Comparison of Mineral Acids in Wet Digestion of Plant Materials for Flame and Flameless Atomic Absorption Measurement of Metals

Various mineral acids are compared in measuring metals in plant materials by flame and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. NBS-SRM 1571, Orchard Leaves, is utilized as the plant material. The combination of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ is found to be the most suitable for measuring Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, while HNO₃ is found to be the best for measuring Cu, Mn, and Pb by flameless Atomic Absorption spectroscopy.     

不同产地吉祥草中重金属的含量测定

测定吉祥草中重金属及有害元素含量,比较不同产地吉祥草中的Cu、Pb、As、Cd、Hg 5种元素的含量.采用原子吸收光谱法测定铅、铜、砷含量,用原子荧光光谱法测定汞、镉含量.吉祥草药材中汞、镉、砷含量均低于国家限量标准,个别地区吉祥草药材中铜、铅含量高于国家限量标准.本文为科学地制定吉祥草药材中重金属限量标准,提高吉祥草...     

秦巴山区娑罗子资源微量及重金属元素分析

微波消解系统处理秦巴山区各县区娑罗子样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定娑罗子中Ca、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg6种微量元素的含量,石墨炉和氢化物法测定As、Pb和Cd3种重金属元素的含量。采用此方法回收率在97.06%—102.52%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.76%。在秦巴山区10个采样点的娑罗子中均含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,比较各种元素含量,不同来源的样品存在差异。     

Comparison of Detection Limits in Atomic Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy

Dagnall, Taylor, and West have recently compared detection limits for a number of metals in atomic fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy and have concluded that “atomic fluorescence measurements using an electrodeless discharge tube are inherently more sensitive than those obtainable by atomic absorption measurements”. Likewise West and Williams have compared the two techniques for magnesium²and silver³, using high-intensity hollow-cathode lamps as sources, and have found much lower detection limits in fluorescence than in absorption.     

Indirect Amplification Determination of Thorium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Thorium may not be determined by direct atomic absorption spectroscopy in flame media with appreciable sensitivity because of inefficient atomisation. Earlier papers from this laboratory have described indirect amplification procedures for similarly difficult elements e.g. niobium¹ and titanium² by atomic absorption spectroscopy· Madison and Guyon³ have developed a solution spectrophotometric procedure for thorium in which the heteropoly acid complex of thorium with phosphomolybdic acid is formed and reduced to the ‘heteropoly blue’. Strict adherence to time of addition of reagents is required in this procedure, and. it is necessary to effect an initial separation of the thorium from most other cations present in the sample.     

鱼中铅、镉、汞和砷的测定

采用二种消化方法并用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法测定了鱼肉和鱼肝中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量。改进了国标每种元素需要一种方法测定的不足。结果表明在污染的河水中鱼肉的重金属元素含量比河水中的高,在同一条鱼中鱼肝中的重金属元素含量比鱼肉中的高。测定值与国标测定值以及标准物质推荐值一致。该方法快速、简便、准确。     

Detection and quantification of heavy metal elements in gallstones using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Gallbladder cancer, which is associated with the heavy metal toxicity, is one of the most dangerous malignancies. High occurrence of gallstones in the gallbladder is a well-recognized risk factor for gallbladder cancer. Accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in the biliary system is one of the main causes of gallstone formation and leads to gallbladder cancer if it remains untreated. In this work, we investigate heavy and toxic metals in gallstones to identify their association as potential risk factors for gallbladder cancer. Detection and quantification of the heavy and toxic chemicals present in gallstones are important to define etiopathogenic factors that, in turn, are useful to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies. We quantified the heavy metals in gallstones collected from patients of different age groups and dietary habits. We carried out chemical composition studies of trace and heavy metal elements present in gallstones by applying Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectrometry. We also compared our experimental results with the results obtained from atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as values previously reported in literature. These findings demonstrate the potential of WD-XRF spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy as important emerging diagnostic tools in the field of gastroenterology.     

六味药材中重金属含量的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法测定 6味中药材中重金属铅、铜、镉、砷、汞的含量。方法操作简便、快速 ,且准确度和精密度高 ,适用于中药材中这 5种重金属的含量测定 ,结果令人满意     

大气颗粒物重金属元素分析技术研究进展

大气颗粒物已经成为当前大气环境首要污染物,而其中重金属由于具有非降解性和滞后性,严重威胁人类生命和自然环境,已成为当前研究热点。对分析大气颗粒物中重金属元素所用原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、荧光光谱法、中子活化法、辉光放电原子发射光谱法、微波等离子体原子发射光谱法和激光诱导击穿光谱法进行了综述,并尝试对这些技术的不足之处提出一些改进建议：连续光源原子吸收光谱法同时测定多种元素,原子发射光谱法直接测定颗粒物,高分辨率激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱法测定固体样品,低散射同步加速荧光法测定大气颗粒物和k₀中子活化法测定对流层发射性元素。大气颗粒物重金属元素的时空分布差异和人类对环境空气质量要求的提高以及现代仪器科学技术的高速发展促使大气颗粒物重金属元素分析技术朝着实时、快速、检出限低、直接测定和操作简便的方向发展。     

原子吸收光谱法测定茯苓中微量元素的含量

研究了汉中两个地区茯苓中的微量元素含量。湿法消解(HNO3)茯苓样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测茯苓中的Ca、Mg、Na、Cu、Fe、Mn、K、Zn含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定茯苓中Pb、Cd二种重金属。茯苓中K含量最高,其次是Mg、Ca、Fe。除K外,汉中勉县茯苓中的微量元素含量普遍高于洋县。重金属测定结果表明,两地茯苓中重金属含量均未超出国家规定。本实验为进一步研究茯苓的药理活性提供了一定的基础。     

Spectroscopic Study of Heavy Metals at Different Depths in Southeastern Soil of Nile Delta,Egypt

The present work has been conducted to study the level of pollutants in six sectors at southeastern soil of Nile delta of Egypt. The level of major, minor and trace metals were surveyed by conventional atomic emission spectroscopy. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to study Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in both soil and irrigating water at different depths up to 100 cm. Results indicate that heavy metals were found with higher concentrations in soil that is irrigated with untreated wastewater. Some samples from locations irrigated with clean surface water also showed higher metal concentrations because of uncontrolled use of fertilizers. The level of metals in surface samples down to 100 cm depth, indicate the possible mobilization of heavy metals that subsequently transported to groundwater and/or the drainage water in these areas. The possible pollution of groundwater and/or drainage water leads to further contamination of soil in other areas through infiltration and diffusion causing wide deterioration of Nile delta agricultural land.     

原子吸收光谱法测定蔬菜中的铁、锰、铜、铅和镉

采用硝酸-高氯酸消解蔬菜样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蔬菜中铁、锰和铜,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蔬菜中的铅和镉。对仪器的工作条件作了探讨。在最佳实验条件下对韭菜、芹菜、洋白菜3种蔬菜进行测定,含量分别为铁：20.01、4.57、5.60μg.g-1,锰：1.445、1.141、1.204μg.g-1,铜：1.031、0.566、0.328μg.g-1,铅：0.106、0.085、0.076μg.g-1和镉：0.012、0.032、0.018μg.g-1。加标回收率为94.0%—106%。该方法简便、准确。     

中药巴戟天多糖的测定及其微量元素分析

采用80%的乙醇回流提取1 h、过滤以除去巴戟天制品中的单糖、多酚类化合物、氨基酸等杂质,应用改进的苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖的含量;利用原子吸收分光光度法测量其中Zn,Fe,Cu等微量元素的含量并与其伪品进行对比测定;同时应用冷原子荧光法测定Hg的含量,结果较为满意,为合理开发该药提供了参考。     

火焰原子吸收对K元素激光诱导击穿光谱测量的影响

当使用激光诱导击穿光谱技术（LIBS）测量火焰场内碱金属元素时,等离子体内碱金属原子所发出的LIBS信号,会受到等离子体外火焰中基态碱金属原子的吸收,影响测量精度。基于Beer Lambert定律和CH4 空气火焰场内气态含K物质的热力学平衡原理,建立了火焰场内K元素LIBS信号的原子吸收模型,并分析了实际生物质颗粒燃烧K元素释放浓度范围内,火焰气氛、K元素浓度分布以及总K浓度对火焰原子吸收效率的影响。研究发现,随着O2/CH4的摩尔比值的增加,火焰中热力学平衡状态下K原子占总K的比例从约25%逐步降低,火焰原子吸收效率也从86.8%逐步降低。当O2/CH4的摩尔比值大于2时,火焰尾气中会存在剩余O2,此时火焰内K原子的吸收效率均低于13%。同时,火焰中K元素浓度分布以及总K浓度的合理调整亦对火焰原子吸收效率具有降低作用。在此基础上,提出了创造氧化性气氛、调整K浓度分布来降低火焰原子吸收效率和提高LIBS测量精度的解决途径。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定空气中铜的不确定度评定

根据方法GBZ/T160.9-2004,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定空气中铜的不确定度数学模型,系统分析并计算各不确定度分量,找出其主要影响因素。当空气中铜含量为0.1467mg/m3时,其扩展不确定度为0.0096mg/m3,从校准曲线求铜的含量和采样体积是影响测定结果的最主要因素。     

Flow seeding with elemental metal species via an optical method

A new optical method to seed a flow with elemental metal species is described and demonstrated using laser ablation. The unique ablation seeding approach is shown to generate free gas-phase metals in their atomic form, without the need for a spray or solvent. The technique can be used in both reactive and non-reactive environments, which solves a problem that has hitherto plagued the seeding of many flows. The ablative seeding approach has the potential to become a standard tool for chemical seeding, with a diverse range of application from flow tracing to atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).     

Determination of Lead in MIBK Extracts Using a Modified Long Path Atomic Absorption Cell

A long path atomic absorption cell has been modified to achieve high sensitvity in the determination of lead after MIBK extraction. This was achieved by using thermal insulation of the absorption cell and positioning the burner at an optimum angle. Insertion of rings inside the cell and oxygen supply line reduced the background noise to a low level while producing high sensitivities. This resulted in a marked improvement in detection limits for some metals in aqueous solution.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定茶叶中的锌、铜和锰

本文研究了茶叶中锌、铜、锰微量金属元素的火焰原子吸收分光光度法的测定。方法简便、快速,灵敏度和精密度高,特征浓度锌为０．００９μｇ／ｍＬ／１％,铜为０．０３１μｇ／ｍＬ／１％,锰为０．０１７μｇ／ｍＬ／１％;相对标准偏差为０．９％～５．０％,回收率９２．０％～１０６．０％。     

固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定头发中的铜和铁

固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定人发中的痕量元素及其在人发中的纵向分布是一种有吸引力的分析方法。本文研究了测定人发中铜和铁的固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法,并用该法分析了日本标准人发样品中的铜和铁,所获结果与推荐值相一致。     

原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铜、铅和镉

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铜的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铅、镉的含量。在实验条件优化情况下,测定方法铜、铅、镉的检出限分别为:0.03mg·L^-1、0.243μg·L^-1和0.012μg·L^-1,回收率在97.26%—105.60%之间,相对标准偏差均小于5%。实验结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏。所测不同产地粉葛样品中铜、铅和镉3种重金属元素含量均在《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的限量指标内。