核磁共振电信号内标法在人体尿液定量分析中的应用

研究了Varian谱仪核磁共振电信号内标法在人体尿液代谢物浓度测定上的应用,通过实验证明了该方法进行定量分析的可靠性.NMR电信号内标法原理上是通过Varian谱仪去耦通道在常规一维谱图上产生一个参考信号,并利用谱仪软件程序来调整该信号在频谱上的强度、频率、衰减速率等参数.避免了代谢组学中NMR定量实验需要添加已知浓度物质(例如TSP)作为内标而引起的内标物与样品相互作用、谱峰重叠、内标物不溶及弛豫时间太长等问题.研究结果表明,Varian谱仪去耦通道产生的电信号稳定可靠(标准偏差0.36%),能够用于定量分析;当样品浓度大于20 mmol/L或小于2 mmol/L时,该方法测定的相对误差分别为1%和5%.通过配制低浓度的尿液模型样品,验证了电信号内标法测量人体尿液代谢物的浓度的可行性,最后使用该方法测量真实的人体尿液中常见代谢物的浓度,测定结果与医院常用生化分析仪器的测定结果相符.     

核磁共振法研究固体表面上的吸附

应用JEOL FX-90Q NMR谱仪测定了吸附在NaY分子筛,氧化铝,二氧化硅上的四甲基硅烷和正己烷的核磁氢谱和碳谱.结果表明,在一些吸附体系的研究中,现有仪器适用于液体样品,以氢谱和碳谱比较发现碳谱在分辨率分方面较之氢谱有几个优点,顺磁杂质对谱线宽度有明显影响.在NaY分子筛上预先吸附氢以后再吸附乙烯,其吸附速率低于未吸附氢的样品.     

重水溶液中稀土—吡啶-2,6-二羧酸配合物的第二配位圈~lH NMR顺磁位移

第二配位圈概念是将内层配位圈看成一个实体而提出来的.关于金属离子第二配位圈的NMR研究已有不少报道.我们在对稀土—吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(DPA)配合。物Ln(DPA)_3进行NMR研究的同时,观察到了由溶剂分子形成的第二配位圈的顺磁位移效应. 实验实验过程已在前文报道.样品中稀土离子的浓度为0.05±0.01mol·dm~(-3),稀土离子与配体DPA的摩尔比为1:4.所用仪器为Varian XL-200谱仪(超导磁体,平行场)和Bruker WP-80谱仪(电磁铁,垂直场).室温下测试.溶剂D_2O中残留的~1H峰相对于外标H_2O的变化列于表1.     

~1H NMR研究丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠的缔合行为

丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠(1)对治疗冠心病有较好的疗效.本文用~1H NMR方法对它在溶液中的缔合行为进行了研究,旨在为其药理提供参考. 实验称取一定量1(中国科学院药物研究所惠赠)置5mm NMR样品管中,用微量进样器加入氘代溶剂(北京化工厂产品),配成所需浓度.在XL-200超导NMR谱仪上测试,观察频率200MHz,温度20℃.D_2O中以二氧六环(3.72ppm)为内标,C_5D_5N中以残存溶剂峰(6.98,7.35,8.50ppm),DMSO-d_6和GF_3CO_2D中以TMS(0ppm)为内标.用反转恢复法测自旋晶格弛豫时间T_1,按最小二乘法自编BASIC程序在Apple微机上拟合出缔合平衡常数K.     

聚甲基丙烯酸锡酯的NMR研究——Ⅱ.锡原子的配位形式及其对各基团运动的影响

本文用NMR方法研究了聚甲基丙烯酸锡酯样品(PTMTM、PTETM、PTBTM)中锡原子的配位形式,结果表明:处于不同状态的样品,其锡原子的配位形式不尽相同,样品溶解于CDCl_3时,锡原子仅以四配位形式存在,固态时则存在两种不同的配位形式:即四配位形式和五配位形式,然而随着酯基基团的增大,逐渐以四配位形式为主,该结论与国产红外光谱法所得结论一致。本文还用NMR方法对各基团运动情况进行了初探。发现锡的取代及其配位形式和酯基基团的大小皆不影响高分子主链的α-CH_3的运动,但酯基基团的内旋转运动因单元内Sn与C=0的顺式配位而减弱,同时.NMR参数还揭示了较长酯烷基侧链链段运动情况。     

N-酰基取代苯并氮杂冠醚~1H和~(13)CNMR谱分析

冠醚化合物以其特殊的配合选择性受到化学工作者的重视,其结构与性能的研究已广泛引起人们的兴趣。本文对新合成的七种冠醚化合物测定了~1H和~(13)C NMR谱,并利用文献值和本组化合物的系列性对谱线进行了归属和讨论。实验部分七种冠醚化合物均由武汉大学化学系合成,其结构式见表1。样品在5mm样品管中以0.5ml CDCI_3(北京化工厂产品)为溶剂配成浓度约为0.5M的溶液。用美国Varian公司XL-200谱仪记谱。探头温度20.0±0.1℃,样品管旋转速度25±5Hz,以氘代氯仿为内锁场信号。     

用HNMR法测量过渡元素离子的磁矩

磁化率和磁矩的数据对于配合物化学键型的研究和空间构型的分析有重要作用. 磁化率的测量方法有多种,其中以古埃法和据其原理而改进的永磁天平法较为常见.此法的缺点是实验步骤繁琐、样品用量大、精度欠佳.近来有人相继提出用激光摆法和NMR双谱仪法等新方法来进行测量,所得结果数据很好.本文介绍根据D.F.Evens所创立的方法,利用~1HNMR波谱来测量过渡元素离子化合物的磁化率和磁矩.     

基于固体核磁共振方法的蛋白质组装体三维结构解析

蛋白质组装体广泛存在于生物体内,具有相关生物学功能或与人类的重要疾病密切相关。蛋白质组装体分子量大,通常难以溶解和结晶,限制了常用的结构研究手段如X射线晶体学和液体NMR等在其高分辨三维结构解析中的应用。固体核磁共振技术(ssNMR)在难溶、非结晶样品的三维结构解析中具有独特的优势,尤其随着固体NMR硬件包括高场磁体和高性能的探头、固体NMR多维脉冲实验技术和样品制备技术特别是同位素标记技术的快速发展,固体NMR已经成为了蛋白组装体三维结构解析的重要手段。在样品制备方法方面,强调了样品制备条件的优化对得到构象均一样品的重要性,以及丰富的同位素标记方法的使用对固体NMR谱图分辨率提高的重要作用。同时多种脉冲序列如质子驱动自旋扩散技术(PDSD),偶极辅助旋转共振技术(DARR),质子辅助重偶技术(PAR)或转移回波双共振技术(TEDOR)等的建立和发展为结构约束条件收集提供了基本的技术方法。此外,固体NMR与其它实验技术如扫描透射电镜(STEM),冷冻电镜(Cryo-EM)等和理论模拟方法的联用能显著地提高固体NMR的能力,从而能解析分子量更大、结构更复杂的蛋白质组装体的三维结构。本文以Aβ纤维和T3SS针状体的三维结构解析为例介绍固体NMR在蛋白质组装体结构研究的最新实验方法,重点介绍最新的距离约束条件获取的实验方法进展,以及固体NMR与其它实验和理论模拟研究手段的联用在蛋白质组装体结构解析上的最新进展,期望有助于读者对固体NMR技术在蛋白质组装体的三维结构解析方面的研究进展有所了解。     

第20次禁化武组织水平考试水样的核磁共振分析

介绍了核磁共振(NMR)技术在第20次禁化武组织水平考试水样分析中的应用.通过适当的样品制备,排除了样品中严重干扰核磁测定的顺磁物质--六水合硝酸镍,成功地用NMR技术鉴定了样品中含量仅为10 mg/L的两个化学毒剂相关化合物(二异丙胺基乙醇和甲基膦酸单乙酯).     

核磁共振技术在保健食品非目标成分分析中的应用

采用二维扩散排序谱(2D-DOSY)和脉冲宽度(PULCON)定量等多种核磁共振(NMR)技术,对具有减肥功效的保健食品中主要成分进行了定性、定量研究。采用布鲁克AvanceⅢ600 MHz超导核磁共振波谱仪,以氘代丙酮为溶剂,对待测物进行了核磁检测。2D-DOSY表明该保健食品中含有3种主要化学成分,结合多种NMR技术对3个化合物进行了结构解析,归属了其所有的NMR谱信号,确定样品的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、褪黑素和奥美拉唑。最后采用PULCON定量技术测得3种成分的绝对含量分别为16.65、5.38、46.35 mg/g。测定结果与HPLC定量结果的对比表明,核磁共振方法能够在无对照品作参比,无需分离的条件下,直接、快速、准确分析保健食品中非目标成分的物质组成和绝对含量。     

汽油催化裂化的全自动在线分析系统

利用实验室闲置的高压微反应装置和气相色谱仪,通过改装高压微反应装置上唯一一路自动气动控制系统,使其同时控制三路六通阀,实现高压微反应-三台色谱-三套色谱软件联动,全自动在线分析汽油催化裂解产物,不仅实现了反应-分析的同步性、多任务化和高度自动化,实验成本也大幅下降.并对六通阀原待采样模式进行了改进,大幅降低了对管道的污...     

A method for constant-rate heating of milligram-sized samples

Heating a milligram-sized sample of material at a constant heating rate is usually achieved by controlling the temperature of an electric-resistance furnace with a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. Here we present a new method for constant-rate heating that is based on a semi-empirical mathematical expression relating sample temperature, heating rate, and electric power supplied to the furnace. This method uses PID control only for second-order corrections of the heating rate. The linearity of the sample temperature vs. time curves obtained by applying this method to a simple furnace setup is the same as the linearity of the curves generated by modern commercial thermogravimetric analyzers.     

Fuzzy self-tuning PID control of the operation temperatures in a two-staged membrane separation process

A two-staged membrane separation process for hydrogen recovery from refinery gases is introduced. The principle of the gas membrane separation process and the influence of the operation temperatures are analyzed. As the conventional PID controller is difficult to make the operation temperatures steady, a fuzzy self-tuning PID control algorithm is proposed. The application shows that the algorithm is effective, the operation temperatures of both stages can be controlled steadily, and the operation flexibility and adaptability of the hydrogen recovery unit are enhanced with safety. This study lays a foundation to optimize the control of the membrane separation process and thus ensure the membrane performance.     

An automated facility for neutron activation analysis

A fully automated neutron activation analysis (NAA) facility has been constructed at the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment. This high-capacity facility has been designed for use with a wide variety of neutron sources, including Canada's SLOWPOKE II and MAPLE research reactors. Its pneumatic transfer system is driven by a Square-D Model 500 programmable controller, linked in turn to a Nuclear Data ND6700 computer/spectrometer. Custom software for data entry and system control has been combined with Nuclear Data software for gamma-spectrum acquisition and processing to create a flexible, easy-to-use facility for NAA. Its design and performance are discussed.     

A New Software to Show the Behaviour of the PID Controller. Influence of the setting parameters of DSCs. Part I

Some DSC calorimeters such as the model Setaram DSC 111 allow the user to set the parameters of temperature programming. Default values furnished by the constructor are often used, but it is very interesting to study the thermal behaviour of the regulation of the calorimeter under different conditions and kinds of set point temperatures. For this research we have developed in C a set of softwares in order to show the behaviour of the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller of the DSC. It can help the user to choose correct values for P, I and D parameters according to the kind of experiment conducted. The software allows studies for extra parameters such as the sampling rate of the computerized PID controller or the determination of filtering of the correction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Simple Substrate Feeding Strategy using a pH Control Trigger in Fed-Batch Fermentation

A simple automated glucose feeding strategy based on pH control was developed to produce high-cell-density fed-batch fermentation. In this strategy, the pH control scheme utilized an acidified concentrated glucose solution to lower the pH. The frequency of glucose addition to the fermentor is determined by the culture’s growth kinetics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the coupled pH and glucose control strategy in biomass and/or secondary metabolite production, several fed-batch fermentations of indigenous Escherichia coli and recombinant E. coli were carried out. Both strains produced biomass with optical density of greater than 40 at 600 nm. We also tested the glucose control strategy using two types of pH controller: a less sophisticated portable pH controller and a more sophisticated online proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Our control strategy was successfully applied with both controllers, although better control was observed using the PID controller. We have successfully demonstrated that a glucose feeding strategy based on a simple pH control scheme to indirectly control the glucose concentration can be easily achieved and adapted to conventional bioreactors in the absence of online glucose measurement and control.     

A New Software to Show The Behaviour of The PID Controller. Part II. Influence of the setting parameters of DSCs

Some DSC calorimeters, such as the model DSC 111, built by the society Setaram, allow the user to set the temperature programming parameters. Usually default values furnished by the constructor are often used, but it is very interesting to study the thermal behaviour of the regulation of the calorimeter under different conditions and with different kinds of set point temperatures. For this research, we have developed in C language a set of software in order to demonstrate the behaviour of the (proportional integral derivative) PID controller of the DSC. It can help the user to choose correct values for P, I and D parameters according to the kind of experiment conducted. The software allows studies of extra parameters, such as the sampling rate of the computerized PID controller or the determination of filtering of the correction. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Precise generation of dynamic biochemical signals by controlling the programmable pump in a Y-shaped microfluidic chip with a “christmas tree” inlet

The generation of dynamic biochemical signals in a microfluidic control system is of importance for the study of the interaction between biological cells and their niches. However, most of microfluidic control systems are not able to provide dynamic biochemical signals with high precision and stability due to inherent mechanical vibrations caused by the actuators of the programmable pumps. In this paper, we propose a novel microfluidic feedback control system integrating an external feedback control system with a Y-shaped microfluidic chip with a “Christmas tree” inlet. The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is implemented to reduce the influence of vibrations. In order to regulate the control parameters efficiently, a mathematical model is built to describe the actuator of the programmable pump, in which a fractional-order model is utilized. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out, confirming that the microfluidic feedback control system can precisely and stably generate desired dynamic biochemical signals.     

Studies on injector pump-ultrasonic nebulizer feeding sample system for MPT-AES

The feeding-sample system used by microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectroscopy (MPT-AES) is the pneumatic nebulization system; its efficiency, however, is not good. A newly built injector pump-ultrasonic nebulizer combination feeding-sample system has been designed. Its performance was tested and compared with that of the pneumatic nebulization system. It can be concluded that the newly built feeding-sample system can increase the spectral line intensity by about two to three times and decrease the detection limit by about 2 to 10 times. Moreover, this newly built system can reduce the time taken washing the sample cell from 30 min or so to about 10 min. __________ Translated from Journal of JiLin University(Science edition), 2005, 43(4)(in Chinese)     

Instrumentation of a PLC-regulated temperature cycler with a PID control unit and its use for miniaturized PCR systems with reduced volumes of aqueous sample droplets isolated in oil phase in a microwell

We have developed a temperature cycler for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a microwell fabricated on a polymer/glass chip. The entire system consisted of three subsystems, which included (1) a thermal conditioner, (2) a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control signal conditioner and (3) a data acquisition subsystem. The subsystems were regulated coordinately by a ladder logic program written for the programmable logic control (PLC) so that an actual sample temperature could be timed, changed and maintained according to the programmed temperature cycles. The present temperature control system showed high accuracy, stability and minimum overshoot with reduced heating and cooling transition rates. Applicability of the temperature controller to the miniaturized PCR system with reduced volumes of aqueous sample droplets isolated in an oil phase was confirmed by successful amplifications of a target DNA sequence in the microwell.