邻苯二甲酸二元酯聚氯乙烯膜电极对季铵盐类药物响应功能的研究

用邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯作为活性物质和增塑剂制作PVC膜电极。该电极对季铵盐类药物黄连素、新洁尔灭和碘解磷定具有能斯特响应,用于成品药的分析取得满意的结果。     

季鏻盐/ZnCl2催化合成苄基甲苯

研究了季鏻盐/ZnCl2催化甲苯与氯化苄合成苄基甲苯的反应.较佳反应条件为:季鏻盐9.4 mmol,n(季鏻盐)∶n(氯化苄)=1∶40,于100℃反应5h.在最佳反应条件下,氯化苄转化率近100％,单双苄基甲苯总收率95％.季鏻盐/ZnCl2催化剂可循环使用24次以上.     

以季鏻盐离子液体为反应介质的绿色有机反应*

与铵盐类离子液体比较,季鏻盐离子液体具有挥发性更低,物理、化学性质更加稳定,兼具催化功能等优点。近年来,季鏻盐离子液体作为一种绿色反应介质日益受到重视,很多类型的有机反应在季鏻盐离子液体中得到应用,收到了很好的效果。本文主要以2000年以来的期刊文献报道为线索,对季鏻盐离子液体的制备方法以及以其作为反应介质的绿色有机反应进行了综述。这些反应主要包括Diels-Alder反应、Heck反应、Suzuki反应、Buchwald-Hartwig 反应、Friedel-Crafts反应、Kornblum 取代反应、Grignard反应、羰基化反应、氢甲酰化反应、转移氢化反应、酯化反应等多种类型。特别是对于一些涉及强碱性反应条件或亲电取代的反应类型,季鏻盐离子液体具有特殊的优势。     

苄基三苯基季鏻盐的合成及其晶体结构和抗菌活性测定

合成了1种苄基三苯基季鏻盐——氯化苄基三苯基季鏻盐([BzTPP]+Cl-);利用元素分析、红外光谱、电子喷雾质谱和X射线单晶衍射对其进行了组成分析和结构表征;采用二倍稀释法测定了其抗菌活性,并与季鏻盐[BzTPP]2[CoCl4]和[BzTPP]2[MnCl4]进行了对比.结果表明,合成的季鏻盐[BzTPP]+Cl-属于正交晶系,Pbca空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.388 0(1)nm,b=1.717 0(2)nm,c=1.817 5(2)nm,α=β=γ=90°,V=4.131 3(7)nm3,Z=8,Dc=1.191g/cm3,GOOF=1.002,R1=0.038 4,wR2=0.113 6.该季鏻盐由Cl-离子和[BzTPP]+阳离子组成,阴、阳离子之间存在C-H…Cl氢键.与此同时,三种季鏻盐对大肠杆菌、金葡萄球菌及沙门氏菌均具有较好的抗菌活性.     

新型手性季鏻盐的合成

以(S)-联萘酚为原料,与三氟甲磺酸酐反应制得联萘酚三氟甲磺酸酯(2);2在Ni(dppp)Cl2催化下与碘甲烷格氏试剂反应得2,2’-二甲基联萘(3);3经溴代反应得2,2’-二溴甲基联萘4;4与1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷(dppp)在甲苯中回流合成了一个新型的联萘酚衍生的双中心手性季鏻盐,其结构经1H NMR,31P NMR和FT-IR表征。     

季鏻盐型三相相转移催化剂的制备及其化学结构与相转移催化活性的关系

 使用两种 ω-氯代酰氯 (氯乙酰氯与氯丁酰氯) 对交联聚苯乙烯微球 (CPS) 进行 Friedel-Crafts 酰基化反应,使用 1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷对 CPS 微球进行氯甲基化反应, 分别将可交换的氯引入 CPS 微球表面, 制备了化学改性的 CPS 微球. 然后使用三苯基膦对改性微球进行季鏻化反应, 制备了间隔臂 (spacer arm) 长度不同的三种季鏻 (QP) 盐型三相相转移催化剂 QP-CPS. 考察了主要反应条件对制备过程的影响, 并以氯化苄与乙酸钠合成乙酸苄酯的反应体系作为三相相转移催化的模型体系, 初步考察了 QP-CPS 的相转移催化活性,探索了催化剂结构与相转移催化活性的关系. 结果表明, 季鏻盐的化学稳定性较差,在制备过程中需控制反应时间与温度, 且宜选用极性较高的溶剂. 季鏻盐型三相相转移催化剂 QP-CPS 对乙酸苄酯的合成具有较高的催化活性, 在液-固-液之间可有效地实现反应物种乙酸根的转移. 与季铵盐 (QN) 型三相相转移催化剂 QN-CPS 相比, 季鏻盐型三相相转移催化剂 QP-CPS 具有更高的相转移催化活性. 间隔臂越长, QP-CPS 的相转移催化活性越高, QP-CPS 的亲水和亲油性能对相转移催化活性也有很大的影响.     

含两个带α—H碳原子的聚合物Wittig试剂

本文以交联的氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂为原料,合成了四种类型的含两个带α-H碳原子的季鏻盐树脂(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ),它们在碱的作用下,与醛的Wittig反应表现出不同的位置选择性:季鏻盐树脂(Ⅰ)和(Ⅳ)与醛反应只生成带烯键的聚合物;季鏻盐树脂(Ⅲ)与醛反应只生成低分子烯烃产物;而季鏻盐树脂(Ⅱ)与醛反应则生成低分子烯烃产物又生成带烯键的聚合物。     

季鏻盐定域体制备阴离子膜电极的研究

本文合成了数种季鏻盐,并用于制成阴离子膜电极;比较了不同链长的季鏻盐和电活性物含量对电极性能的影响;研究了电极的电位选择性系数与阴离子性质的关系。     

药物离子选择性电极响应规律的系统研究——Ⅱ.使用季鏻与季鉮化合物的磺胺类药物离子选择性电极

本文合成了多种磺胺的季鏻及季鉮盐型离子缔合物,以此为电活性物,系统地研究了电极性能。发现:电极性能主要决定于定域体阳离子,阴离子部分无显著影响,电极性能次序为十六烷基三辛铵>十六烷基三苯锛>十六烷基三苯钟。电极对不同磺胺的选择性次序为ST>SMZ>SDM,SDM′>SA>SD>SN;选择性系数不单与分子连接性指数X有关,且与N_1原子电荷密度σ及pKa有关,符合关系式:logK_(ij)=ax+bσ-cpKa-d。在文献中首次提出可用磺胺类药物离子选择性电极测定磺胺类药物。     

离子缔合型离子选择电极的研究 Ⅰ.PVC膜铬(Ⅵ)离子选择电极的研制和应用

铬(Ⅵ)离子选择电极已有报道。固膜电极用铬酸钡或铬酸铅为活性材料,流动载体电极多采用离子缔合型交换剂,如季铵盐、季鏻盐、结晶紫、四苯鉮和邻二氮菲等。ypycoB等用四辛铵等制成的PVC膜电极,线性响应下限为1×10~(-5)M。本文报道以三庚基十二烷基碘化铵为活性材料的铬(Ⅵ)离子选择电极,在氢氟酸体系中其线性响应下限为2×10~(-6)M,斜率为58mV(25℃),选择性优于ypycoB报道的电极。一、仪器     

Electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene with tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halide support electrolytes

The electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene in methylene chloride solvent with the use of platinum electrodes and tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halides (i.e., quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and arsonium compounds) as electrolyte has been investigated. The order of reactivity of the electrolytes with respect to polymerization rate and initiation efficiency was found to be: arsonium > phosphonium > ammonium. Mechanisms involving the electroreduction of the group VA quaternary halides to species capable of electroinitiating polymerization are postulated. The observed losses in solution conductivities during polymerization with the quaternary phosphonium and arsonium electrolytes indicate possible interaction between the initiating radical-ionic species and the supporting electrolyte. In an attempt to further elucidate the mechanism of initiation in these systems, a separate series of experiments, employing the nonpolymerizing monomer, 1,1-diphenylethylene, has been carried out.     

Functionalized COFs with Quaternary Phosphonium Salt for Versatilely Catalyzing Chemical Transformations of CO2

Currently, it encounters great challenges to accomplish catalyzing various kinds of carbon dioxide(CO₂) conversion reactions efficiently with single catalyst, let alone control the interplay among catalytic efficiency and selectivity evenly. Here, we prepared a functional covalent organic framework, [PTPP]_X%-TD-COF[PTPP=3-bromopropyltriphenylphosphonium; TD=1,3,5-tri(4-aminophenyl)benzene-1,4-diformylbenzene], by immobilizing the quaternary phosphonium salt onto the skeleton of COFs through a post-synthesis strategy for versatilely catalyzing reduction of CO₂ and CO₂ fixation on epoxide and aziridine facilely. With the typical features of COFs(such as porosity and ordered structure) and catalytic activity of the quaternary phosphonium salt, [PTPP]_X%-TD-COF possesses an intensely synergistic effect for catalyzing the chemical transformations of CO₂. Noteworthily, the quaternary phosphonium salt functionalized COFs catalyze the CO₂ reduction reaction with amine and phenylsilane to produce formylated and methylated products under gentle reaction conditions with high selectivity and efficiency. Furthermore, [PTPP]_X%-TD-COF shows high catalytic ability in CO₂ chemical fixation reactions.     

Synthesis of arsonium salts and betaines based on triphenylarsine and ω-bromoalkanoic acids

The reactions between Ph₃As and ω-bromoalkanoic acids with the length of polymethylene fragment n = 5, 7, 9 afford quaternary arsonium salts. Their treatment with alkali gives biologically active arsenobetaines. Solvent-free reactions of Ph₃P or Ph₃As with 2,3-dibromopropionic acid lead to the corresponding arsonium and phosphonium salts bearing (CH₂)₂COOH substituent.     

Potentiometric determination of penicillins with ion-selective electrodes

Quaternary ammonium, phosphonium and arsonium membrane electrodes sensitive to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin have been investigated. The order of merit of electrode performance is cetyltrioctylammonium> cetyltrioctylphosphonium> cetyltrioctylarsonium. The electrodes are suggested for use in rapid determination of penicillin drugs by direct potentiometry.     

POLYMER—SUPPORTED SINGLE AND MIXED AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AS CATALYSTS FOR PHASE—TRANSFER REACTIONS

In this study was to investigate,by phase-transfer catalysis,the activity of single and mixed ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted on a “gel-type“ stryene-7% divinylbenzene copolymer in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide.A wide variety of catalysts with different quaternary groups and different quaternary chain length substitutents were examined.The activity of single“onium“salts increases as a consequence of the association of ammonium and phosphonium salts grafted onn the same polymeric support.The activity of polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts increases with the number of carbon atoms contained in the alkyl radicals of the -onium and of the functionalization degree with phosphonium groups.     

Cationic Phosphonolipids Containing Quaternary Phosphonium and Arsonium Groups for DNA Transfection with Good Efficiency and Low Cellular Toxicity**

Replacing the ammonium polar head in cationic lipids 1 (A=N) by a phosphonium or an arsonium group (A=P, As) improves their properties as synthetic vectors for DNA transfection. The increased volume of the cationic head is supposed to modify the interactions of the vector with the solvent and DNA.     

Cationic Quaternary Polyelectrolytes—A Literature Review

This paper is a literature survey of quaternary ammonium, sulfonium, and phosphonium polymers.     

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SINGLE AND MIXED AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM SALTS GRAFTED ON "GEL-TYPE" STYRENE-DIVINYLBENZENE COPOLYMERS*

1.INTRODUCTIONThesynthesisofpolymer-supported"onium"salts(ammoniumandphosphonium)(1~5(wasdiscussedindetailduetothewidefieldofutilizationas:polarstationaryphasesforanionchromatography(6(,polymericreagentsfortrans-quaternizationreactions(7,8(,phase-transfercatalysts(9~13(andpolycationicbiocides(14~17(.Manychemicalmaterialssuchasozone,liquidchlorine,sodiumhydrochloride,s.a.,havebeenlargelyusedtosterilizeairandwater.Suchmaterialsrequirespecialequipmentandcarelessusemaycauseenvironmentalpolluti…