不同异氰酸酯固化的蓖麻油／酚氧树脂聚氨酯的力学性能

以ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２为催化剂，４，４－二羟基二苯基丙烷与环氧氯丙烷反应，生成端羟基的酚氧树脂（Ａ），Ａ与蓖麻油（Ｂ）混合，用３种异氰酸酯（ＴＤＩ、ＩＰＤＩ和ＨＤＩ）作为固化剂，制得交联聚氨酯。研究了这３种聚氨酯的力学性能及形态与组成和二异氰酸酯结构的关系；改变ＮＣＯ／ＯＨ摩尔比及Ｂ与Ａ的质量比，可以制得具有较好力学性能的聚氨酯材料。蓖麻油，酚氧树脂，聚氨酯，力学性能     

毛竹屑与玉米淀粉共液化产物制备聚氨酯泡沫研究

采用单因素试验设计,研究了液化剂组成、液比以及毛竹屑与淀粉的比例对液化产物理化性质、及所制备的聚氨酯泡沫材料的物理力学指标影响.结果显示当以50%乙二醇+50%碳酸亚乙酯混合物作为液化剂、添加相当于液化剂质量3%的浓硫酸为催化剂、在(150±5)℃(油浴)和常压条件下,液化150min,搅拌速度30r/min,取得本试验条件下最好的竹屑液化效果,液化产物中竹屑含量25%,残渣率3.96%,但该液化产物中天然聚合物碎片含量少,所制备的聚氨酯泡沫材料塌陷;竹屑与玉米淀粉共液化有效提高了液化产物中生物质的含量,但占液化剂质量25%竹屑+占液化剂质量125%玉米淀粉共液化产物粘度太高(8.85Pa.s);而20%竹屑+130%玉米淀粉的共液化产物与4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及各种助剂按异氰酸酯基/羟基摩尔比为1.1配合时,所制备的聚氨酯泡沫材料表观密度为33.6kg/m3、压缩强度118kPa、弹性模量6.91MPa,在周年生物降解试验中,该生物质基聚氨酯硬质泡沫失重率为12.63%.     

高性能形状记忆透明聚氨酯的制备与研究

以市售羟基丙烯酸树脂和异氰酸酯为主要原料,通过聚己内酯二醇的加入制备出一系列具有形状记忆效应的透明聚氨酯薄膜,同时其形变恢复温度可进行连续可控调节。对聚氨酯薄膜的形变恢复温度和形状记忆效应进行了测定,并对其形状记忆功能进行了表征。研究结果表明羟基丙烯酸树脂和聚己内酯二醇制备的聚氨酯都具有形状记忆功能,羟基丙烯酸树脂制备的聚氨酯具有较高的形变恢复温度且室温较脆;聚己内酯二醇制备的聚氨酯具有较低的形变恢复温度,室温较软;通过将羟基丙烯酸树脂和聚己内酯二醇进行合理的配比可制备出在此温度区间连续可调的具有形状记忆效应的透明聚氨酯;同时当体系中聚己内酯二醇的含量较高时,聚氨酯变形后在室温的定型效果较差。     

基于D-A反应的光固化自修复聚氨酯涂料及其性能研究

以对苯基亚甲基双马来酰亚胺(BMI)和糠醇(FA)为反应单体,通过Diels-Alder反应制备得到带羟基的改性DA单体,再以不同分子量的聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)、异佛尔酮异氰酸酯(IPDI)、改性DA单体为反应单体,得到聚氨酯预聚物,然后与甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)反应得到光固化自修复聚氨酯。利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 HNMR)等表征了树脂的结构,同时考察了树脂的光固化性能。再以聚氨酯树脂为基体树脂,通过配方设计制备了光固化自修复凃料。通过超景深显微镜和热重分析仪(TGA)对涂料的基本性能、自修复性能、热性能进行了测试,结果表明:随着PCDL分子量的增加,涂层的硬度有所下降,而DA单体的引入赋予涂层自修复性能的同时可以提高涂料的硬度。     

聚合物基板表面状态对异相接枝的影响研究

研究了对于羟丙基纤维素（HPC）基板进行表面修饰时,基板表面状态的调控 对基板表面化学接枝的影响。用双官能团化合物2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）作为 接枝桥梁,其对位的异氰酸酯基先和基板上的羟基反应,保留的邻位异氰酸酯基进 一步再与丙烯酸的羟基反应,让接枝在基板上的活性丙烯酸分子继续和丙烯酸溶液 聚合,通过这种途径在基板表面修饰聚丙烯酸。基板制备时,由于不同介质对HPC 基板表面的不同诱导作用,导致表面组成各异,大大影响了接枝反应的效果。红外 光谱和二次离子飞行时间质谱均证明了可以用2,4-甲苯-二异氰酸酯（TDI）分子 做接枝桥梁在基板表面异相接枝上羟基并进一步接枝聚丙烯酸,从而达到修饰基板 的目的。     

非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的合成与应用

聚氨酯是一种重要的高分子材料,但其关键原料异氰酸酯有毒和湿敏的缺点限制了其应用前景.环碳酸酯化合物与伯胺反应是制备得到聚氨酯的一条新途径,用这种方法合成的非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU),其羟基氨基甲酸酯基形成分子内氢键而具有比传统聚氨酯更好的耐水解性和机械性能.本文介绍了NIPU的合成机理,总结了环碳酸酯的合成方法,综述...     

酚氧树脂／蓖麻油交联聚氨酯

使2.2-(4’-羟基苯基)丙烷(双酚A)与环氧氯丙烷反应制得了带端羟基的酚氧树脂(HBA),将其与蓖麻油共混,用2.4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)作固化剂,制得了一系列交联聚氨酯。DSC和DMA测试结果表明,这种聚氨酯只有一个T_g。改变NCO/OH摩尔比及HBA/(HBA 蓖麻油)比可制得具有较好阻尼性能的聚氨酯材料。     

苯甲基化木材溶液代替聚醚多元醇使用的研究

将苯甲基化木粉溶于四氢呋喃中 ,可以代替聚醚多元醇制备热固性材料 .以木材溶液的羟基值为指标 ,针对下层粘稠状物质 ,考察了不同溶液化条件对木材溶液活性羟基值的影响 ,并利用色质联用考察了苯甲基化木粉溶液化后上层清液中的组成 .实验证明 ,木材溶液能够代替聚醚多元醇使用的是下层的粘稠状物质 .同时实验结果表明 ,为了保证木材溶液制得的热固性材料具有足够的强度 ,溶液化时间应低于 6h ,液固比低于 6∶1.使用HCl与H3PO4 的混合酸比使用单一酸的催化效果更好     

苯基聚倍半硅氧烷改性大豆油基聚氨酯的合成及其性能研究

以环氧大豆油为起始原料经开环反应合成出大豆油多元醇,并与聚乙二醇(PEG-600)互混作为多元醇原料制备出植物油基聚氨酯.在预聚体合成过程中,加入不同含量的七苯基三环庚硅氧烷三硅醇,通过醇羟基与异氰酸酯基的反应,将聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)引入到植物油聚氨酯基体中,制备出聚氨酯(PU/POSS)纳米复合材料,并探讨纳米粒子—聚倍半硅氧烷对聚氨酯材料热稳定性,表面疏水性及力学性能的影响.热重分析(TGA)结果表明,在O2条件下,复合材料的初始降解温度Td5和最终稳定温度Tf都会提高,特别是当POSS含量达到9.27 wt%后,聚氨酯在450~500℃之间较强的失重现象消失;DSC结果表明玻璃化温度Tg随粒子含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;静态接触角测试结果表明随POSS含量的增加,材料表面的疏水、疏油性随之增大.拉伸测试结果表明POSS的引入能在一定程度上提高材料的拉伸强度.     

具有四重氢键识别基元的超支化聚合物

在羟基/异氰酸酯基官能团比4∶1的条件下,通过超支化聚合物Boltorn H20(HPE)与Upy(ureidopyrimidinone)的反应,合成了带有四重氢键单元的改性超支化聚合物HPE-1.采用核磁共振仪及红外分析仪测定了HPE-1的结构.由于分子间强的相互作用,HPE-1在熔融状态下可拉丝,而HPE不能.由于分子中含有亲水的羟基和疏水的Upy基元,HPE-1在水中能够自组装成球状聚集体.在酸性溶液中聚集体变大,而在碱性溶液中聚集体破坏,这为制备敏感性材料提供了途径.     

FTIR-ATR技术研究聚氨酯类文物保护材料的光降解

Polyurethanes are one kind of relic protection materials commonly used. During artificial photo-ageing, three polyurethanes, HDI-based polyurethane, MDI-based polyurethane and TDI-based polyurethane, have been considered to undergo UV radiation. Photochemical degradation of the polyurethanes has been monitored by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection accessory （FTIR-ATR）. It was proved that the mechanism of the photochemical degradation of polyurethanes might be the scissions of carbamate （urethane） groups and the re-reactions of radical groups formed in the scission reactions. From the experiment results HDI-based polyurethane, an aliphatic diisocyanate, could be considered to be more suitably used as relic protection materials among these three polyurethanes for its ageing products with less color.     

Kinetic study of polyurethanes formation by using differential scanning calorimetry

Kinetics of polyurethane formation between several polyols and isocyanates with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the curing catalyst, were studied in the bulk state by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using an improved method of interpretation. The molar enthalpy of urethane formation from secondary hydroxyl groups and aliphatic isocyanates is 72±3 kJ mol^-1 and for aromatic isocyanates it is 55±2 kJ mol^-1 . In the case of a single second order reaction for aliphatic isocyanates reaction, activation energy is 70±5 kJ mol^-1 with oxypropylated polyols and 50±3 kJ mol^-1 with Castor oil. For aromatic isocyanates and oxypropylated polyols the activation energy is higher around 77 kJ mol^-1 . In the case of two parallel reactions (situation for IPDI and TDI 2-4) best fits are observed considering two different activation energies.     

Thermal stability of polyurethane materials based on castor oil as polyol component

Preparation of the series of polyurethane elastomers and its nanocomposites from castor oil (a vegetable triglyceride) and different isocyanates (aromatic: toluene diisocyanate, TDI and aliphatic: isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI) is described. The synthesis was carried out in bulk and without catalyst by a one-step reactive process. Different elastomers were prepared by using several stoichiometric imbalances. For polyurethane nanocomposites based on TDI, titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles was used. The thermal properties of the materials are discussed on the basis of simultaneous TG-DSC measurements results and TMDSC data. TMDSC results show that T _g increases with increasing r = NCO/OH ratio. Namely, with increasing NCO/OH ratio the cross-linkage density increases and as a consequence, the chain mobility decreases, resulting in a higher T _g. It was estimated that the T _g of the samples decreased as the nanofiller content increased due to the changes in the segmental mobility in polyurethane materials. Thermal data refers to increased stability of nanocomposites compared with that of the unfilled elastomers.     

Synthesis and Properties of Polyurethane Resins from Liquefied Benzylated Wood

In this paper, polyurethane resins were synthesized from liquefied benzylated wood and TDI (toluene diisocyanate)-TMP (trihydromethylene propane) prepolymer. And the relation between microphase structure and properties of PU samples were also studied. The results indicated that coatings obtained had good mechanical and thermal properties. The amount of the curing agent has great effect on the degree of phase segregation. In addition, with increased the curing agent amount, the thermal stabilities were also improved.     

Determination of unreacted 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4TDI) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6TDI) in foams at ultratrace level by using HPLC-CIS-MS-MS

Isocyanates can cause occupational asthma. By using available HPLC-UVF methods, isocyanates can be quantified only at levels above 1% of the Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Once sensitized, workers can react to concentrations below these limits of detection (LOD) making these methods insufficiently sensitive to adequately evaluate trace amounts of isocyanates present in air or in materials at safe levels for sensitized workers. This article describes a novel method for isocyanate analysis allowing the quantification of 2,4TDI and 2,6TDI monomers at very low concentrations using HPLC-CIS-MS-MS. The method's sensitivity increases with a decrease in the alkali radius. The LOD is 0.039 ng mL(-1) for 2,4TDI and 0.100 ng mL(-1) for 2,6TDI in solution when lithium is the alkali adduct, which is 20 times more sensitive than HPLC-UVF method. This new method allows determination in foam at levels of 0.078 ng g(-1) for 2,4TDI and 0.200 ng g(-1) for 2,6TDI respectively, for a 0.5 g foam sample. This is more than 100 times more sensitive than other methods for determining free monomers in solid materials. Analytical reproducibility and precision are better than 92% and 93% for both diisocyanate monomers. The use of HPLC-UVF conventional method failed to detect unreacted isocyanates in foam samples, but TDI monomers were quantified by HPLC-CIS-MS-MS.     

Synthesis of hydroxyl‐bearing polyurethanes from naturally occurring myo‐inositol

A route from naturally occurring myo‐inositol to hydroxyl‐bearing polyurethanes has been developed. The diol prepared from the bis‐acetalization of myo‐inositol with 1,1‐dimethoxycyclohexane was reacted with a rigid diisocyanate, 1,3‐bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane to afford the corresponding polyurethane, of which glass transition temperature (T_g) was quite high as 192 °C. The polyurethane contains side chains inherited from the acetal moieties of the diol monomer and was treated with trifluoroacetic acid to hydrolyze the acetal moieties and afford the target polyurethane functionalized with hydroxyl groups. The presence of many hydroxyl groups in the side chains, which can form hydrogen bonds with each other, resulted in a high T_g, 186 °C. In addition, the hydroxyl groups were reacted with isocyanates to achieve further side‐chain modifications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1358–1364     

基于天然高分子的聚氨酯材料

综述了近年来天然高分子低聚糖、纤维素、淀粉、木素及液化木材部分或全部代替聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯材料的研究进展     

Hydrolysis of linear polyurethanes and model monocarbamates

Alkaline hydrolysis of model carbamates, polyurethanes, and poly(urethane-ureas) has been investigated. The model carbamates were based upon phenyl, benzyl, and cyclohexyl isocyanates. The polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas) were prepared from tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H₁₂MDI) and a poly(oxyethylene)glycol of 6000 molecular weight. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis were obtained in aqueous pyridine solution at 110°C, and second-order rate constants were obtained in aqueous KOH solution for the model biscarbamates. Pseudo-first-order rate constants of hydrolysis were obtained in alcoholic KOH solution for the polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas). The hydrolysis of the model carbamates showed that the stability increased in the following manner: phenyl < benzyl < cyclohexyl. The pseudo-first-order rate constants were dependent upon the pK_b of the corresponding amines. The hydrolysis of the polyurethanes and poly(urethane-ureas) showed that the stability increased in the following manner: aromatic < aralkyl < cycloaliphatic. It was shown that polyurethanes are more susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis than to acidic hydrolysis.     

Structure and properties of polyurethanes based on halogenated and nonhalogenated soy–polyols

Four polyols were prepared by a ring opening of epoxidized soybean oil with HCl, HBr, methanol, and by hydrogenation. Two series of polyurethanes were prepared by reacting the polyols with two commercial isocyanates: PAPI and Isonate 2143L. Generally, the properties of the two series were similar. The crosslinking density of the polyurethane networks was analyzed by swelling in toluene. Brominated polyols and their corresponding polyurethanes had the highest densities, followed by the chlorinated, methoxylated, and hydrogenated samples. The polyurethanes with brominated and chlorinated polyols had comparable glass transition and strength, somewhat higher than the polyurethane from methoxy containing polyol, while the polyurethane from the hydrogenated polyol had lower glass‐transition and mechanical properties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4062–4069, 2000