高效液相色谱法分析大豆中磷脂酰胆碱的分子种

用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）在正相半制备硅胶柱上将大豆磷脂酰胆碱与其它组分分离，从柱后收集磷脂酰胆碱（PC），然后在反相C18柱上分析其分子种组成，蒸发光散射检测器检测。在25min内将大豆磷脂酰胆碱分离成11个分子种组分，使用易挥发溶剂，可获得各种分子种的纯物质，供进一步分析。分子种根据HPLC峰的脂肪酸组成分析而确定。     

Isocratic mixed mode liquid chromatographic separation of phospholipids with octadecylsilane-silica stationary phases

Molecular species of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatadic acid were resolved by isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using mobile phases of methanol-isopropanol containing para-toluenesulfonic acid (p-tsa). Separation by both non-polar fatty acid chain length and by polar head group functionality was achieved concurrently upon a commercially available octadecylsilane (C18) column endcapped with trimethylsilane (C1) groups. Using a mobile phase of 97.5:2.5 methanol:isopropanol with 7OmMpara-toluenesulfonic acid (p-tsa) at a pH of approximately 1, twelve phospholipid species comprised of four tail group classes (dilauroyl-,dimyristoyl-, dipamitoyl- and distearoyl-) and three head group speciations (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatadic acid) were separated. The column was then exposed to the acidic mobile phase for 48 hours continuously during which the bound phase underwent severe acid-induced hydrolysis, after which the separation of the twelve analytes resulted in the separation of the phospholipid species by non-polar tail group alone. The experimental results are discussed in terms of potential separation mechanisms including dependency of the separation on adsorption of the counter ion into the stationary phase, residual acidic silanol group interactions, and potential interactions of the surface active phospholipids with C1 groups.     

磷脂的分离纯化及高效毛细管电泳分析

采用溶剂提取和柱色谱法分离纯化市售大豆粉末磷脂(卵磷脂含量14.05%),得到高纯度的卵磷脂产品(纯度92.80%)。重点建立了磷脂的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MECC)分离分析方法。以分离度和峰面积为优化指标,对表面活性剂及其浓度、电泳缓冲液pH、有机改性剂及其含量、缓冲液浓度、温度等条件进行优化,确定了最优化电泳条件:电泳缓冲液为35 mmol/L脱氧胆酸钠-1 mmol/L 硼砂缓冲液/正丙醇(体积比为57∶43)(pH 8.30),柱温44 ℃,操作电压25 kV,检测波长200 nm;内加法定性磷脂组分;外标法定量卵磷脂。结果表明,MECC法能有效分离5种磷脂组分;0.1～1 g/L的质量浓度范围内卵磷脂的线性关系良好(r=0.9990),平均回收率为98.0%,日内、日间精密度分别为1.36%和3.27%,定性结果与薄层色谱法、红外光谱法的定性结果相符。     

High-resolution analysis by nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for the identification of molecular species of phospholipids and their oxidized metabolites

Nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) was applied to identify the molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine of Caenorhabditis elegans, which has a high concentration of phospholipids with a fatty acyl chain having an odd number of carbon atoms. The molecular species of diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine with one fatty acyl chain having an odd number of carbon atoms and one fatty acyl chain having an even number of carbon atoms was identified separately from alkyl-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine with an alkyl chain having an even number of carbon atoms and a fatty acyl chain having an even number of carbon atoms. Furthermore, nano-ESI-FTICRMS was applied to the direct identification of oxidized phosphatidylcholine from soybean. The mass peaks of individual molecular species of oxidative phosphatidylcholine, such as 34:3 diacyl phosphatidylcholine with peroxide (+2O) (m/z 788.544) or 34:2 diacyl phosphatidylcholine with peroxide (+2O) (m/z 790.560), can be separated from the peaks of the molecular species of the non-oxidative phospholipids. This suggests that the mass peaks with a difference of less than 0.1 mass units in their molecular weight can be separated and that their individual exact molecular compositions can be obtained by the FTICRMS analysis. The high resolution and high accuracy of FTICRMS are very effective in the analysis of molecular species of phospholipids and their derivatives.     

Application of liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry in the analysis of glycerophospholipid molecular species

We report the application of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation with ultraviolet detection and direct, on-line, structural analyses by mass spectrometry of glycerobenzoate derivatives from complex mixtures of phospholipid molecular species. Individual phospholipids were resolved from total lipid extracts by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Diradylglycerols were released from phospholipids by phospholipase-C treatment, converted to diradyl glycerobenzoates and subsequently separated by TLC into subclasses (alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl and diacyl types). The molecular species within each subclass were resolved by HPLC with an octadecyl reversed-phase column in acetonitrile-isopropanol (80:20, v/v). Individual peaks were quantitated at the picomole level by measuring absorbance at 230 nm. After post-column addition of methanol-0.2 M ammonium acetate (50:50, v/v), peaks were introduced through the thermospray interface into a VG Masslab 30-250 quadrupole mass spectrometer. Molecular species showed as base peaks the salt adducts of the molecular ion which permitted easy deduction of the overall fatty acyl composition. In addition, the diglyceride fragment of each species was found at [MH - 122]+ and two fragments formed by the loss of the fatty acyl groups (R) in the sn-1 or sn-2 position were found at [M - R1]+ and [M - R2]+, respectively. Since preferential release of either fatty acyl group was observed in positional isomers, the ratio of the intensity of these fragments gave information on the position of the fatty acyl groups in the individual HPLC peaks. We show that the use of on-line mass spectrometry, however, provides easy identification of all molecular species present in a complex phospholipid mixture, even when more than one molecular species is contained in an HPLC peak.     

A shotgun tandem mass spectrometric analysis of phospholipids with normal-phase and/or reverse-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is used in lipidomics studies. The present research established a top-down liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) shotgun analysis method for phospholipids (PLs) using a normal-phase column or a C30 reverse-phase column with the data-dependent MS/MS scanning mode. A normal-phase column can separate most of the major different classes of PLs. By using LC/ESI-MS/MS with a normal-phase column, approximately 50 molecular species were identified in a PL mixture from rat liver. When the reverse-phase column was used, the PLs could be separated depending on their hydrophobicity, essentially the length of their fatty acyl chains and the number of unsaturated bonds in them. The LC/ESI-MS/MS method using a C30 reverse-phase column was applied to phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) mixtures as test samples. Molecular species with the same molecular mass but with different pairs of fatty acyl chains were separately identified. As a result, about 60 PC and 50 PE species were identified. PLs from rat liver were subjected to LC/ESI-MS/MS using the C30 reverse-phase column and about 110 molecular species were identified. Off-line two-dimensional LC/ESI-MS/MS with the normal-phase and C30 reverse-phase columns allowed more accurate identification of molecular species by using one-dimensional C30 reverse-phase LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis of the collected fractions.     

High-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection for the determination of phospholipid classes in human milk,infant formulas and phospholipid sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

We developed and validated a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of phospholipid classes in human milk, infant formulas and phospholipidic sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) used in paediatric nutrition. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin were separated in less than 25 min using an Extrasil silica column (150 x 4.0 mm I.D., 3-microm particle size) by isocratic elution with a mixture of isopropanol-hexane-water. Phospholipids were determined by an evaporative light-scattering detector. Several chromatographic conditions were assayed to optimise the method, whose suitability is shown by the detection limits, linearity ranges and precision rates obtained. The main advantages of the proposed method are its speed and the direct determination of the main phospholipids present in human milk, infant formulas and the phospholipid sources of LC-PUFAs used in paediatric nutrition.     

沙特常压渣油超临界流体萃取分馏宽馏分中含硫化合物的分子表征

采用超临界流体萃取分馏(SFEF)装置,将沙特中质原油常压渣油(SZAR)按照分子大小和极性强弱进行多级萃取分馏,得到四个宽馏分和一个萃余残渣。考察了四个宽馏分沸程分布、密度、残炭值、黏度、相对分子质量、硫和氮含量以及结构族组成等基本性质均随萃取压力的变化趋势。采用甲基衍生化作用使含硫化合物转化为含有极性的甲基硫盐,结合正离子模式下的电喷雾(ESI)电离源的傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)分析各馏分中所包含的含硫化合物的分子组成。结果表明,超临界萃取分馏技术可以将馏分按照分子大小进行分离,且对于非烃类化合物具有富集作用。各个馏分中含量最高的均为包含一个硫原子的S1类化合物,且二苯并噻吩(DBE=6)类含量最高。馏分越重,S1、S2类化合物含量越高、种类越繁多、且缩合程度更高,包含的更多的大分子含硫化合物。     

Improved determination of individual molecular species of phosphatidylcholine in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with internal standards.

Phosphatidylcholine isolated from samples of bile, liver and plasma was converted into 1,2-diradylglycerobenzoate molecular species by hydrolysis with phospholipase C and reaction with benzoic anhydride. Up to seventeen molecular species were separated and determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with detection at 230 nm. The major improvement introduced here was the use of distearoylphosphatidylcholine as the internal standard, which corrected the results for incomplete hydrolysis and benzoylation. Other improvements concerned the clean-up of benzoyl derivatives and the chromatographic separation. The analytical results obtained were validated by comparison with the results of either lipid phosphorus or gas chromatographic determinations.     

肝源性磷脂酰胆碱的分离纯化及其对肝癌细胞抑制作用的评价

采用氧化铝柱色谱法以95%乙醇作为洗脱剂分离纯化了肝源性磷脂酰胆碱(PC)，并采用GF254硅胶板薄层色谱法以氯仿-甲醇-水（65∶25∶4，体积比)为展开剂测定了PC的纯度。结果表明以95%乙醇洗脱氧化铝色谱柱中的磷脂时,PC可完全与磷脂酰乙醇胺分离,其纯度和得率均高于80%。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT法)测定了不同浓度的PC对大鼠肝癌CBRH-7919 胞增殖的影响,并与人白血病K562细胞做比较,发现肝源性PC对肝癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,且存在时间-剂量依赖关系。