基于量的角度设计“氢氧化钠溶液与二氧化碳反应”的实验

设计3套"氢氧化钠溶液与二氧化碳气体反应"的实验装置,依据实验现象和二氧化碳气体的溶解度,很容易得出2者发生化学反应的实验结论。     

巧借二氧化碳气体扩散探究微粒运动性

借助于二氧化碳气体的扩散性,选用澄清石灰水、石蕊试纸、燃着的木条、二氧化碳(或氧气)数字传感器等检验物品,设计出多个"探究微粒运动性"的实验,并达到了现象明显、绿色环保、新颖有趣、真实可信等效果。     

温室效应模拟实验演示器

人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书九年级《化学》上册第117页关于"二氧化碳对生活和环境的影响"中谈到:近几十年来,由于人类消耗的能源急剧增加,森林遭到破坏,大气中的二氧化碳的含量不断上升.大气中的二氧化碳气体能像温室的玻璃或塑料薄膜那样,使地面吸收的太阳光的热量不易散失,从而使全球变暖,这种现象叫温室效应.教学时,由于此概念比较抽象,学生不好理解,为了增强学生的感性认识,让学生亲眼目睹"温室效应"会导致气温升高,从而树立环保理念,笔者设计了温室效应模拟实验演示器,经使用取得了较好的实验效果,现介绍如下.     

二氧化碳制取和性质实验的微型化一体设计

介绍了利用微型气体实验仪设计的二氧化碳制取和性质的微型化一体实验和二氧化碳溶于稀氢氧化钠溶液的喷泉实验,具有节约药品,实验容易控制,成功率高,二氧化碳排放量少等优点,有利于培养学生的创新精神和环境保护意识.     

设计组合实验装置多视角探究二氧化碳

通过设计组合与改进二氧化碳的实验装置,对二氧化碳的性质、分离与提纯、定性检测、定量测量、制备新物质等方面进行了探究,培养学生的综合探究与设计实验的能力。     

二氧化碳系列实验的创新改进

在复习课中,设计了综合实验装置,能够完成二氧化碳的制取,二氧化碳与水反应生成碳酸,碳酸具有不稳定性,二氧化碳一般情况下不可燃、不助燃及密度比空气大,二氧化碳与澄清石灰水反应的系列实验。实验器材普通,操作简单,现象明显,可用于多个平行班的实验演示和探究。     

用压力传感器研究"倒吸和喷泉"的实验

用压力传感器对"倒吸和喷泉"实验进行研究,探究氨气、氯气尾气吸收中溶液倒吸因为及二氧化碳"喷泉"溶液不能充满烧瓶的因为.     

中性高锰酸钾溶液氧化乙炔的产物研究

用浓度为0.5％、5％的中性高锰酸钾溶液在不同温度下氧化乙炔气体,并设计实验对氧化产物进行了验证,结合实验现象及相关理论,得出氧化产物主要是甲酸钾或甲酸钾和二氧化碳气体.     

温室效应的实验探究——广为流传且错误的探究

相信对于温室效应的实验探究,广大化学教师来都耳熟能详了,这个探究实验的面世在我的记忆中至少已经有9年多了,2000年4月在绵阳举行的四川省实验成果交流会上,一位职业中学的老师就展示了这个实验研究,她的设计是:在2个空的矿泉水瓶中,一个装满二氧化碳,另一个装满空气,在2个瓶中各插入一只温度计,再用白炽灯泡等距离照射2个矿泉水瓶,一段时间后,观察到装二氧化碳的瓶中的温度计上升的温度比装空气的矿泉水瓶中的高,试图以此来证明二氧化碳的温室效应.     

“二氧化碳的性质及其转化”的项目式教学——探寻二氧化碳的工业捕集方案

以探寻二氧化碳的工业捕集方案为项目主题,开展初中化学二氧化碳的性质及其转化的教学。学生通过“建立价类二维模型并设计二氧化碳的理想转化路径”“实验探究二氧化碳的实际转化”“解决二氧化碳的工业转化”等3个项目子任务理解了物质“组成、性质、变化”之间的关系,运用手持技术数字化实验探究了二氧化碳在不同碱溶液中的吸收效率,发展了实验探究能力,构建了物质转化在化工生产领域的认知模型,提高了思维迁移的能力。从“碳捕集”到“碳利用”的进阶解决问题模式,有利于学生化学学科核心素养的内化。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...