电泳沉积制备氧化石墨烯-银电极及其氧还原催化性能

通过在1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）中超声剥离氧化石墨制备出稳定的氧化石墨烯（GO）分散液,添加AgNO₃使氧化石墨烯吸附Ag+而带正电荷。采用电泳沉积法使GO沉积到阴极的玻璃碳电极上,Ag+被电化学还原为单质银,均匀的分散在GO片层当中。通过AFM、SEM、Raman、XRD及元素面扫分析对制备电极的形貌、结构进行表征。在碱性环境中进行氧还原测试,结果表明GO+Ag电极的氧还原起始电位较玻璃碳电极最大正移228mV,还原电流密度最大为7.564mA·cm^-2,是玻璃碳电极的3.4倍。通过不同转速下的线性扫描曲线绘制Koutechy-Levich图,计算氧还原反应的电子转移数为3.3。     

电化学法制备电还原的氧化石墨烯-铁氰化镍修饰电极检测亚硝酸根

通过静电作用,在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面吸附一层均匀分散的Ni2+形成GO-Ni2+复合物,利用循环伏安法,把GO-Ni2+修饰电极上的Ni2+转化为铁氰化镍(Ni HCF),再通过电还原制备电还原的氧化石墨烯-铁氰化镍修饰的玻碳电极(ERGO-Ni HCF/GCE)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面结构进行了表征。研究了NO-2在不同修饰电极上的电化学行为,ERGO-Ni HCF/GCE对NO-2的氧化反应有很好的电催化活性,NO-2的浓度与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系。     

电还原氧化石墨烯-铁氰化钴修饰电极对肼的测定

本文提出了一种新的水合肼的测定方法。利用静电作用,在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面吸附一层均匀分散的Co2+形成GO-Co2+复合物,通过恒电位法电还原复合物中的GO,再利用循环伏安法将吸附的Co2+转化为铁氰化钴(CoHCF),制得电还原的氧化石墨烯-铁氰化钴修饰玻碳电极(ERGO-CoHCF/GCE)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对修饰电极表面进行了表征。研究了水合肼在该修饰电极上的电化学行为及在不同电极上的电流响应。结果表明:ERGO-CoHCF/GCE对肼具有很好的电催化氧化作用,其浓度与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系。     

交联多孔结构Mn~(2+)掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及超级电容特性

采用简单的原位氧化聚合法成功制备了Mn2+掺杂聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯(Mn2+-PANI/r GO)复合物电极材料,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学测试等手段对其结构、形貌和电化学电容性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,纳米棒状的锰离子掺杂态聚苯胺均匀分散在褶皱的石墨烯中,形成交联状的多孔结构。当电流密度为2A/g时,电极的放电比容量高达952 F/g,循环1000次后初始比电容的保持率为86.2%。过渡金属和石墨烯的加入提高了电极材料的电化学性能,高的比电容和优良的循环稳定性使Mn2+-PANI/r GO复合物在超级电容器中有很好的应用前景。     

氧化铜-过氧化聚吡咯-还原氧化石墨烯复合膜修饰电极非酶检测葡萄糖

先以氧化石墨烯(Graphen oxide,GO)为阴离子掺杂剂,采用电化学聚合法制备了聚吡咯-氧化石墨烯复合膜(PPy-GO)。分别在0.10 mol/L Na Cl和0.10 mol/L NaOH溶液中对其进行还原和过氧化处理,制得过氧化聚吡咯-还原氧化石墨烯复合膜(OPPy-ERGO)。再以此OPPy-ERGO复合膜为载体,采用电化学沉积法制备了氧化铜-过氧化聚吡咯-还原氧化石墨烯复合膜修饰电极(CuO-OPPy-ERGO/CCE)。通过扫描电镜和电化学方法对此电极进行表征,研究了葡萄糖在此修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,此电极对葡萄糖的电氧化过程表现出高的催化活性和良好的抗干扰能力。在0.20 mol/L NaOH溶液中,安培法检测葡萄糖的线性范围为5.0×10~(-7)~1.0×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限(3Sb)为2.0×10~(-7)mol/L,灵敏度为121.8μA/(mmol·L~(-1))。该电极用于血清中葡萄糖含量的测定,加标回收率为96.0%~110.1%。     

石墨烯修饰电极电化学阻抗法测量油脂的氧化诱导时间

分别采用滴涂法制备石墨烯(GR)-壳聚糖(CS)修饰玻碳电极(GR-CS/GCE),以及电沉积-还原氧化石墨烯(GO)修饰玻碳电极(rGO/GCE),并对修饰电极进行了电化学表征。结果表明,rGO/GCE比GR-CS/GCE及GCE有较小的电子转移阻抗和较大的表观活性面积。rGO/GCE电极的制备条件为GO悬浮液浓度1.0g/L、扫描速度20mV/s和电沉积30圈。优化了油脂阻抗测量条件,研究了油脂样品在rGO/GCE上的交流阻抗行为。根据rGO/GCE可以快速、准确地测量实际油脂样品(杏仁油)氧化过程中阻抗值及其变化,据此建立了一种简便、灵敏和准确测量油脂氧化诱导时间的电化学分析方法。     

石墨烯中杂原子对镉离子检测性能的影响研究

本文基于氧化石墨烯(GO)、电化学还原氧化石墨烯(ERGO)和氮掺杂石墨烯(NG)三种石墨烯材料修饰的电极制备了镉离子(Cd~(2+))电化学传感器。利用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法分析检测Cd~(2+),系统的比较了不同石墨烯材料修饰电极的电化学性质及检测效果。结果表明GO修饰的传感器在灵敏度、检测限和可重复性方面优于ERGO和NG,说明了石墨烯上含氧基团的存在提高了Cd~(2+)检测的灵敏度。     

石墨烯负载Pt催化剂的制备及催化氧还原性能

采用直接化学还原法, 以金属钠为还原剂, 四氯乙烯为碳源, 在石蜡油中不经氧化石墨(GO)和氧化石墨烯(GrO)而直接制备石墨烯(Gr), 然后将Pt纳米粒子担载在Gr基体上, 得到Pt/Gr催化剂, 并对其催化氧还原(OR)性能进行了研究. 通过X射线衍射(XRD), 透射电镜(TEM)和电化学测试对合成催化剂的结构、形貌和电化学性质进行了表征. 实验结果表明: 所制备的Pt/Gr催化剂具有较好的分散性, 平均粒径为3.1 nm; 氧还原起始电位比商业JM-Pt/C催化电极正移了24 mV; 交换电流密度达到1×10^-3 mA·cm^-2, 是商业JM-Pt/C催化电极的2.5倍.     

石墨烯负载Pt催化剂的制备及催化氧还原性能

采用直接化学还原法, 以金属钠为还原剂, 四氯乙烯为碳源, 在石蜡油中不经氧化石墨(GO)和氧化石墨烯(GrO)而直接制备石墨烯(Gr), 然后将Pt纳米粒子担载在Gr基体上, 得到Pt/Gr催化剂, 并对其催化氧还原(OR)性能进行了研究. 通过X射线衍射(XRD), 透射电镜(TEM)和电化学测试对合成催化剂的结构、形貌和电化学性质进行了表征. 实验结果表明: 所制备的Pt/Gr催化剂具有较好的分散性, 平均粒径为3.1 nm; 氧还原起始电位比商业JM-Pt/C催化电极正移了24 mV; 交换电流密度达到1×10^-3 mA·cm^-2, 是商业JM-Pt/C催化电极的2.5倍.     

氧化石墨烯片层大小对其修饰电极探测汞离子的影响

研究了石墨烯衍生物片层尺寸对Hg~(2+)检测的影响。通过超声制得片层大小不同的氧化石墨烯(GO),利用循环伏安法电化学还原得到相应的还原氧化石墨烯(rGO),然后利用循环伏安法研究了rGO/玻碳电极(GCE)和L-半胱氨酸(L-cys)/rGO/GCE两种修饰电极对于Hg~(2+)的响应,以及不同片层大小氧化石墨烯对应的rGO/GCE和L-cys/rGO/GCE修饰电极对于Hg2+响应的不同。     

Silver nanoparticle assemblies supported on glassy-carbon electrodes for the electro-analytical detection of hydrogen peroxide

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide using an edge-plane pyrolytic-graphite electrode (EPPG), a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and a silver nanoparticle-modified GC electrode is reported. It is shown, in phosphate buffer (0.05 mol L^–1, pH 7.4), that hydrogen peroxide cannot be detected directly on either the EPPG or GC electrodes. However, reduction can be facilitated by modification of the glassy-carbon surface with nanosized silver assemblies. The optimum conditions for modification of the GC electrode with silver nanoparticles were found to be deposition for 1 min at –0.5 V vs. Ag from 5 mmol L^–1 AgNO₃/0.1 mol L^–1 TBAP/MeCN, followed by stripping for 2 min at +0.5 V vs. Ag in the same solution. A wave, due to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide on the silver nanoparticles is observed at –0.68 V vs. SCE. The limit of detection for this modified nanosilver electrode was 2.0×10^–6 mol L^–1 for hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer (0.05 mol L^–1, pH 7.4) with a sensitivity which is five times higher than that observed at a silver macro-electrode. Also observed is a shoulder on the voltammetric wave corresponding to the reduction of oxygen, which is produced by silver-catalysed chemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen then oxygen reduction at the surface of the glassy-carbon electrode.     

Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes modified with plumbagin

The preparation and electrochemical characterization of glassy carbon electrodes modified with plumbagin were investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and rotating disc electrode techniques. The cyclic voltammograms of the electroreduction of oxygen showed an enhanced current peak at approximately −0.289 V in air-saturated phosphate buffer pH = 7 and scan rate 10 mV s⁻¹. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the reduction of oxygen at glassy carbon have been evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. The experimental parameters were optimized and the mechanism of the catalytic process was discussed. The obtained values of E°′ (V vs. Ag/AgCl), the apparent electron transfer rate constant k_s (s⁻¹), heterogeneous rate constant for the reduction of O₂ at the surface of the modified electrode k_h (M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and α (charge transfer coefficient of oxygen) were as follows: −0.146, 23.4, 9.9 × 10³ and 0.57, respectively. In addition, plumbagin exhibited strong catalytic activity toward the reduction of H₂O₂.     

Silver nanoparticles embedded phosphomolybdate–polyaniline hybrid electrode for electrocatalytic reduction of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Hybrid silver/phosphophomolybdate/polyaniline (Ag/PMo12/PAni) was obtained through one pot synthesis, and then, it was successfully fabricated on the glassy carbon electrode by simple casting method for electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The cyclic voltammetric studies of the Ag/PMo12/PAni hybrid electrode suggest that the electronic properties of the phosphomolybdate are retained even after the formation of hybrid material and in addition effectively electro-catalyzing the reduction of H₂O₂ with a less negative over potential. The Ag/PMo12/PAni-modified electrode showed the lowest detection limit (750 nM) for H₂O₂ reduction among the hybrid-modified electrodes already reported with a sensitivity of 4.398 nA μM⁻¹. The prepared hybrid material was well characterized by using UV, XRD and TEM analysis.     

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with Diazonium‐derived Porphyrin/Metalloporphyrin Films

In this study, the influence of the film structure was investigated on the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction at GC electrodes covered with porphyrin and metalloporphyrin rings via the diazonium modification method. For that purpose, primarily, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) films on GC electrode surfaces were prepared by electroreduction of in situ generated diazonium salts of 5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin (APP) and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) molecules. Next, the formation of metalloporphyrin films on the modified surfaces was accomplished through the complexation reactions of surface porphyrin rings with metal ions in the salt solutions containing Mn(II), Fe(III) and Co(II) ions. The resulting porphyrin and metalloporphyrin layers were identified with XPS and ICP‐MS. The electrochemical barrier properties of the films on GC surfaces were examined by cyclic voltammetry in K₃Fe(CN)₆ aqueous solution. The electrocatalytic abilities of the resulting films were also investigated for the oxygen electrochemical reduction by employing cyclic voltammetry in PBS solutions saturated with oxygen. The results showed that the oxygen reduction potentials on modified GC electrodes were shifted to less negative potentials compared to that of bare GC electrode. Also, it was obtained that the oxygen reduction reaction was more effective on the GC electrodes modified with TPP rings by using TAPP molecules than those prepared by using APP molecules.     

银离子交换的沸石修饰电极的循环伏安新特性

银离子交换沸石Y修饰电极(Ag⁺-沸石Y)的循环伏安(CV)行为, 不同于溶液中的银离子在固体银电极表面上的CV行为. Ag⁺-沸石电极中银离子还原电位明显受沸石体内银簇影响. 依据Ag⁺-沸石修饰电极在含有能够与银离子形成难溶盐的电解质中的CV行为, 本文发现了沸石对溶液中阴离子具有尺寸选择效应, 并解释了银离子交换沸石修饰电极的循环伏安反应特性.     

Investigation of the interaction between cobalt sulfide coatings and Ag(I) ions using cyclic voltammetry in KClO4 and NaOH aqueous solutions and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cobalt sulfide coatings have been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M KClO₄ and 0.1 M NaOH solutions and analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They have been shown to contain CoS(OH), CoS and Co(OH)₂. After treating such Co sulfide coatings with AgNO₃ solution, their composition changes: both the cobalt and oxygen content decreases and Ag (up to 85 at%) appears in the coating as Ag₂S, Ag₂O and metallic Ag. Co(II) compounds react with Ag⁺ ions according to an exchange reaction [CoS+2Ag⁺+2H₂O→Ag₂S+Co(OH)₂+2H⁺]. In the course of the reaction of Co(OH)₂ with silver ions, a redox process occurs, giving metallic silver [Co(OH)₂+Ag⁺+H₂O→Ag°+Co(OH)₃+H⁺ or Co(OH)₂+Ag⁺→Ag°+CoO(OH)+H⁺]. Ag₂S reduction takes place at more positive potentials than Cu reduction; therefore sulfide layers of cobalt modified with silver ions, unlike unmodified ones, may be plated with Cu from both acid and alkaline electrolytes. Electronic Publication     

Electropolymerization of iron tetra(<Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-aminophenyl)porphyrin from aqueous solution and the electrocatalytic behavior of modified electrode

Stable electroactive iron tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin (FeTAPP) films are prepared by electropolymerization from aqueous solution by cycling the electrode potential between −0.4 and 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl at 0.1 V s⁻¹. The cyclic voltammetric response indicates that polymerization takes place after the oxidation of amino groups, and the films could be produced on glassy carbon (GC) and gold electrodes. The film growth of poly(FeTAPP) was monitored by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The cyclic voltammetric features of Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple in the film resembles that of surface confined redox species. The electrochemical response of the modified electrode was found to be dependent on the pH of the contacting solution with a negative shift of 57 mV/pH. The electrocatalytic behavior of poly(FeTAPP) film-modified electrode was investigated towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide, molecular oxygen, and chloroacetic acids (mono-, di-, and tri-). The reduction of hydrogen peroxide, molecular oxygen, and dichloroacetic acid occurred at less negative potential on poly(FeTAPP) film compared to bare GC electrode. Particularly, the overpotential of hydrogen peroxide was reduced substantially. The O₂ reduction proceeds through direct four-electron reduction mechanism.     

Preconcentration and electroanalysis of silver at pt electrode modified with poly(2-aminothiazole)

Conducting poly(2-aminothiazole) (PAT) films were electrodeposited on a platinum disc electrode surface by constant potential electrolysis of 2-aminothiazole (AT) for the stripping voltammetric determination of Ag(I). Ag(I) was preconcentrated on the polymer matrix by dipping the modified Pt electrode (PAT-Pt electrode) into Ag(I)(aq) solution. Effects of the film thickness, reduction potential, pH, preconcentration time, Ag(I) concentration and the interference of some other metal ions on the oxidation peak current of silver were studied. Cu(II) interference observed to be significant for the stripping voltammetric determination of Ag(I). The detection limit was calculated on the basis of signal to noise ratio of 3 as 2 × 10^?7 mol L^?1.     

Polyaniline‐Modified Silver and Binary Silver‐Cobalt Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Novel dendrite‐like silver particles were electrodeposited on Ti substrates from a supporting electrolyte‐free 30 mmol L^?1 Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ solution, to synthesize the den‐Ag/Ti electrode. Binary Ag_xCo_y/Ti electrodes with different Ag:Co atomic ratios were further obtained by electrodeposition of Co particles on the den‐Ag/Ti electrode. Polyaniline (PANI) modified den‐Ag/Ti and Ag_xCo_y/Ti electrodes, PANI(n)‐den‐Ag/Ti and PANI(n)‐Ag_xCo_y/Ti, were also obtained by cyclic voltammetry at different numbers of cycles (n) in acidic and alkaline solutions containing aniline, respectively. All these electrodes exhibit high electroactivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution and their electroactivities follow the order: PANI(15)‐Ag₃₁Co₆₉/Ti>Ag₃₁Co₆₉/Ti>PANI(20)‐den‐Ag/Ti>den‐Ag/Ti. Among them, PANI(15)‐Ag₃₁Co₆₉/Ti displays the highest electrocatalytic activity for ORR with a much positive onset potential of 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a high ORR current density of 1.2 mA cm^?2 at ?0.12 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The electrocatalysts are electrochemically insensitive to methanol and ethanol oxidation, and, as cathode electrocatalysts of direct alcohol fuel cells, can resist poisoning by the possible alcohol crossover from the anode.