叶酸修饰碳纳米管的合成及其负载伊立替康的释放

以叶酸改性壳聚糖修饰的碳纳米管为药物载体,选用治疗结肠癌的抗癌药物伊立替康为模型药物,通过非共价包覆的方式制备具有靶向功能的碳纳米管基药物载体材料。采用FT—IR、UV和TGA等对各阶段产物进行表征,考察了纳米载体的载药率和药物体外释放性能。结果表明,模型药物成功加载到了功能化的碳纳米管上,其栽药量达63．6％,包封率为85．92％。体外释放实验显示靶向功能化碳纳米管对伊立替康具有缓释作用,药物在37℃,pH-7．4的PBS缓冲溶液中能持续释放70h以上。     

碳纳米管在肿瘤诊断与治疗研究中的新进展

碳纳米管具有独特的结构及性质,被广泛应用于生物医学领域.本文对碳纳米管在生物医学特别是肿瘤早期诊断以及治疗方面的研究现状进行了综述,分析了现有的研究特点,并展望了该领域的发展趋势.     

贵金属纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管的研究

碳纳米管具有独特的一维管状结构和优异的电、光、热和力学性能,是药物和纳米催化剂的理想载体。将具有独特光、电、磁和催化性能的贵金属纳米粒子负载在碳纳米管的表面,形成的碳纳米管/贵金属纳米粒子复合物不仅兼有两种纳米材料的优异性能,还可能产生新的特性,在催化、储能、燃料电池、电子器件和传感器等领域均有广阔的应用前景。本文主要从共价修饰和非共价修饰两种策略出发,综述了贵金属纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管的制备方法和研究进展。其中用天然高分子包覆的碳纳米管表面具有很好的贵金属配位结合能力,得到的纳米复合物具有良好的水分散性和生物相容性,在载药、生物传感器和肿瘤诊断治疗等生物领域具有明显的优势。     

碳纳米管在药物和基因转运领域的研究进展

当前,国内外的许多研究小组都致力于开发出新型有效的药物和基因转运系统,用于改善多种治疗因子的药理学作用并降低其毒性。在纳米材料这一类中,碳纳米管（Carbon Nanotubes, CNTs）正逐步引起人们的关注。功能化的CNTs的两个关键优势在于它具有很强的细胞穿透能力和较低的细胞毒性,使其在药物和基因转运领域中的应用成为可能。CNTs可通过形成稳定的共价键或形成以非共价键为基础的超分子结合物来运载肽类、蛋白质、核酸和药物等活性分子,并将其运送至特定的组织、器官中以表达特殊的生物学功能。针对这一研究热点,本文综述了近几年国内外关于碳纳米管在药物和基因转运领域中的应用进展,并探讨了其毒性,以期为这一领域中的研究工作者提供参考。     

碳纳米管在药物和基因转运领域的应用

当前国内外的许多研究小组都致力于开发出新型有效的药物和基因转运系统,用于改善多种治疗因子的药理学作用并降低其毒性.在新型纳米材料中,碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)正逐步引起人们的关注.功能化CNTs的两个关键优势在于它具有很强的细胞穿透能力和较低的细胞毒性,使其在药物和基因转运领域中的应用成为可能.CNTs可通过形成稳定的共价键或形成以非共价键为基础的超分子结合物来运载肽类、蛋白质、核酸和药物等活性分子,并将其运送至特定的组织和器官中以表达特殊的生物学功能.针对这一研究热点,本文综述了近几年国内外关于碳纳米管在药物和基因转运领域中的应用进展,并探讨了其毒性,以期为这一领域中的研究工作者提供参考.     

载药型硅基水凝胶角膜接触镜的研究进展

载药型角膜接触镜可以有效延长药物释放时间,提高药物的生物利用度,是一种较为理想的眼部给药方式。目前,在视力矫正领域,硅基水凝胶角膜接触镜因其具有高透氧和较低含水率的优点,已逐渐替代传统水凝胶角膜接触镜,被广泛使用,在眼科治疗及预防领域具有广阔的应用前景。本综述重点总结了近几年载药型硅基水凝胶角膜接触镜的研究进展,根据不同的载药方式对硅基水凝胶的基底结构、药物种类、药物释放机理等方面进行了详细分析,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

Fc@DWNTs修饰电极对多巴胺的电催化研究

生物纳米电分析是当今电分析科学领域研究的前沿及发展方向.碳纳米管豆荚结合了被填充的分子和碳纳米管两者的优势,其电化学性质及在传感器构筑方面的研究引起了电化学家们的广泛关注.     

碳纳米管/半导体纳米复合材料的光电化学特性及其应用

光电化学过程是在光作用下的电化学过程,它是光伏电池,光电催化等实际应用的基础,是当前十分活跃的研究领域。碳纳米管具有很高的热稳定性,良好的导电能力,大的比表面积,被认为是半导体纳米粒子的有效载体,其独特的一维结构可以为电子提供有效的传输路径。碳纳米管与半导体材料复合,能实现碳纳米管和半导体在结构和性能上的协同,近年来在光电化学领域受到了广泛的关注。本文基于国内外最新研究进展,结合本课题组的研究成果,综述了碳纳米管/半导体复合材料的光电协同作用机理及其在太阳能电池、光电催化降解污染物、光电协同分解水制氢领域中的应用。     

异型碳纳米管

通过引入缺陷环,直型碳纳米管可连接为不同形态的异型碳纳米管。异型碳纳米管因其在纳米电子科技领域潜在的应用而备受关注。本文综述了异型碳纳米管的合成方法,结构和稳定性的关系,其电学、力学、热学、光学性质以及相关的分子模拟方法在异型碳纳米管研究中的应用进展,并简要介绍了其在电子器件,储氢材料以及其它功能复合材料方面的应用。最后,讨论了目前研究中存在的问题并展望了该领域今后的发展趋势。     

多壁碳纳米管对沙林的敏感性研究

自碳纳米管被发现以来,由于其具有许多独特的电学、磁学、力学和气敏特性而引起了人们广泛的关注,在结构增强、纳米电子器件、场发射、储氢、传感器等众多领域具有非常广阔的应用前景,成为当前研究的热点之一[1,2].近年来,随着碳纳米管在传感器特别是气体检测领域研究的不断深入,碳纳米管为敏感材料的传感器已成功应用于对O2、NO2、NH3、H2等气体的检测研究[3],其中对NO2的检测可达到10×10-9(φ),但尚未见碳纳米管用于毒剂检测的报道.本文以碳纳米管作为石英晶体微天平膜材料,研究了碳纳米管的化学修饰方法及其对检测沙林的影响,结果表明经强酸加热氧化的碳纳米管对沙林响应大、解吸快、重复性好,可以作为传感器检测沙林的膜材料.该研究为碳纳米管在化学毒剂中的应用奠定了基础.     

What are carbon nanotubes’ roles in anti-tumor therapies?

Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most promising nanomaterials in many industrial and biomedical applications. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, CNTs have been proposed and actively exploited as multipurpose innovative carriers for cancer therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the status of applications, advantages, and up-to-date research and development of carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy with an emphasis on drug delivery, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, RNAi, and immune therapy. In addition, the issues of risk and safety of CNTs in cancer nanotechnology are discussed briefly.     

Controlled Chemical Derivatisation of Carbon Nanotubes with Imaging,Targeting, and Therapeutic Capabilities

In drug delivery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold a great potential as carriers because of their ability to easily cross biological barriers and be internalised into cells. Their high aspect ratio allows multi‐functionalisation and their development as a multimodal platform for targeted therapy. In this article, we report the controlled covalent derivatisation of triple‐functionalised CNTs with the anticancer drug gemcitabine, folic acid as a targeting ligand and fluorescein as a probe. The anticancer activity of gemcitabine was maintained after covalent grafting onto the CNTs. The functionalised nanotubes were internalised into both folate‐positive and negative cells, suggesting the passive diffusion of CNTs. Overall, our approach is versatile and offers a precise chemical control of the sidewall functionalisation of CNTs and the possibility to manoeuvre the types of functionalities required on the nanotubes for a multimodal therapeutic strategy.     

Synergistically Enhanced Dispersion of Native Protein–Carbon Nanotube Conjugates by Fluoroalcohols in Aqueous Solution

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are anticipated as an important new material for use in nanotechnology applications because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. For their development, a highly stable dispersion of debundled CNTs is indispensable. Herein we present a new method to enhance dispersibility of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with proteins using alcohols as co‐solvents. Addition of fluoroalcohols in solution increased the SWNT dispersion by more than one order of magnitude without protein denaturation. Enhancement of SWNT dispersion through addition of alcohols was attributed to the decreased hydrophobic interaction among SWNTs. This novel approach enables us to produce biofunctional CNTs such as one‐dimensional nanobiosensors and drug carriers that can penetrate cells.     

碳纳米管共价功能化*

碳纳米管由于其独特的结构与优异的各项性能,在许多领域具有巨大的应用潜力,已引起了广泛的关注。由于碳纳米管不溶于水和有机溶剂,极大地制约了其性能应用,因此碳纳米管的功能化就成为目前研究的热点。本文侧重于碳纳米管的共价功能化,详细讨论了碳纳米管不同位置共价功能化的研究进展。     

A Review on the Effects of Introducing CNTs in the Modification Process of Electrochemical Sensors

This review summarizes some developments in the fabrication of modified sensors and biosensors through the incorporating the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in their modification ingredients. A large number of papers have paid attention towards the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrode constituents and studied its electrochemical behavior. Here, we survey the achievements in the detection of various substances with high selectivity and sensitivity provided using CNTs based electrodes. Moreover, modified electrodes by CNTs have demonstrated the electrocatalytic features and higher sensitivity in detection of analytes. The improved characteristics arises from the large surface area and good conductivity of CNTs. However, it should be considered that the use of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the presence of impurities, and the chemical procedures adopted are effective on the performance of the modified sensors.     

EMI shielding and dynamic mechanical analysis of graphene oxide-carbon nanotube-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene hybrid composites

Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and their hybrid have been studied extensively. Despite having excellent properties of CNTs and graphene have not yet been fully realized in the polymer composites. During fabrication agglomeration of CNTs and restacking of graphene is a serious concern that results in the degradation of properties of nanomaterials into the final composites. To improve the dispersion of CNTs and restacking graphene, in the present research work, we focused on the hybridization of graphene oxide and CNTs. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs), and graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes (GCNTs) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites were prepared separately by vacuum filtration followed by hot compression molding. Further, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of ABS composites reinforced carbon nanofillers were investigated. The dynamic mechanical properties of polymers strongly depend on the adhesion of fillers and polymer, entanglement density of polymer chains in the presence of carbon fillers. The dynamic mechanical characteristics such as storage, loss modulus, and damping factor of prepared composites were significantly affected by the incorporation of MWCNTs, FCNTs, and GCNTs. Maximum EMI shielding effectiveness of −49.6 dB was achieved for GCNT-ABS composites which were highest compared to MWCNTs-ABS composites (−38.6 dB) and FCNTs-ABS composites (−36.7 dB) in the Ku band (12.4–18 GHz). These results depict the great potential of GCNTs-ABS composites to be used in various applications of efficient heat dissipative EMI shielding materials for electronic devices.     

碳纳米管的宏量制备及产业化

作为纳米材料的代表之一,碳纳米管因其独特的一维结构具备了优异的力学、电学、热学、光学和反应性能,使其在能源存储与转化、复合材料、多相催化、环境保护及生物医药等领域具有大量的应用潜力.本文总结了多种类型碳纳米管宏量制备的化学及工程原理,并对多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、定向碳纳米管、超顺排碳纳米管、水平超长碳纳米管、掺杂碳纳米管、螺旋碳纳米管、碳纳米管结及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化物的宏量制备方法进行了评述.同时,对碳纳米管产业化中新的工程问题,如工业标准、环境评估以及产业化进展进行了分析.目前,碳纳米管已经具有成千吨的产能,并广泛应用于锂离子电池电极、导电复合材料、汽车配件和体育用品等领域.尽管如此,高性能的碳纳米管的宏量制备及其配套产业化技术仍有待深入开发,产品需要进一步丰富、市场需要进一步拓展,以望形成大规模纳米产业,促进社会的可持续发展.     

Doxorubicin Encapsulation in Carbon Nanotubes Having Haeckelite or Stone–Wales Defects as Drug Carriers: A Molecular Dynamics Approach

Doxorubicin (DOX), a recognized anticancer drug, forms stable associations with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs when properly functionalized have the ability to anchor directly in cancerous tumors where the release of the drug occurs thanks to the tumor slightly acidic pH. Herein, we study the armchair and zigzag CNTs with Stone–Wales (SW) defects to rank their ability to encapsulate DOX by determining the DOX-CNT binding free energies using the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods implemented in AMBER16. We investigate also the chiral CNTs with haeckelite defects. Each haeckelite defect consists of a pair of square and octagonal rings. The armchair and zigzag CNT with SW defects and chiral nanotubes with haeckelite defects predict DOX-CNT interactions that depend on the length of the nanotube, the number of present defects and nitrogen doping. Chiral nanotubes having two haeckelite defects reveal a clear dependence on the nitrogen content with DOX-CNT interaction forces decreasing in the order 0N > 4N > 8N. These results contribute to a further understanding of drug-nanotube interactions and to the design of new drug delivery systems based on CNTs.     

High-density growth of carbon nanotubes with catalytic sites activated on nickel substrate

We describe the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from catalytic nanoparticles formed on a nickel surface. For the growth of CNTs, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace was set up and ethanol was used as carbon source. Observation of SEM images shows that CNTs grew densely on the nickel surface and that nanoparticles play a key role in the growth of the CNTs. XRD and Raman analyses reveal that the obtained products have graphitic pattern of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Also HRTEM images confirm clearly that the product was a MWCNT and their diameter was in the range of 20–50 nm.