S-Wave Superconductivity in Kagome Metal CsV_3Sb_5 Revealed by ~(121/123)Sb NQR and ~(51)V NMR Measurements

We report ~(121/123)Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance(NQR) and ~(51)V nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurements on kagome metal CsV_3 Sb_5 with T_c=2.5 K.Both ~(51)V NMR spectra and ~(121/123)Sb NQR spectra split after a charge density wave(CDW) transition,which demonstrates a commensurate CDW state.The coexistence of the high temperature phase and the CDW phase between 91 K and 94 K manifests that it is a first-order phase transition.At low temperature,electric-field-gradient fluctuations diminish and magnetic fluctuations become dominant.Superconductivity emerges in the charge order state.Knight shift decreases and 1/T_1T shows a Hebel-Slichter coherence peak just below T_c,indicating that CSV_3 Sb_5 is an s-wave superconductor.     

Robustness of the unidirectional stripe order in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5

V-based kagome materials AV₃Sb₅ (A=K, Rb, Cs) have attracted much attention due to their novel properties such as unconventional superconductivity, giant anomalous Hall effect, charge density wave (CDW) and pair density wave. Except for the 2a₀×2a₀ CDW (charge density wave with in-plane 2×2 superlattice modulation) in AV₃Sb₅, an additional 1×4 (4a₀) unidirectional stripe order has been observed at the Sb surface of RbV₃Sb₅ and CsV₃Sb₅. However, the stability and electronic nature of the 4a₀ stripe order remain controversial and unclear. Here, by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), we systematically study the 4a₀ stripe order on the Sb-terminated surface of CsV₃Sb₅. We find that the 4a₀ stripe order is visible in a large energy range. The STM images with positive and negative bias show contrast inversion, which is the hallmark for the Peierls-type CDW. In addition, below the critical temperature about 60 K, the 4a₀ stripe order keeps unaffected against the topmost Cs atoms, point defects, step edges and magnetic field up to 8 T. Our results provide experimental evidences on the existence of unidirectional CDW in CsV₃Sb₅.     

Pressure tuning of the anomalous Hall effect in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5

Controlling the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)inspires potential applications of quantum materials in the next generation of electronics.The recently discovered quasi-2D kagome superconductor CsV₃Sb₅ exhibits large AHE accompanying with the charge-density-wave(CDW)order which provides us an ideal platform to study the interplay among nontrivial band topology,CDW,and unconventional superconductivity.Here,we systematically investigated the pressure effect of the AHE in CsV₃Sb₅.Our high-pressure transport measurements confirm the concurrence of AHE and CDW in the compressed CsV₃Sb₅.Remarkably,distinct from the negative AHE at ambient pressure,a positive anomalous Hall resistivity sets in below 35 K with pressure around 0.75 GPa,which can be attributed to the Fermi surface reconstruction and/or Fermi energy shift in the new CDW phase under pressure.Our work indicates that the anomalous Hall effect in CsV₃Sb₅ is tunable and highly related to the band structure.     

A density-wave-like transition in the polycrystalline V3Sb2 sample with bilayer kagome lattice

Recently,transition-metal-based kagome metals have aroused much research interest as a novel platform to explore exotic topological quantum phenomena.Here we report on the synthesis,structure,and physical properties of a bilayer kagome lattice compound V₃Sb₂.The polycrystalline V₃Sb₂ samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state-reaction method in a sealed quartz tube at temperatures below 850℃.Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and resistivity revealed consistently a density-wave-like transition at Tdw≈160 K with a large thermal hysteresis,even though some sample-dependent behaviors were observed presumably due to the different preparation conditions.Upon cooling through Tdw,no strong anomaly in lattice parameters and no indication of symmetry lowering were detected in powder x-ray diffraction measurements.This transition can be suppressed completely by applying hydrostatic pressures of about 1.8 GPa,around which no sign of superconductivity was observed down to 1.5 K.Specific-heat measurements revealed a relatively large Sommerfeld coefficientγ=18.5 mJ·mol^-1·K^-2,confirming the metallic ground state with moderate electronic correlations.Density functional theory calculations indicate that V₃Sb₂ shows a non-trivial topological crystalline property.Thus,our study makes V₃Sb₂ a new candidate of metallic kagome compound to study the interplay between density-wave-order,nontrivial band topology,and possible superconductivity.     

Evolution of superconductivity and charge order in pressurized RbV3Sb5

The kagome metals AV₃Sb₅(A=K,Rb,Cs)under ambient pressure exhibit an unusual charge order,from which superconductivity emerges.In this work,by applying hydrostatic pressure using a liquid pressure medium and carrying out electrical resistance measurements for RbV₃Sb₅,we find that the charge order becomes suppressed under a modest pressure pc(1.4 GPa3Sb₅.Our findings point to qualitatively similar temperature-pressure phase diagrams in KV₃Sb₅ and RbV₃Sb₅,{and suggest a close link}between the second superconducting dome and the high-pressure resistance anomalies.     

Observation of multiple charge density wave phases in epitaxial monolayer 1T-VSe2 film

As a special order of electronic correlation induced by spatial modulation, the charge density wave (CDW) phenomena in condensed matters attract enormous research interests. Here, using scanning—tunneling microscopy in various temperatures, we discover a hidden incommensurate stripe-like CDW order besides the ($sqrt{7}$ × $sqrt{3}$) CDW phase at low-temperature of 4 K in the epitaxial monolayer 1T-VSe₂} film. Combining the variable-temperature angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopic (ARPES) measurements, we discover a two-step transition of an anisotropic CDW gap structure that consists of two parts Δ₁ and Δ₂. The gap part Δ₁ that closes around ～ 150 K is accompanied with the vanish of the ($sqrt{7}$ × $sqrt{3}$) CDW phase. While another momentum-dependent gap part Δ₂ can survive up to ～ 340 K, and is suggested to the result of the incommensurate CDW phase. This two-step transition with anisotropic gap opening and the resulted evolution in ARPES spectra are corroborated by our theoretical calculation based on a phenomenological form for the self-energy containing a two-gap structure Δ₁ + Δ₂, which suggests different forming mechanisms between the ($sqrt{7}$ × $sqrt{3}$) and the incommensurate CDW phases. Our findings provide significant information and deep understandings on the CDW phases in monolayer 1T-VSe₂} film as a two-dimensional (2D) material.     

121Sb and 123Sb NQR and the heterophase structure in the SbSI ferroelectric

The temperature dependences of NQR line frequencies and widths of ¹²¹Sb (for the ±1/2→±3/2 transition) and of ¹²³Sb (for the ±1/2→±3/2 and ±3/2→±5/2 transitions), as well as of the principal components and the asymmetry parameter of the electric-field-gradient tensor at the ¹²³Sb nucleus have been studied in a SbSI crystal in the 115–325 K range. The dynamic and static factors governing the character of these relations are discussed. The ±1/2→±3/2 line in the ¹²¹Sb NQR spectrum splits into a doublet within a narrow (0.5 K) temperature interval near the ferroelectric phase transition (T _c=293 K), which is associated with the formation of a macroscopic heterophase structure in the crystal. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 1286–1292 (July 1999)     

Magnetic phase transition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states in Ce(Fe1−xAlx)2

The cubic Laves phase compound Ce(Fe_0.95Al_0.05)₂ exhibits a first order magnetic phase transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state at ≈ 100 K with increasing temperature. This note gives the results of the Mössbauer effect of ⁵⁷Fe and the magnetic phase diagram in the external field vs. temperature plane.     

121Sb穆斯堡尔同质异能移研究

本文从理论上研究¹²¹Sb的穆斯堡尔同质异能移,从能带理论的观点研究固体电子结构,提出压缩原子模型,考虑固体中原子体积的有限性,并在此基础上计算核内电子电荷密度和¹²¹Sb的穆斯堡尔定标常数。 关键词：     

Effect of Mo doping on phase change performance of Sb2Te3

Mo, as a dopant, is doped into SbTe to improve its thermal stability. It is shown in this paper that the Mo-doped Sb₂Te₃ (Mo_0.26Sb₂Te₃, MST) material possesses phase change memory (PCM) applications. MST has better thermal stability than Sb₂Te₃(ST) and will crystallize only when the annealing temperature is higher than 250 ℃. With the good thermal stability, MST-based PCM cells have a fast crystallization time of 6 ns. Furthermore, endurance up to 4×10⁵ cycles with a resistance ratio of more than one order of magnitude makes MST a promising candidate for PCM applications.     

Superconductivity and unconventional density waves in vanadium-based kagome materials AV3Sb5

Recently, the discovery of vanadium-based kagome metal AV₃Sb₅ (A= K, Rb, Cs) has attracted great interest in the field of superconductivity due to the coexistence of superconductivity, non-trivial surface state and multiple density waves. In this topical review, we present recent works of superconductivity and unconventional density waves in vanadium-based kagome materials AV₃Sb₅. We start with the unconventional charge density waves, which are thought to correlate to the time-reversal symmetry-breaking orders and the unconventional anomalous Hall effects in AV₃Sb₅. Then we discuss the superconductivity and the topological band structure. Next, we review the competition between the superconductivity and charge density waves under different conditions of pressure, chemical doping, thickness, and strains. Finally, the experimental evidence of pseudogap pair density wave is discussed.     

非晶锂离子导体B2O3-Li2O-LiCl一Al2O3中VO2+的电子自旋共振

两种非晶锂离子导体B₂O₃-0.7Li₂O-0.7LiCl-xAl₂O₃-0.1V₂O₅(x=0.05和0.15)的电子自旋共振谱研究表明:(i)ESR线型是高斯型,证实V₂O₅添加量适当;(ii)超精细结构来源于VO²⁺络离子,具有四角对称性,属C_4v群。越精细耦合张量的平行分量平均值A_//=0.0175cm^-1,垂直分量A_⊥=0.0063cm^-1。由g_//(g_⊥)求出其基态²B_2g与第一激发态²E_g的能级间距△₁=2.46×10⁴ cm^-1,基态与第二激发态²B_1g的能级间距△₂=3.03×10⁴ cm^-1;(iii)变温实验证实:Al₂O₃组分较少(x=0.05)的非晶ESR强度比x=0.15的非晶高3倍至2倍,而Al₂O₃组分越多则ESR强度随温升下降越小。     

RAMAN STUDIES ON THE PHASE TRANSITIONS OF (NH4)2SnBr6 CRYSTALS

We report here the structural phase transitions of the crystal (NH₄)₂SnBr₆ investigated by Raman scattering at temperatures ranging from 10K to room temperature. Two phase transitions occurring at 150 and ll0K are found. Based on the group theory, it is proposed that the crystal undergoes a second-order phase transition at 150 K, resulting from a ferro-distortion with symmetry Γ⁴⁺. The change of structure is confirmed to be O⁵_h to C⁵_4h, which is assigned to the rotary of [SnBr₆]^2- ion groups around the axis of <001>. Furthermore the crystal undergoes an order-disorder phase transition at ll0K which is related with the reorientation of the ammonium ion group. It is noticed that the change of the vibrational modes at 77K does not show any phase transition.     

Microscopic measurements in La-NQR of the ternary carbide superconductor LaNiC2

¹³⁹La-NQR measurements have been carried out in the ternary carbide superconductor LaNiC₂. The nuclear quadrupole frequency and the asymmetry parameter of ¹³⁹La in LaNiC₂ were estimated to be about 1.9 MHz and 0, respectively. In the normal state, the nuclear spin relaxation rate (1/T₁) in the ¹³⁹La NQR signal was proportional to temperature (T) in zero external field above the superconducting transition temperature (T_c) or in an external field larger than the superconducting critical field, which means the system is in the Fermi-liquid state. In the superconducting state, on the other hand, 1/T₁ decreases no more linearly with T, but decreases rapidly exponentially as exp (−Δ/k_BT) at low T with an appreciable enhancement just below T_c. The value of the superconducting energy gap, 2Δ, was estimated to be 3.34k_BT_c, compared with 3.52k_BT_c of the BCS-value. This result strongly suggests that the superconductivity in LaNiC₂ is of a conventional BCS type.     

一种精密的边限振荡器型NQR谱仪及其应用

本文介绍一种精密的场效应管边限振荡器型核四极矩共振(NQR)谱仪。工作频率范围14MHz~35MHz,分段连续可调。这种谱仪的灵敏度高、波形失真小。在室温下,多晶粉未状氯酸钾样品中³⁵Cl的NQR频率测量精度大约3×10^-6。重结晶样品中³⁵Cl的NQR谱一次微分信号信噪比S/N ≥ 150。用该谱仪对KClO3、NaClO3、NaCl样品进行测试,得到氯的同位素³⁵Cl和37Cl的四极耦合常数比(eQq₃5Cl/(eQq₃7Cl的实测值分别为1.2687363、1.2687306、1.2687361。在77K到393K温度区间测量了氯酸钾多晶粉未状样品中³⁵Cl的NQR共振频率和温度的关系,在冰水混合温度附近,温度每变化0.1K,NQR频率的变化是478Hz。     

Photochemistry in ordered physisorbed monolayers of dinitrogen tetroxide

The effects of physisorption and two-dimensional ordering on the photochemistry of N₂O₄ were investigated. Ordered monolayers were prepared by adsorption of NO₂ at 100 K on a water-ice surface. Irradiation with a continuous light source in the wavelength region 300–400 nm or with pulsed laser radiation at 355 nm resulted in exclusive desorption of NO₂. This desorption was induced by electronic absorption directly in the adsorbate via a transition corresponding to the ( )¹B_2u←( )¹A_g transition in N₂O₄, as in the gas phase. However, the subsequent dynamics in the excited state were markedly different from the gas-phase counterpart. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry of NO₂ photodesorbed at 355 nm revealed a most probable fragment translational energy of ca. 17 meV; and the angular distribution of the nascent NO₂ was peaked sharply in a direction around 10° from the normal. It is apparent that, despite the weak interaction with the substrate, significant energy transfer occurs in the ordered physisorbed monolayer to yield nascent NO₂ with very low translational energy and a constrained angle of escape which is consistent with a high degree of adsorbate order and alignment.     

Study of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition of NaH3(SeO3)2 single crystals by H and Na NMR

The ¹H and ²³Na spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation times of NaH₃(SeO₃)₂ single crystals grown using the slow-evaporation method were measured as functions of temperature and frequency in the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases. The changes in the symmetry of the (SeO₃)²⁻ dimers as a result of the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition are associated with large changes in the spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation times, and in the number of resonance lines. The large changes in the relaxation times at 195 K indicate that the H and Na ions are significantly affected by this transition. The change in the number of resonance lines for the ¹H and ²³Na nuclei means that the orientations of the (SeO₃)²⁻ dimers and the environments of the Na ions change at T_C. Therefore, the orientations of the (SeO₃)²⁻ dimers and the environments of the Na ions play important roles in the phase transitions. In conclusion, the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition of NaH₃(SeO₃)₂ is accompanied by changes in hydrogen-bond structure and distortions of the (SeO₃)²⁻ and Na⁺ ion lattices, which form a slightly distorted octahedron.     

带微处理器的再生式14N NQR谱仪

本文介绍一种用场效应管制成的限幅再生式¹⁴N NQR谱仪。这种谱仪的频率范围为(1-5) MHz,射频幅度(0.5-4) V_P-P,为了获得数字记录的NQR谱线,利用微处理器Z-80构成的数字相敏检波系统,把数字相敏检波系统接至信号处理通道,就构成一台带有微处理器的¹⁴N NQR谱仪。用它测定了乌洛托品(HMT)、亚硝酸钠和对位澳代苯胺等十多个含氯化合物在室温与77K时的¹⁴N NQR谱线。实验结果表明,用微处理器控制的NQR谱仪的信噪比是一般谱仪的两倍。此外,这种仪器也为进一步数据处理提供方便。     

Tunable charge density wave in TiS_3 nanoribbons

Recently, modifications of charge density wave(CDW) in two-dimensional(2D) show intriguing properties in quasi-2D materials such as layered transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs). Optical, electrical transport measurements and scanning tunneling microscopy uncover the enormous difference on the many-body states when the thickness is reduced down to monolayer. However, the CDW in quasi-one-dimensional(1D) materials like transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTCs) is yet to be explored in low dimension whose mechanism is likely distinct from their quasi-2D counterparts.Here, we report a systematic study on the CDW properties of titanium trisulfide(TiS_3). Two phase transition temperatures were observed to decrease from 53 K(103 K) to 46 K(85 K) for the bulk and 15-nm thick nanoribbon, respectively,which arises from the increased fluctuation effect across the chain in the nanoribbon structure, thereby destroying the CDW coherence. It also suggests a strong anisotropy of CDW states in quasi-1D TMTCs which is different from that in TMDCs.Remarkably, by using back gate of-30 V ～ 70 V in 15-nm device, we can tune the second transition temperature from110 K(at-30 V) to 93 K(at 70 V) owing to the altered electron concentration. Finally, the optical approach through the impinging of laser beams on the sample surface is exploited to manipulate the CDW transition, where the melting of the CDW states shows a strong dependence on the excitation energy. Our results demonstrate TiS_3 as a promising quasi-1D CDW material and open up a new window for the study of collective phases in TMTCs.     

Quantum oscillations and nontrivial transport in(Bi_(0.92)In_(0.08))_2Se_3

Quantum phase transition in topological insulators has drawn heightened attention in condensed matter physics and future device applications.Here we report the magnetotransport properties of single crystalline(Bi_(0.92)In_(0.08))_2Se_3.The average mobility of～1000 cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1)is obtained from the Lorentz law at the low field(3 T)up to 50 K.The quantum oscillations rise at a field of～5 T,revealing a high mobility of～1.4×10~4cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1)at 2 K.The Dirac surface state is evident by the nontrivial Berry phase in the Landau–Fan diagram.The properties make the(Bi_(0.92)In_(0.08))_2Se_3a promising platform for the investigation of quantum phase transition in topological insulators.