自动电位滴定法间接测定过氧乙酸消毒液中过氧乙酸

正过氧乙酸(PAA)是一种强氧化剂,具有良好的杀菌消毒能力,可用于医疗卫生、食品工业等领域。目前过氧乙酸的测定方法主要有滴定法[1-2]、分光光度法[3]、气相色谱法[4]、离子色谱法[5]、液相色谱法[6]、电化学法[7]等。过氧乙酸消毒液中过氧乙酸的测定属常量分析,GB/T 19108-2003[1]给出了过氧乙酸的滴定分析法,即碘量法,先用高锰酸钾除去样品中过氧化氢,再进行碘量法滴定,两个阶段对酸     

一种测定高浓度臭氧的新方法

测定空气中臭氧浓度的方法很多,常用的有直接紫外分光光度法[1]、间接紫外分光光度法[2]、碘量法[3]、电化学法[4]以及可见光度法等[5].但是上述方法大多仅适用于低浓度臭氧(<10 mg·m-3)的测定,可用于高浓度臭氧(>1 000 mg·m-3)测定的仅有直接紫外分光光度法和碘量法,但经比较发现两种方法的测定结果存在一定差异.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定化探样品中痕量锡

锡在钨钼矿石中是最常见的伴生有益元素。目前测定该矿石中锡的方法主要有碘量法、分光光度法和极谱法等。碘量法和分光光度法存在锡的干扰元素较多,终点难辨的缺点;极谱法灵敏度较高,但操作条件要求严格,各实验室现行操作手续差异较大,且对操作人员且环境危害较大,应减少使用。近十年来,氢化物发生与原子荧光光谱法联用     

十八烷基三甲基溴化铵-十四烷基溴化吡啶协同增敏邻二氮菲间接光度法测定药品中安乃近

正安乃近属于吡唑酮类解热镇痛药物,临床上广泛用于感冒、头痛、发热、肌肉关节痛、牙痛、痛经、风湿及类风湿关节痛等的治疗。目前,安乃近的测定方法主要有碘量法[1]、高效液相色谱法[2-3]、电化学分析法[4]、分光光度法[5]、红外光谱法[6]、荧光分析法[7]和化学发光法[8-9]等。碘量法操作较为繁琐和费时,紫外-分光光度法操作简便,但灵敏度较低。基于Fe3+的显色反应采用可见分光光度法测定安     

Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定保健品中多酚总量

目前多酚的测定方法主要有高锰酸钾法、酒石酸亚铁比色法、原子吸收法、紫外分光光度法等.     

鱼类干货中过氧化氢(H2O2)残留的测定

利用过氧化氢与高锰酸钾发生定量氧化还原反应引起高锰酸钾溶液的吸光度下降,建立了用紫外-可见分光光度计测定鱼类干货(鱼鳞、鱼皮)中微量过氧化氢的方法。结果表明,回收率在87.7%~105.4%之间,该法可测定鱼类干货中的微量过氧化氢,方法简单、快速、准确度高。     

分光光度法测定安乃近药品中安乃近

<正>安乃近属于吡唑酮类解热镇痛药物,临床上广泛用于感冒、头痛、发热、肌肉关节痛、牙痛、痛经、风湿及类风湿关节痛等的治疗。目前,安乃近的测定方法主要有碘量法[1]、高效液相色谱法[2-3]、电化学分析法[4]、紫外-分光光度法[5]、红外光谱法[6]、荧光分析法[7]和化学发光法[8-9]等。用碘量法测定时,操作较为繁琐和费时,条件难以控制。紫外-分光光度法虽然操作简便,但灵敏度较低。本工作研究了安     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中硫离子

制革工业废水中含有大量的硫化物，硫化物在酸性条件下，往往以硫化氢气体的形式散发出来。目前硫化物的测定方法有碘量法、汞量法、亚甲蓝分光光度法、PS计法、荧光法、铁氰化钾法。流动注射分析方法等。     

碘量滴定法测定过氧化氢溶液浓度的改进

研究了用碘量滴定法测定过氧化氢浓度时，试剂的加入顺序和放置时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明，在用碘量滴定法测定过氧化氢浓度的过程中，酸化条件下，I^-与H2O2反应的最佳时间为5～10min。与高锰酸钾氧化法相比，碘量法测定效果较好一些。     

化学发光法测定天麻素

天麻为兰科天麻属植物天麻Gastrodia elata Blume的块茎,性味甘平,有祛风定惊之功效,以天麻素为有效成分应用于临床。对天麻素的测定多用薄层层析-紫外分光光度法,而用化学发光法却未见报道。本文使用鲁米诺-过氧化氢-高锰酸钾发光体系,对天麻素进行了定量分析,取得了良好的效果。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.