布进行了比较。     

Longitudinal diffusion of solid particle admixture in a flow through a tube

The propagation of solid particle admixture in a flow through a flat channel is studied.The processes of diffusion and convective transfer as well as solid particle deposition due to gravity result in varying admixture concentration both in depth and longtitudinally.The study of admixture longitudinal distribution is of great interest in a lot of applications, therefore this paper gives the derivation of longitudinal diffusion equation for a mean cross-section admixture concentration.The equation contains three effective parameters; i.e. convective tranfer velocity, longitudinal diffusion coefficient and particle deposition time. These parameters integrally reflect local processes of matter transfer as well as momentum.The proposed model is specific and differs from Taylor equation for longitudinal diffusion, since the fact of particle deposition and adhesion is taken into account. As a result of particle deposition a sediment layer is formed on the channel bottom which increases in thickness with time. To describe this process balance conditions for the whole flow mass and admixture mass on sediment sediment surface are formulated and a condition for matter movement towards the channel bottom is derived that is different from zero due to particle adhesion.     

Numerical study of particle deposition in a turbulent channel flow with transverse roughness elements on one wall

A numerical study is presented for the effect of wall roughness on the deposition of solid spherical particles in a fully developed turbulent channel flow based on large eddy simulation combined with a Lagrangian particle-tracking scheme. The interest is focused on particles with response times in wall units in the range of 2.5 ≤ τ_p⁺ ≤ 600 depositing onto a vertical rough surface consisting of two-dimensional transverse square bars separated by a rectangular cavity. Predictions of particle deposition rates are obtained for several values of the cavity width to roughness element height ratio and particle response time. It is shown that the accumulation of particles in the near wall region and their preferential concentration in flow areas of low streamwise fluid velocity that occur in turbulent flows at flat channels are significantly affected by the roughness elements. Particle deposition onto the rough wall is considerably increased, exhibiting a subtle dependence on the particle inertia and the spacing between the bars. The observed augmentation of deposition coefficient can be attributed to the flow modifications induced by the roughness elements and to the inertial impaction of particles onto the frontal deposition area of the protruding square bars.     

Effect of thermophoretic particle deposition in non-Newtonian free convection flow over a vertical plate with magnetic field effect

The present contribution deals with the effects of thermophoretic particle deposition on the free convective flow over a vertical flat plate embedded in a non-Newtonian fluid-saturated porous medium in the presence of a magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using special transformations. The resulting similarity equations are solved numerically by an efficient implicit finite-difference method. For various values of the problem parameters, graphs of the profile concentration in the boundary layer and of thermophoretic deposition velocity are presented.     

Lie group analysis for thermophoretic and radiative augmentation of heat and mass transfer in a Brinkman-Darcy flow over a flat surface with heat generation

A boundary layer analysis is presented to investigate numerically the effects of radiation,thermophoresis and the dimensionless heat generation or absorption on hydromagnetic flow with heat and mass transfer over a flat surface in a porous medium.The boundary layer equations are transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equations using scaling group of transformations and they are solved numerically by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique for some values of physical parameters.Comparisons with previously published work are performed and the results are found to be in very good agreement.Many results are obtained and a representative set is displayed graphically to illustrate the influence of the various parameters on the dimensionless velocity,temperature and concentration profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient,wall heat transfer,particle deposition rate and wall thermophoretic deposition velocity.The results show that the magnetic field induces acceleration of the flow,rather than deceleration(as in classical magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) boundary layer flow) but to reduce temperature and increase concentration of particles in boundary layer.Also,there is a strong dependency of the concentration in the boundary layer on both the Schmidt number and mass transfer parameter.     

Dynamics of a spherical particle in a laminar boundary layer

The problem of the motion of an individual spherical particle in a laminar boundary layer is considered for small Reynolds numbers determined from the relative velocity and the transverse velocity gradient of the flow undisturbed by the particle. The dependence of the transverse force acting on the particle, which results from the nonuniformity of the free stream, on the distance of the particle from the surface of a flat plate is calculated. It is shown that the direction of the transverse force changes with the distance of the particle from the plate: near the surface the force is positive, i.e., directed away from the plate, and at greater distances negative.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 91–96, November–December, 1990.The author wishes to thank M. N. Kogan and N. K. Makashev for useful discussions.     

Effect of near-wall turbulence enhancement on the mechanisms of particle deposition

The modification of deposition mechanisms of small particles in wall turbulence due to enhanced near-wall fluctuations is presented. The direct numerical simulation database of turbulent air flow over a water surface populated by gravity-capillary waves of small wave slope was used to mimic the enhancement in fluctuation intensity. Lagrangian tracking of particles is performed under the assumption of one-way coupling between the particles and the flow. Two sets of particles have been considered with inertial response times of 5 and 15, respectively, normalized using the friction velocity at the air–water interface and the kinematic viscosity of air. Compared to wall-bounded flow, the particle deposition rates on the interface were found to be considerably higher; specifically for the low-inertia particles, an eightfold increase was observed. The deposition rate for particles of higher inertia increased by only 60%. The correlation characterizing particle deposition rates for wall-bounded flows, where the deposition rate is proportional to the square of the particle response time, was found to be invalid for the flow with enhanced near-wall turbulence. Comparison with experimental results on particle deposition onto rough walls showed better correlation. Depositing particles were divided into free-flight and diffusional deposition populations. Since the primary effect of the interfacial waves is to increase the turbulence intensity in the near-interface region with high particle concentration, a remarkable increase in diffusional deposition is observed. As in wall-bounded flows, diffusional deposition is seen to be the dominant mechanism of deposition. The free-flight mechanism, where particles acquire velocities high enough to travel directly to the interface, remains unaffected by enhanced near-wall velocity fluctuations.     

Analyzing dominant particle-flow structures inside a bubbling fluidized bed

The particle phase of a gas-particle flow inside a bubbling fluidized bed is characterized by strong unsteady flow patterns and intense meso-scale fluctuations that give rise to an intense mixing rate. As such, it is important to gain a deeper insight into how particle-flow structures and the associated fluctuating velocity field contribute to the overall bed dynamics. To this end, advanced post-processing methodologies, i.e., the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and the swirling strength criterion, are applied to the particle flow fields predicted by a “two-fluid model” of a cylindrical bubbling bed to identify and analyze the dominant spatio-temporal patterns of the particle phase. Three-dimensional POD results indicate that the dominant particle fluctuating velocity patterns are principally aligned in the axial direction, corresponding to particle mixing by the bubble wakes, with significant laterally directed fluctuating velocity vectors at the bed surface, corresponding to mixing caused by the bubbles bursting. The particle velocity gradient tensor is decomposed based on the swirling strength criterion and reveals formation of extended and flat structures that may be considered as a characteristic feature of the particle vortical motions in bubbling beds.     

Conduction-radiation effect on transient natural convection with thermophoresis

This paper discusses the effect of thermophoretic particle deposition on the transient natural convection laminar flow along a vertical flat surface,which is immersed in an optically dense gray fluid in the presence of thermal radiation.In the analysis,the radiative heat flux term is expressed by adopting the Rosseland diffusion approximation.The governing equations are reduced to a set of parabolic partial differential equations.Then,these equations are solved numerically with a finite-difference scheme in the entire time regime.The asymptotic solutions are also obtained for sufficiently small and large time.The obtained asymptotic solutions are then compared with the numerical solutions,and they are found in excellent agreement.Moreover,the effects of different physical parameters,i.e.,the thermal radiation parameter,the surface temperature parameter,and the thermophoretic parameter,on the transient surface shear stress,the rate of surface heat transfer,and the rate of species concentration,as well as the transient velocity,temperature,and concentration profiles are shown graphically for a fluid(i.e.,air) with the Prandtl number of 0.7 at 20 C and 1.013 × 10 5 Pa.     

The oblique-plate impact experiment

An experimental method is presented for the study of one-dimensional plane waves corresponding to combined pressure and shear. The experiment involves the impact of two skewed flat plates. A projectile plate is accelerated using a gas gun and made to impact a target plate in a vacuum chamber. The projectile and target plates are parallel, but inclined relative to the axis of the gun so that the particle velocity in the target has components both normal and parallel to the plane of impact. The particle velocity at the target rear (free) surface is recorded as a function of time. The normal velocity component is monitored using a laser velocity interferometer; the transverse motion is monitored using a shadow technique. The measured wave profiles can be compared to theoretical predictions based on one-dimensional-wave theory.     

Particle motion in a laminar boundary layer on the transverse velocity relaxation length

The properties of the equation of quasi-equiiibrium particle motion in the boundary layer on a flat plate are investigated. In particular, it is shown that in general it has a nonunique solution and that, depending on its initial velocity, the particle may approach the surface of the plate or move in the opposite direction.Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No.1, pp. 86–93, January–February, 1993.