国内中学化学教育应用SOLO分类理论的研究进展:2006-2014

对2006年至2014年间国内中学化学教育应用SOLO分类理论的46篇文献进行综述。归纳出SOLO分类理论的4个主要应用,分别是分析和编制试题与评分标准,分析高考试题的SOLO层次,指导课堂教学设计和实践,指导化学学习心理实证研究。对SOLO分类理论的4个主要应用均进行了具体地介绍和评述,认为未来应该继续深入地开展相应的理论和实践研究。建议加强中学化学教师对SOLO分类理论的学习,开展关注学生SOLO层次真实情况的实证研究。     

SOLO分类评价理论在化学教学中的应用

SOLO分类评价法是一种有发展前景的质性评价方法。在简介SOLO理论知识的基础上,通过化学教学以及评价的实例分析该评价方法如何指导实践,旨在让中学化学教师能多了解这种方法并将其应用在日常教学中,使之发挥更大的作用。     

SOLO分类理论在科学探究教学中的应用初探

利用SOLO分类理论分析化学教学目标,指出SOLO分类理论和化学教学目标与思维层次分类都存在一定的对应关系,根据学生思维的发展阶段,应用SOLO分类法确立“科学探究”栏目的主要学习目标,并结合实例探讨SOLO分类理论与科学探究栏目教学的融合。     

利用SOLO分类理论分析中澳高考化学试题的差异

在简介SOLO分类理论的基础上,通过对2017-2018年澳大利亚VCE和江苏高考化学试卷的SOLO层次差异、试卷结构、试题的呈现方式、考查内容的用途方向和能力层次等方面进行比较,分析中澳试题各自的特色和优势。旨在让中学化学教师能多了解这种优势并将其应用在日常教学和命题中,使之发挥更大的作用。     

SOLO分类理论在高三化学平衡常数复习课教学中的应用

利用SOLO分类理论对高考试题进行能力结构分析,同时对学生在2021年全国甲、乙卷和湖北卷中的作答进行分析,诊断学生在化学反应原理主观题知识模块所处的SOLO水平。对比分析出大多数学生在解答化学反应原理试题的过程中处于多点结构水平,与高考试题呈现的SOLO水平有一定的差距。经访谈分析了不同SOLO水平的学生思维能力的不足之处,制定了高三渐进式复习策略。以化学平衡常数复习课为例,利用SOLO分类理论设计了多层级能力水平的复习内容和不同轮次复习的目标。     

基于SOLO分类理论的高中生化学反应原理学习水平发展研究

基于SOLO分类理论,开发测试工具,测试工具由30道封闭的SOLO试题构成,具有良好的信度和效度。以广东省高二和高三年级的学生为测试对象,对高中生化学反应原理学习水平的发展进行研究。通过一系列的差异性分析发现：(1)总体上,高二和高三年级学生关于化学反应原理的学习水平存在显著性差异,且高中生化学反应原理学习水平呈上升的发展趋势;(2)不同章节上,高二和高三年级学生的学习水平存在差异。同时,提出相应的教学建议。     

基于SOLO理论的高中生化学多重表征转换能力的测查研究——以化学平衡主题为例

将化学平衡主题作为研究载体,利用SOLO分类评价理论对学生的思维转换过程进行多点赋分,以纸笔测试的方法,评价学生在多重表征之间转换的能力。并根据调查结果提出相应的建议,为教师化学平衡的教学和学生学科核心素养的提升提供参考。     

化学教研成果转化的理论与实践

化学教研成果转化到教学中对提高化学教学质量具有至关重要的作用。构建“教学、教研、成果转化与评价”的循环体系,可保证化学教研成果的有效转化。教学研究成果转化的实践途径有多种,就高师院校化学课程与教学论教师而言,主要有：(1)在理论课教学中转化,优化教学理念;(2)在实验课教学中转化,更新实验内容;(3)在指导第二课堂活动中转化,培养动手能力;(4)在指导教育实习中转化,丰富实习资源;(5)在指导毕业论文中转化,提高创新能力;(6)在考核学习成绩中转化,完善评价手段;(7)在为基础教育服务中转化,引领中学化学教学;(8)在对外交流中转化,展现学校风采。     

基于SOLO分类理论的高考化学主观题的结构分析

借助SOLO分类理论作为评价工具,以定量的方式对2013-2015年间山东省高考化学试题进行解构与分析,并将试题在4个SOLO能力层次上的分值分布情况与试题难度、区分度等实测数据进行了比对研究。没有采用以往常见的以定性评价为主的高考试题分析模式,而是尝试采用定量方式对山东省高考必做试题中的主观性试题进行分析和评价,进而寻找高考化学试题适宜的SOLO试题结构。     

化学实验报告中“实验反思”的2种评价方法

运用开放试题的质性评价方法PTA量表和SOLO分类理论优化中学生实验报告中的“实验反思”的评价,构建化学实验反思评价的PTA量表与SOLO分类水平,为教师改进批改实验报告和评价学生实验操作提供参考。     

充满生机和科学机遇的磷化学研究所

简要地综述了第十五届国际磷化学会议的报告内容，介绍了目前磷化学的主要 研究领域，包括不对称合成、配合化学，生物碱化学，药物化学，农业化学等相关 领域的研究动态及新进展。     

Novel arylpyridine‐based 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles: Synthesis,antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory evaluation

In view of developing novel bioactive compounds, a series of 2‐(5‐[2‐methyl‐6‐arylpyridin‐3‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio)‐1‐arylethanones (6a–n) were designed and synthesized in good yield. Novel compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bascillus subtilis, Eschericia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Compounds 6a , 6b , 6c , 6h , and 6i displayed the highest antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25–12.5 μg/mL in comparison with the standard Ciprofloxacin. The results of anti‐inflammatory activity of carrageenan‐induced footpad edema assay indicated that tested compounds exhibited remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity with percentage of inhibition of 63.9–70.1% (potency 96.8–106.20% of indomethacin activity) after 3 hr. Particularly, 6c – e and 6j – l were found to be excellent inhibitors of inflammation, with potential higher than that of the standard, Indomethacin.     

Novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives embedded with benzimidazole moiety as potent antioxidants

Fourteen novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives bearing benzimidazole moiety ( 7a-n ) have been synthesized using the one-pot nitro reductive cyclization method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), ¹³C NMR, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), mass spectrum, and elemental analyses. All the title compounds were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the compounds was examined using DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging methods. The results demonstrated that compound 3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-6-4-tolyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine ( 7c ) was potent in scavenging both DPPH and nitric oxide radical with IC₅₀ values of 13.57 and 18.55 μg/ml when compared to the standard with IC₅₀ values of 23.75 and 23.14 μg/ml, respectively, which was due to the presence of electron-donating groups. The activity was found to decline when electron-donating groups were replaced by electron-withdrawing groups. Moderate scavenging activity was observed for the superoxide radical. Structure activity relationship and physiochemical properties were studied for all the derivatives.     

Dual zinc catalysts for L‐lactide polymerization and reaction of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide

A series of zinc complexes, [ L ^X ZnEt] ( 1–5 ) and [ L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) , associated with NNO‐tridentate Schiff base ligands (2‐(((2‐((cyclohexyl[methyl]amino)methyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolate (CAP) derivatives), were synthesized, and their activity toward ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide (LA) and the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide were also investigated. All of [ L ^X ZnEt] revealed excellent catalytic activity to ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA in the presence of benzyl alcohol. Among them, [ L ^H ZnEt] (1) showed the highest activity with 82% conversation within 45 s. In contrast, [L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) were inactive in ROP of L‐lactide. In addition, all of these Zn complexes demonstrated moderate activity in the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide in the presence of Bu₄NCl.     

Exploring recent developments on 1,2,4-triazole: Synthesis and biological applications

Triazoles are nitrogen-bearing heterocycles. In the last few decades, researchers have focused on fused heterocycles, as they have better pharmacological effect compared to triazoles alone. Among the two isomers of triazole, this article aims to explore the work carried out on 1,2,4-triazole and N-bridged heterocycles derived from 1,2,4-triazole in last 18 years, highlight different synthetic pathways, and present a brief summary of the different biological activities possessed by 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The information collected in this article is expected to help researchers to discover novel therapeutic agents for better applications in the field of pharmaceutical science.     

Biologically inspired 3Fe4S cluster as structural mimics of FeMoco M-cluster

A 3Fe4S cluster related to M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase is reported. [K(THF)₅][Fe₃(μ-bdt)₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] ( 1 ) is synthesized from photo-assisted structural rearrangement of [K(THF)₂][(μ,κ²-bdt)Fe₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] under visible light irradiation. The molecular structure of 1 consists of a Fe₃ core bearing one dithiolate bridge and the second dithiolate group capping onto the metallic plane. The structural motif of 1 is analogous to that of Mo-participated 3Fe4S unit in M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase, with the similar Fe-Fe and Fe-S bond distances. Upon protonation in 193 K, a Fe-hydride species ( 1H ) is generated and characterized to possess the bridging hydride group (δ = −12.57 ppm) by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation. In CH₃CN solution, complex 1 exhibits a reversible reduction and oxidation process at $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{red}}$ = −1.94 V and $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{ox}}$ = −0.18 V, respectively, at 273 K. The reduction behavior of 1 in CH₂Cl₂ solution at 243 K displays a slight modification in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, revealing a moderate anodic potential shift (~50 mV). The current amplitude of the reduction wave is linearly increased with the increasement of acid added, indicative of the catalytic event.     

环戊二烯类有机金属含硫族化学的新进展

本文系统地综述了环戊二烯类有机过渡金属含硫族(S, Se, Te) 化学领域的研究现状和进展。参考文献136 篇。     

化学学科的新视角及其在化学教育中的反映

传统化学以研究变化,关注变化前后的结果而著称。化学与其他学科,特别是生命科学的相互渗透使得化学的动态特征更加突出,化学学科格局也因之发生了变化。因此,化学需要新认识。     

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

This article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO₂ Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio-coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO₂ being released compared to CH₄. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N₂O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16–18°C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature.     

The Chemistry of Protactinium

Protactinium exhibits an ambivalent chemical behavior. In non-aqueous solutions and in the solid state, both quadrivalent and quinquevalent protactinium has properties which characterize it as a typical actinide element. On the other hand, investigations in aqueous solution show quinquevalent protactinium to be a homologue of niobium and tantalum. It exhibits – except in hydrofluoric acid solutions – a marked tendency to undergo irreversible hydrolysis and condensation reactions, which leads to the situation that tracer amounts (ca. 10^?12 mole/l) and macroscopic amounts (10^?3–10^?6 mole/l) of protactinium often behave differently. Reduction with strong reducing agents gives aqueous solutions of Pa(IV), the properties of which again correspond in general to those of Th(IV) and show no relation to Nb(IV). Our knowledge of the chemical behavior of this rare radioelement has been advanced, in particular, by the production in 1958–1960 of 100 g of pure protactinium – the largest amount so far – from residues of the British production of uranium.