基态和亚稳态的Ca、Ba原子与CIO_2化学发光反应的动态学研究

在束-气装置上的单次碰撞条件下,利用低压直流放电选择性地激发碱土金属到亚稳态,观察了Ca(~1S)、Ca(~1S’~3P)、Ba(~1S)、Ba(~1S,~3D)+ClO_2。反应的化学发光.通过测量化学发光总包光强的空间分布,得到这些反应的总碰撞截面为:Ca(~1S)+ClO_2,97(A~2);Ca(~3P)+ClO_2,138(A~2);Ba(~1S)+ClO_2,136(A);Ba(~3D)+ClO_2,239(A~2),计算机模拟化学发光光谱,发现新生产物MO(M=Ca,Ba)的电子激发态A~1П态的相对振动布居分布是非玻尔兹曼分布的,求出反应Ba(~3D)+ClO_2和Ca(~3P)+ClO_2产生的MClC~П→X~2 ∑~+跃迁的化学发光截面分别为51(A~2)和31(A~2),计算光谱中不同成份的光强,得到了反应产生MO、MCl的产物分支比.最后,讨论了这类反应的机理。     

分子束技术研究Ba与CHCl~3, CCl~4的反应

本文分别在交叉分子束和分子束-气体条件下, 利用化学发光方法, 研究了Ba(^3D)+CH~2Cl~2, CHCl~3,CCl~4和Ca(^1S~O),Ca(^3P),Ba(^1S～O)Ba(^3D)+CCl~4的反应, 实验得出了Ba(^3D)与CH~2Cl~2, CHCL~3, CCl~4反应时, A^2II,B~2Σ^+态BACl产物的发光截面对反应物碰撞能的依赖关系和反应阈能, 以及Ba(^3D)与CCl~4反应时, 产生电子激发态BaCl产物的光子产率。发现当Ba,Ca被激发到亚稳态时, Ba+CCl~4的反应电子基态BaCl产物的振动激发增加; 而Ca+CCl~4的反应电子基态CaCl产物的转动激发增加. 并针对以上结果进行分析讨论。     

Ba(~1S)+N_2O反应的化学发光偏振研究

当原子或分子之间经历反应碰撞后,产物分子的转动角动量矢量相对于初始相对速度矢量具有较明显的取向。达一信息可从测量反应生成的激发态产物分子的化学发光偏振度P得到。Zare等首先研究了反应Ba(~1S)+N_2O产物的化学发光偏振;近期Jalink等利用六极电场将反应物分子取向,研究了反应Ba(~1S)+N_2O的化学发光偏振与不同碰撞方位的关系。本文研究了化学发光偏振度随Ba(~1S)束速度(即反应物相对平动能)的变化,根据产物转动角动量分布对反应物相对平动能的依赖关系得到了Ba(~1S)+N_2O反应的反应机理及势能面的新图象。     

Ba(~3D)+N_2O化学发光反应的动态学研究

本文研究了单次碰撞条件下Ba(~3D)+N_2O→BaO~*+N_2反应的动态学特性。由束气实验测出这个反应的化学发光截面是42.2±1.4(?)~2,总碰撞截面是142±11(?)~2。由化学发光光谱分析出反应产物中存在着BaOD~1∑~+→A~1∑~+→X~1∑~+二次电子跃迁过程。通过交叉分子束实验,研究化学发光截面与反应物振动能、碰撞能的关系。结果表明,这个反应的势能面不存在阈能垒,振动能对化学发光截面影响不大,而平动能的增加会使化学发光截面减小。本文采用信息论方法,计算产物态的分支比,并和实验结果进行对比分析。     

在分子束-气装置上研究Sn+N2O反应的动态学

在分子束-气装置上测量了Sn+N_2O和Sn+O_2反应的发光光谱, 得到了压力为10~(-2)～10~(-4)乇时两个反应的发光光谱随反应压力的变化, 结果表明: Sn+N_2O反应生成的SnOa~(3∑)态主要是由其它电子态经碰撞而布居的。实验用化学发光方法测得了Sn+N_2O反应的总碰撞截面为0.32 nm, 说明发光态是由Sn(~3P_2)+N_2O反应直接产生的。     

单次碰撞条件下的BaO化学发光研究

本文简略地概述了在交叉分子束实验中研究Ba N_2O反应所获得的结果。通过用光学多通道分析器观察这个反应的化学发光空间角分布及测定辐射态的寿命,通过在单次碰撞条件下测定出这个反应的带头明显可辨的化学发光光谱以及从Ba的~3D态原子与N_2O反应得到化学发光光子产率的增加等实验结果,说明了这个反应的化学发光来源于BaO的A~1∑~ 和A′~1Ⅱ态的辐射。本文还采用反应通过生成离子对Ba N_2O~-中间物再引发反应的假设,较为合理地解释了Ba(~3D) N_2O反应的机理,并根据此模型用相空间统计理论计算了上述反应各电子态产物的分支比,得到与实验定性地吻合的结果。     

Ba(~3D,~1S)原子与Cl_2,I_2化学发光反应的分子束研究

本文在分子束单次碰撞条件下,研究了基态和亚稳态Ba原子与Cl_2,I_2气体的化学发光反应.发现亚稳态Ba原子的反应不产生BaCl_2的连续辐射,而却增加了BaCl的辐射,特别是其C~2II态的辐射.测得金属原子被Cl_2分子碰撞消除的总截面,对基态Ba原子是65±5A~2,对亚稳态Ba原子是105±5A~2,与电子跳跃(鱼叉)模型计算结果一致.还获得Ba(~3D) I_2反应产生BaI(~2II3/2--~2∑~ )跃迁△v=0辐射带高分辨光谱,近似计算结果说明,BaI(C~2II3/2)态具有非统计振动布居.用推广的鱼叉模型对实验结果作了定性解释     

化学发光反应Ba N_2O产物BaO的传能和Ba O_2 M的机理

Ba/N_2O反应曾被认为是有可能发展电子跃迁化学激光的反应体系。 在热管炉反应器中作了Ba/N_2O化学发光反应,记录了产物BaO(A’∑→X~1∑~ )的化学发光光谱。光谱的特点及压力相关性,表明BaOA~1∑~ 不是化学反应产物的先驱态、它的布居是可能的先驱态(b~3π和A’~1π)经碰撞转移到A~1∑~ 态实现的。     

在分子束-气装置上研究Sn+N_2O反应的动态学

在分子束-气装置上测量了Sn+N_2O和Sn+O_2反应的发光光谱,得到了压力为10~(-2)～10(-4)乇时两个反应的发光光谱随反应压力的变化,结果表明:Sn+N_2O反应生成的SnOa~(3∑)态主要是由其它电子态经碰撞而布居的。实验用化学发光方法测得了Sn+N_2O反应的总碰撞截面为32A~2,说明发光态是由Sn(~3P_2)+N_2O反应直接产生的。     

Ba+Cl_2,Br_2化学发光反应动力学研究——电子激发态BaCl_2~*的生成机理

本文在束-气化学反应装置中,研究了Ba+Cl_2(Br_2)化学发光反应,观测了BaCl_2~*(BaBr_2~*)连续发射和Ba(~1P→~1S)辐射强度与反应物浓度的关系,并用OMA观测了BaCl_2~*(BaBr_2~*)的发光强度的空间分布。实验结果否定了生成BaCl_2~*的单次碰撞的各种设想,通过形成高振动激发的电子基态中间产物的二步反应机理,成功地解释了实验观察的各项结果,证明这个机理是可信的。     

Ca(1S0)+CH2Cl2、CHCl3和Ca(3P)+CH2Cl2、CHCl3反应的动态学研究

The reactions Ca(~1S_0)+ CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3 and Ca(~3P)+ CH_2Cl_2, CHCl_3 were studied by means of the laser induced fluorescence (LIF). Systematic simulation of the observed LIF spectra revealed that change of the Ca atoms from the ~3p states to the ~1S_0 state brought about a decrease of the fraction of total energy going to the ground state CaCl product vibration and an increase of the fraction of total energy going to the ground state CaCl product rotation. Total cross sections for the reactions of Ca(~1S_0)+CH_(4-n)Cl_n(n=2, 3) and the fraction of the Ca atoms going to the ~3P states in the discharge Ca beam were estimated from the LIF indensity of the CaCl product and total cross sections for the reactions Ca(~3P)+CH_(4-n)Cl_n. They are 0.39±2 nm, 0.45±2 nm, 1.8+0.1%, respectively.     

在束-气装置上研究Sr(1S),Sr(3P)+Cl2的化学发光反应动力学

本文在束-气条件下研究了Sr(~1S), Sr(~3P)+Cl_2的化学发光反应。实验压力为10~(-5)～10~(-4)Torr, 金属束炉温1000 K左右。同时, 观测和分析了Sr, Sr~*+Cl_2反应产物Sr(A,B)、SrCl_2~*的发光光谱。发现Cl_2压力(pcl_2)较低时, 主要生成SrCl~*; 而pcl_2增高时(>2×10~(-4)Torr), SrCl_2~*的发射光谱逐渐增强。实验结果表明, SrCl~*是单次碰撞的直接产物, 其发光强度(I_(SrCl)~*)与pcl_2、Sr的原子密度均为直线关系, 而I_(SrCl_2)~*与pCl_2成二次关系, 表明SrCl_2~*是SrCl~*和Cl_2碰撞的产物, 与BaCl_2~*的生成机理相同。由实验结果计算而得到的亚稳态Sr~*原子及基态Sr原子在Cl_2中的总消除截面分别为9.7±5 nm~2及5.8±5 nm~2。由此估计由亚稳态Sr~*及基态Sr与Cl_2反应生成SrCl(A)的相对光子产率为Φ~*/Φ~0=115。     

Ba(1S)+N2O反应的化学发光偏振研究

The variation of ehemiluminescent polarization for reaction Ba(~1S)+N_2O with respect to the Ba beam temperature or the average collision energy E_(rtr) was studied under the single collision condition on beam-gas apparatus. If E_(rtr)<0.06 eV, the distribution of rotational angular momentum for product BaO, i.e. -, increased with the impact energy; while E_(rtr)>0.06 eV, - decreased with the E_(rtr). It is plausible to point out the corresponding relationship between the characteristics of the reaction potential surface and the conformation of the intermediate complexes.     

O(1D)+Si(CH3)3Cl反应生成振动激发的OH(ν≤3)

The vibrationally excited OH(v) from the reaction of O(~1D)+Si(CH_3)_3Cl was observed by UV laser photolysis/FTIR emission spectroscopy. The vibrational number was only up to 3 with a ratio of 1:0.8:0.1 for v=1:2:3. Comparing this result with the similar reaction of O(~1D)+Si(CH_3)_4 which OH(v) vibrational number was high up to 4 with a ratio of 1:1:1:0.3 for v=1:2:3:4 under the same experimental conditions, it was found that the substitution of Cl for CH_3 affected the extent of heavy Si atom blocking the energy migration in a molecule. This results identifies the prediction that the characteristic of electrons in central atom plays an important role in intramolecular energy transfer.     

Bi和O2(1△g)的化学发光研究

The emission spectra of BiO has been first obtained by studying the reaction: Bi+O_2(~1△_g)in the atomic-beam apparatus. 22 new bands has been obtained from the emission spectra of BiO (A ~2Π_g) which are attributed to the collisional energy transfer process of BiO(X,v)+O_2(b ~1Σ_g~+). The O_2(b ~1Σ_g~+) is produced by the following process: O_2(~1△_g)+O_2(~1△_g)→O_2(b ~1Σ_g~+)+O_2(X ~3Σ_g~-).     

Pb和放电氧、O2(1△)的化学发光研究

在原子束装置上测量了Pb和放电氧、O_2(1Δ)反应的化学发光光谱, 获得了一些新的谱带, 并观测了氧气压力对化学发光光谱的影响。当观测区的压力大于2.5×10~(-3)Torr时, 发现B~(3Π)-X~(1Σ~+)谱带系的(3,0)、(4,0)两个振动带的强度显著增强。分析表明这新的光谱现象是a~(3Σ~+)态和b~(3Σ~+)态的PbO分子与O_2(1Δ)分子的E-E近共振传能以及PbO分子的不同电子态的微扰结果。     

Chemiluminescent reaction of Ba(3P) with N2O at hyperthermal collision energies: rotational alignment of the BaO(A 1Sigma+) product

The chemiluminescent reaction Ba(6s6p (3)P)+N(2)O was studied at an average collision energy of 1.56 eV in a beam-gas arrangement. Ba((3)P) was produced by laser ablation of barium, which resulted in a broad collision energy distribution extending up to approximately 5.7 eV. A series of experiments was made to extract the Ba((3)P) contribution to chemiluminescence from that corresponding to Ba 6s(2) (1)S0 and 6s5d (3)D, which are the other two most populated states in the atomic beam. The fully dispersed polarized chemiluminescence spectra at 400-600 nm from the title reaction were recorded and assigned to a BaO molecule excited in the A (1)Sigma+ level. In addition, the average and wavelength-resolved degrees of polarization associated to the parallel BaO(A (1)Sigma+-->X (1)Sigma+) emission are reported. The analysis of the average polarization degree show that the BaO(A (1)Sigma+) product is significantly aligned, suggesting that the reaction mechanism is predominantly direct. The product rotational alignment was found to depend markedly on the emission wavelength, which revealed a negative correlation with the BaO(A (1)Sigma+) product vibrational state. On the basis of experimental and theoretical investigations on the reactions of N(2)O with both the (1)S0, (3)D, and (1)P1 states of Ba and the lighter group 2 atoms, it is suggested that the Ba((3)P) reaction involves a charge transfer at relatively short reagent separations and that restricted collision geometries at the highest velocity components of the broad distribution are necessary to rationalize the data.     

Crossed-beám chemiluminescence. II. Kinetics and mechanisms for reactions of group IIA Metals in ground and metastable states with fluorine

Visible chemiluminescence technique under crossed-beam conditions has been applied to the study of the reactions of the group IIA metal atoms Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba in their ground state (¹S₀) or in an excited metastable state (³P_i, ³D_i or ¹D₂) with F₂. The monofluoride emission bands are the most prominent features in the chemiluminescence spectrum. Using higher fluorine densities radiation is observed from excited alkaline earth difluorides, which are shown to principally originate from secondary reactions. Formations of MF* are determined to be first order with respect to both the metal atom and the fluorine molecule. Total cross sections for removal of ground state metal atoms from the beam by F₂ are 115 ± 15Ų for Ca, 125 ± 15Ų for Sr, and 160 ± 15Ų for Ba, which is consistent with an electron jump model. Chemiluminescence cross sections are reported for the reactions involving electronically excited reactants M*. Photon yields of 12 ± 3% for Mg*, 18 ± 5% for Ca*, 20 ± 5% for Sr*, and 15 ± 8% for Ba* reacting with F₂ are measured. These high photon yields are remarkable when compared with absolute photon yields for the ground state reactions which indicate that less than 2% of the products are MF* molecules. It was possible to obtain vibrational state distributions for some of the excited monofluorides which are found to be populated in a non-thermal manner. This strongly suggests that the dynamics of the reactions are governed by a direct mechanism. From the crossed-beam chemiluminescence spectra the dissociation energies of the ground state monofluorides are estimated. In addition, improved spectroscopic constants, dissociation energies and dissociation products of some of the excited electronic states of MF are given.     

Ba+Cl2, Br2化学发光反应动力学研究——电子激发态BaCl2*的生成机理

本文在束-气化学反应装置中, 研究了Ba+Cl_2(Br_2)化学发光反应, 观测了BaCl_2~*(BaBr_2~*)连续发射和Ba(~1P→~1S)辐射强度与反应物浓度的关系, 并用OMA观测了BaCl_2~*(BaBr_2~*)的发光强度的空间分布。实验结果否定了生成BaCl_2~*的单次碰撞的各种设想, 通过形成高振动激发的电子基态中间产物的二步反应机理, 成功地解释了实验观察的各项结果, 证明这个机理是可信的。