以氨基酸为晶体生长控制剂合成多级纳米结构的硫化铟空心微球

以水热方法制备具有多级纳米结构的In2S3空心微球. 通过对不同反应时间产物的跟踪表征, 证明微球中空结构的形成归因于Ostwald ripening机理. 空心微球的壳层由In2S3的纳米粒子或纳米片组成, In2S3空心球的紫外可见光谱蓝移以及荧光光谱在约385 nm的强发射和364 nm的弱发射, 均显示了纳米尺度In2S3晶体的量子局限效应. 以不同的氨基酸作为晶体生长修饰剂, 可以选择性地制备不同表面形貌的In2S3空心微球, 显示了氨基酸的不同功能团在In2S3晶体生长过程中对表面形貌的控制作用.     

配合物[Sm(C7H5O3)2(C4H6NO2S)]·2H2O的热化学研究

将六水氯化钐,水杨酸与硫代脯氨酸3种物质一起反应,制得了一种新的稀土三元固体配合物[Sm(C7H5O3)2(C4H6NO2S)].2H2O(s)。通过红外光谱、热重差热分析、元素分析等手段确定了其结构与组成。在常压、298.15 K下,分别测定了六水氯化钐、水杨酸、硫代脯氨酸和该配合物在混合溶剂(二甲亚砜∶乙醇∶3 mol.L-1HCl=1∶1∶1)中的溶解焓,并根据热化学原理得出了298.15 K时配合物[Sm(C7H5O3)2(C4H6NO2S)].2H2O(s)的标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHmΘ=(-2913.73±3.10)kJ.mol-1。     

三种纳米片组装的α-4CaO·5B_2O_3·7H_2O纳米结构的可控制备、表征及其阻燃性能

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和Na2B4O7·10H2O为原料,水和乙醇为混合溶剂,在水热120℃条件下,可控制备了α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O纳米片以及由纳米片组装成的球形和蚕蛹状α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O纳米结构,通过X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对产物进行了表征.考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂及表面活性剂等条件对硼酸钙α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O形貌及尺寸的影响,提出了α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O纳米结构的可能形成机理.通过热分析法研究了三种不同形貌硼酸钙α-4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O样品的阻燃性能,结果表明其阻燃性能比非纳米样品好.     

MoS_2多级纳米结构的合成及锂离子电池性能

采用水热法,在200℃,S/Mo摩尔比为4.3∶1的条件下,水热反应24 h,合成出由MoS_2纳米片堆积而成的花墙状多级纳米结构.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对产物物相和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,MoS_2纳米片厚度约为10 nm,花墙状多级纳米结构可达十至数十微米,具有较好的均匀性.MoS_2多级纳米结构作为锂离子电池负极材料,在高电流密度下表现出良好的循环稳定性.     

配合物[Sm（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）]·2H2O的热化学研究

将六水氯化钐,水杨酸与硫代脯氨酸3种物质一起反应,制得了一种新的稀土三元固体配合物[Sm（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）].2H2O（s）。通过红外光谱、热重差热分析、元素分析等手段确定了其结构与组成。在常压、298.15 K下,分别测定了六水氯化钐、水杨酸、硫代脯氨酸和该配合物在混合溶剂（二甲亚砜∶乙醇∶3 mol.L-1HCl=1∶1∶1）中的溶解焓,并根据热化学原理得出了298.15 K时配合物[Sm（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）].2H2O（s）的标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHmΘ=（-2913.73±3.10）kJ.mol^-1。     

纳米CeO2的形貌控制与表征

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和(NH4)2CO3为沉淀源,利用柠檬酸作为络合剂和分散剂,实现了对CeO2前驱体的形貌和尺寸控制,并采用TEM,TGA和XRD等方法对前驱体及其热分解所得纳米CeO2的形貌及结晶性等进行了表征.结果表明,随着柠檬酸加入量的提高,前驱体形貌从纳米线向类球形颗粒变化,焙烧生成的纳米CeO2颗粒的形貌具有明显继承性,所得CeO2属于立方萤石结构,且随焙烧温度的提高,晶化程度增大.     

超声喷雾共沉淀法制备纳米氧化锡粉体及其气敏性研究

采用超声波喷雾技术,以SnCl4·5H2O和CO(NH2)2为前驱体原料制备了氧化锡以及Ce稀土离子掺杂纳米粉体.详细地研究了超声喷雾条件、反应时间以及化学组分对纳米SnO2粉体的形貌和尺寸的影响规律,以及前驱体沉淀物脱水化学处理的条件.用XRD,TEM研究了所获纳米粒子的晶相和形貌.结果表明,制备的SnO2纳米粒子呈球状,尺寸在10～20 nm,纳米颗粒均匀,分散性好.以该粉体为基础制备了相应的气敏元件,测定了气体灵敏度与温度和稀土元素掺杂的关系.研究测试表明,纳米SnO2半导体气敏元件对NO2气体有着良好的响应-恢复特性,并且具有较高的灵敏度和较低的工作温度.稀土元素铈的掺杂能明显提高纳米SnO2粉体的气敏性能.     

制备工艺对Mn-Fe/ZSM-5催化剂在NH3-SCR催化还原反应中催化性能的影响

分别采用共沉淀法和浸渍法、不同铁前驱物以及不同焙烧温度等研究了制备工艺对Mn-Fe/ZSM-5催化剂的结构、化学组分及NH3-SCR活性的影响。结果显示,当采用Fe(NO3)3作为Fe前驱物,并用共沉淀法制备、300°C焙烧条件下得到的MFZ-CP-N-300样品低温活性最优,在120°C时,其NO的转化率达到96.7%,120-300°C范围内NO转化率始终保持在95%以上。同时利用XRD、NH3-TPD、XPS、SEM、TEM、氮吸附等手段对催化剂结构、晶相、酸位、锰铁氧化物的化学形态及表面的形貌特征进行表征分析。结果表明锰铁氧化物分别以MnO2-Mn2O3和Fe2O3的形式高度分散于催化剂表面,特别是当Mn4+/Mn3+比例为1.254时,有较强的表面中强酸和较多的酸位数,从而增加了NH3的吸附能力,提高NO的转化率。     

热分解法制备Y_2O_2S∶Eu~(3+)纳米粒子(英文)

采用热分解法和硫熔法分别合成了纳米Y2O2S∶Eu3+和体相Y2O2S∶Eu3+。其中硫氧化钇纳米粒子的制备是以水热法合成的Y(OH)3为前驱体,随后在激活剂和硫的共同作用下焙烧得到的。结果表明,所得Y2O2S∶Eu3+为单一纯相纳米粒子,粒径分布集中,大小约80nm,而前驱体Y(OH)3为纳米棒状,形貌上的这一巨大变化是由激活剂和硫粉在高温煅烧过程所形成的熔融物的腐蚀作用造成的。荧光光谱分析表明,Eu3+能有效地掺入硫氧化钇基质中,并具有良好的发光性能。此外,还探讨了纳米粒子的形成机理。     

三维有序大孔Al2O3制备的新方法及表征

以聚苯乙烯胶晶为模板,用Al(NO3)3•9H2O为前驱物,使用柠檬酸为配体,成功地制备了孔径为250～350 nm的三维有序大孔Al2O3材料.SEM观察表明,所得大孔材料孔结构规则排列,孔与孔之间通过小孔相连,形成了一个三维有序排列的蜂窝状结构.实验发现,以Al(NO3)3•9H2O为前驱物,加入柠檬酸可以防止团聚粒子的产生,有利于三维有序结构的形成.前驱物浓度在0.5～0.8 mol•L－1范围内均能得到较好的三维有序大孔结构.在1 100 ℃焙烧2 h后,Al2O3大孔材料仍能保持完整的规则孔结构特征,表现出较高的热稳定性.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).