萃取分离 ICP-AES 法测定含铪铀中微量杂质元素

用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸溶解含铪的铀试样,以磷酸三丁酯为萃取剂,分离铀、铪与待测杂质元素.用 ICP-AES 法同时测定了试样中钼、钨、铁、硼、锰、铍、铜、镁、钙、铝和镍等11种杂质元素的含量.将 0.0900 g～0.1100 g 试样制成 6 mL 溶液时,各杂质元素测量范围为 1.0×10-3%～1.0×10-1%,回收率在 94%～105% 之间,相对标准偏差优于 10%.     

TBP柱上分离—ICP—AES法测定二氧化铀中微量杂质元素

用ICP-AES法对二氧化铀中23个微量杂质元素进行了测定.取样量100mg时铝、钡、钙、钴、铬、铜、饵、铁、铪、铟、镁、锰、钼、铌、钛、铅、锡、钽、镍、钒、钇、锌和锆的测定范围是20～800μg·g~(-1),回收率为94%～106%,RSD(n=8)为0.2%～1.6%.     

光谱法测定高纯度二氧化硅中微量杂质

本文报告高纯度二氧化硅中五种痕量杂质元素的光谱测定.在交流电弧中完全蒸发试样而不采用内标法.采用二条分析线所得到的结果良好.本法可用以测定杂质的含量为10~(-4)～10~(-2)%.单独分析的最大偏差为8%.     

ICP—AES法测定对苯二甲酸中微量杂质

利用挥发操作技术,使基体对苯二甲酸与杂质分离,富集后的杂质元素,经硝酸溶解后用ICP-AES法测定,测定下限为1μg·g~(-1),回收率为97%～108%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～10.5%,方法具有灵敏、准确、操作简便的特点.     

仪器中子活化法测定金属钛中杂质元素

采用仪器中子活化法(INAA)测定了金属钛中锰、砷、锑、钽、钨等5种痕量杂质元素含量,分析中采用GEM 70P高纯锗γ谱仪及grammavision 32分析软件。经预处理的样品割成5mm×5mm×1mm大小的薄片,其质量约180mg,与标准一起置于反应堆中照射,中子通量为1.0×10~(13)cm~(-2)·s~(-1)。上述5种元素的探测下限依次为0.022,0.049,0.032,0.097,0.015μg。将方法用于分析水沉积物标准物质(GBW 07312),锰、钽、锑及钨4种元素的测定值与证书值相符。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定纳米二氧化钛及钛基物料中痕量钒

对用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定以钛为基体元素的物料(如二氧化钛、金红石等)中痕量钛的最佳分析条件作了研究。结果表明选择波长为310.023 nm的谱线作为分析线可避免大量钛的严重干扰。在应用适宜的同步背景校正条件下,钛及其他常见元素的干扰均能有效消除,而且在制备钒的标准工作曲线时也毋需作基体匹配。试样用HCl-HF-H2SO4混合酸消解,经硫酸冒烟逐除氢氟酸后用HCl(5 95)定容至一定体积。此方法可测定质量分数为2×10-4%~5%钒的试样,不需要任何富集或分离步骤。用不同含钒量(0.01%~0.20%)的试样作精密度试验,所得结果的RSD(n=8)值均小于3%,方法的检出限为0.01 mg.L-1,回收率在99%~106%之间。     

离子交换色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯钛中痕量杂质元素

建立了离子交换色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高纯钛中Mg、Cr、Fe、V、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Ba、Tl、Pb等痕量杂质元素分析方法,并对ICP-MS工作参数及条件进行了优化和选择.高纯钛用HF和HNO3溶解后进入离子色谱的阳离子交换柱,经HF(3+97)淋洗后,用HNO3洗脱,洗脱下来的溶液进入电感耦合等离子体质谱检测.方法的检出限在0.00099～0.85 μg/L之间,测定下限为0.0033～2.8 μg/L,各元素的回收率在90%～110%之间.利用本方法对纯度＞99.99%高纯钛样品的杂质元素进行分析,结果表明,其精密度和准确度均满足痕量分析的要求.     

HR-ICP-MS测定高纯镍金属中的微量元素杂质

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)是目前痕量元素分析的有效手段之一。本文采用HR-ICP-MS分析高纯镍金属中的12种杂质元素。镍金属的溶解采用微波消解法,组分不需须分离富集,定容后直接上机测定。实验优选了消解用酸的种类和浓度,优化了仪器参数,并对质谱干扰进行了研究。HR-ICP-MS对各元素的检出限在1.2 ng·L~(-1)～79 ng·L~(-1)之间,高纯镍金属中各杂质元素的含量介于1.1×10~(-6)至4.66×10~(-4)之间,镍金属纯度为99.93%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氧化铁粉中微量组分

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定氧化铁粉中二氧化硅、氧化锰、五氧化二磷、三氧化二铝、氧化镍、氧化钙、三氧化二硼、氧化钠、氧化钾、二氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化铜、氧化铬等含量的方法。使用盐酸直接分解氧化铁粉样品,采用基体匹配法消除基体干扰。方法中各元素的测定下限在7×10-4%~5×10-3%范围内。按所提出方法测定了样品6次,各元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%~8.5%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢中元素

研究了ICP发射光谱仪测定不锈钢中钛等5种元素的方法,确定了样品的分解方法及元素测定谱线,并对各元素进行适当的背景校正,在标准溶液与样品溶液种基体匹配的情况下,用ICP-AES法测定,当样品溶液的含量为5 mg/mL时,回收率在94.7%～103.7%之间,其精密度优于10%.方法简便、快速、精密度好、灵敏度高.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。