聚膦腈在药物控释系统中的应用

聚膦腈由于其具有良好的生物相容性，可生物降解性及易于功能化的特性而成为一类独特的药物控释材料。本文就疏水性线型聚膦腈，聚膦腈水凝胶及聚膦腈高分子药物在药物控释系统中的应用作一简要综述。     

新型可生物降解医用高分子材料-聚膦腈

聚磷腈是一族由交替的氮、磷原子以交替的单键、双键构成无机主链的新型可生物降解聚合物。聚膦腈具有独特的性质和显著的合成多样性,降解产物为磷酸、氨、氨基酸和乙醇等无毒物质。通过改变聚膦腈侧链结构和组成,可调节聚膦腈的降解速度,控制药物释放的速度。本文主要综述了聚膦腈的合成、降解及其在药物控释系统中的应用。     

以环三膦腈为核的非线性聚磷腈高分子

综述了近十多年来以环三膦腈为核的非线性聚膦腈高分子的合成、性能及其应用。重点介绍了直接亲核取代法与多官能团引发剂法在合成以环三膦腈为核的星形高分子中的应用,以及发散法与收敛法在合成以环三膦腈为核的树形高分子中的应用。简要阐述了以环三膦腈为核的星形、树形高分子在光电材料、生物医用材料等方面的应用,并展望了以环三膦腈为核的非线性聚膦腈高分子的发展趋势和方向。     

聚[(四氟丙氧基)2-x(三氟乙氧基)x]膦腈合成和气体分离性能研究

以六氯环三聚磷腈为原料通过真空热开环聚合制得线型聚二氯磷腈(PDCP),再通过对PDCP进行亲核取代合成制备了新的聚膦腈类高分子--聚[(四氟丙氧基)2-x(三氟乙氧基).]膦腈,聚合物经过四氢呋喃-苯反复溶解-沉淀得到纯化产物.通过31P-NMR、1H-NMR和FTIR对其结构进行了表征;DSC法测定其玻璃化转变温度...     

聚[(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)1.0(乙氧基吡咯烷酮)1.0]膦腈的合成及性能研究

用三氯化铝催化六氯三聚膦腈开环聚合制得线性聚二氯膦腈(PDCP), 通过PDCP磷原子上的亲核取代反应, 合成了新的水溶性高分子聚[(甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基)_1.0(乙氧基吡咯烷酮)_1.0]膦腈(P3), 用³¹P NMR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和IR对其结构进行了确证, 用DSC测定了其玻璃化转变温度T_g和熔融温度T_m, 用蒸汽压渗透法(VPO)测定了其数均分子量. 改进了聚二(乙氧基吡咯烷酮)膦腈(P2)的合成方法. 体外降解实验表明, P3具有和P2类似的pH响应性降解行为, 降解速率在pH=5.0时最快, 而在pH=7.4和8.0时较慢. P3在所测试的3个pH缓冲溶液中均比P2降解慢. 用³¹P NMR、薄层色谱(TLC)和滴定法对降解产物进行了检测, 初步推断了P3在不同pH介质中的水解机理, 其在pH=5.0的缓冲溶液中的降解, 除侧链断裂外, 聚膦腈的骨架也裂解; 而在pH=7.4和8.0时的降解仅为侧链的断裂. 用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法进行的体外细胞毒性评价实验表明, P3及其在pH=5.0的缓冲溶液中降解49 d后的产物均对细胞表现出了很好的生物相容性, 而且其降解产物在浓度为800 μg/mL时还表现出一定的促进细胞增殖作用.     

磷腈化合物阻燃高分子材料研究进展

磷腈化合物是一类骨架由磷、氮单双键交替排列而成,侧基由有机基团组成的有机-无机化合物.由于其结构特殊、性能优异而被应用于防火阻燃、生物医用、高分子导体及液晶、燃料及催化剂等各种领域.磷腈有高含量的磷、氮元素,因而具有优异的阻燃性能.近年来,环三磷腈阻燃剂被越来越广泛地应用于高分子阻燃材料中.本文阐述了近10年来具有不同取代基的环三磷腈阻燃剂的合成及应用,重点介绍了其对环氧树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚烯烃、聚酯等高分子材料的阻燃性能及热稳定性的影响,并对其影响规律和阻燃机理进行了总结,对其应用前景进行了展望.     

β－萘酚取代聚磷腈的合成与表征

β－萘酚取代聚磷腈的合成与表征徐师兵，郑福安，杨永刚（华东理工大学高分子材料所，上海，２００２３７）（吉林大学理论化学研究所）关键词聚氯化磷腈，Ｎ－二氯磷酰Ｐ－三氯单磷腈，β－萘酚取代聚磷腈无机高分子聚氯化磷腈中的氯原子具有很高的反应活性，它可与许多...     

聚磷腈改性及其生物医学应用

聚磷腈是一种具有良好侧基功能化特性的高分子,通过接入不同侧基的聚磷腈与其它聚合物共混共聚,可以制备出具有不同性能的材料。本文介绍了目前关于国内外聚磷腈共混共聚的研究现状,并对聚磷腈改性在生物医学领域的应用及进展作了简要的介绍。     

温敏性聚膦腈及其在药物释放体系中的应用

温敏性聚合物能通过感知温度而实现环境响应,作为药剂可依靠对此类信号的自反馈响应而释放药物或中止释放,极大地增强了释药的持续性和专一性,从而提高了药物的药效和安全性.温敏性聚膦腈是一类新型的温敏材料,它具有良好的生物可降解性质,优良的生物相容性.因此,温敏性聚膦腈作为药物载体用于药物释放体系具有很好的应用前景,近年来备受关注.本文对聚膦腈的温敏性质、生物降解性质进行了评述,并探讨了LCST的影响因素,以及在药物释放体系的应用进展.     

一种新的聚磷腈反应中间体的制备及含C60基团聚磷腈的合成

聚磷腈的主链是由氮和磷原子以单、双键交替构成的聚合物, 每一个磷原子上连有两个侧基. 由于其具有多样化的独特性能, 如耐水、耐溶剂、耐油和良好的光、热稳定性、抗氧化性、生物相容性、耐辐射、耐低温、可生物降解、不燃烧和阻燃等性能而引起了人们的极大兴趣. 近来, 关于聚磷腈功能材料的研究相当活跃, 涉及阻燃材料、特种橡胶材料、生物医用材料、液晶以及光电功能材料等多个方面[1～4].     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.