液氮冷冻刀温度检测与显示系统实现

针对液氮冷冻设备监测和控制的需要,以单片机STC12C5410AD为控制核心,采用K型热电偶传感器为测温元件,设计并实现了液氮冷冻刀的温度检测与显示系统。最后将液氮冷冻刀刀头放入不同温度的介质中,对系统进行了验证,结果表明:系统测得的温度值与红外测温仪测得的温度值基本吻合,满足冷冻设备要求,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

液氮喷淋流态化速冻系统及冷冻性能研究

液氮喷淋流态化速冻新系统是以液氮为冷源,结合液氮喷淋预冻和流态化速冻两种冻结方法于一体的食品速冻装置。本文建立了基于新系统的食品冷冻过程的焓法数学模型,计算了黄瓜片在不同冻结条件下的降温过程和冷冻时间,同时对冻品质量进行了分析。     

基于液氮低温冷刀系统的冻结组织温度场分布研究

设计了基于液氮的低温冷冻治疗系统,并进行动物组织实验研究,得到组织关键测温点的温度变化;并对冷冻过程进行数值模拟,将实验结果与模拟冷冻结果进行对比,根据二者的差异对数值模拟中采用的组织热物性参数进行修正,使模拟结果更接近于实际冷冻过程.     

液氮温区下光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器测量性能的研究

基于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的原理,研究了在液氮浸泡情况下光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器的静态传输特性.实验过程中利用悬臂梁原理和美国Micron Optics公司生产的光栅波长可调谐激光扫描法解调系统,分别测量了液氮浸泡中的悬臂梁的正应变和负应变,确定了在液氮温度下悬臂梁应变与光纤光栅波长偏移量之间的关系.为测量高温超导磁体的应变提供了新的方法.     

基于薄液膜蒸发的超高速冷冻方法初探

玻璃化冷冻方法是细胞超低温保存的有效冷冻方法之一.在细胞的玻璃化冷冻过程中,降温速率的提高有利于细胞内外溶液玻璃化程度的增加,同时可以降低低温保护剂的浓度,进而减少低温保护剂对细胞的毒性损伤和渗透性损伤.本文尝试将薄液膜蒸发这种高效相变传热方式与液氮的低温冷却过程相结合,发展了一种超高速、超低温冷冻降温方法.初步的实验结果表明:冷冻载体从10℃降到-180℃,其平均冷却速率达到了148052℃/min。     

35kV/90MVA高温超导限流器低温系统

35kV/90MVA高温超导限流器的低温系统是一个开放式的液氮制冷系统,包括一个环形不锈钢杜瓦、真空绝热管、压力及温度传感器、低温阀门以及监控系统.高温超导磁体放置在杜瓦中;监控系统检测杜瓦内液氮的液面,并控制往杜瓦内进行补液.杜瓦内蒸发的氮气通过真空绝热管道直接排放到大气中.分别对不同工况下的液氮蒸发量进行了测量.进...     

面向超导钉扎磁浮的液氮液位检测方法研究现状

高温超导钉扎磁浮制式以悬浮导向一体化、自稳定、无需控制等优势得到了越来越多的关注.与其他磁浮制式不同,高温超导钉扎磁浮制式采用块状高温超导材料作为车载悬浮体,需要低温液体液氮作为悬浮单元的制冷剂,冷却方式为浴冷,因此实时监测液氮液面,保证液面平稳是未来超导钉扎磁浮车运行维护的首要需求.本文从车载高温超导YBaCuO块材所需的液氮环境及其配套的液氮容器功能和结构出发,结合我们近期的基于卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filtering,KF)滤波算法的铂电阻传感器液氮液位计研究工作,对6种低温液位检测方法的基础原理、特征及检测精度的对比分析,总结示出包括铂电阻阵列方式在内的3种适用于超导钉扎磁浮列车在线检测系统的液氮液位检测方法,用于推进我国2021年1月13日正式启用的高温超导钉扎高速磁浮工程化样车应用发展.     

一种用于CD高温超导电缆的过冷液氮低温系统

介绍了安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司研制的首条冷绝缘(CD)型10m/35kV/2kA高温超导电缆过冷液氮低温系统。系统主要由泵箱、冷箱、输液管道、液氮储槽及监控系统组成。该系统由G-M制冷机提供冷量,低温液氮泵提供循环动力,过冷液氮为闭循环介质。给出了过冷液氮低温系统调试运行结果。     

爆发沸腾形核分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了液氮和水爆发沸腾中均相形核能量转换过程,通过计算系统势能变化分析了热流量和高能分子团尺寸对形核过程能量转换的影响,并分析了水和液氮爆发沸腾形核区别.结果表明,热流量与高能分子团半径的增加都会使系统中的势能转化增加.在模拟后期,水的势能转化趋于平稳,液氮势能转化逐渐升高,这与液氮与水分子之间的相互作用有关.     

过冷液氮冷却系统应用研究

介绍了过冷液氮冷却系统的类别和原理,探究了系统在低温波荡器、超导电缆和高温超导电机等领域的应用,并对系统的改进和应用前景作了展望。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.