边界元数值模拟CPL冷凝单管液体段的冷冻特性

本文对CPL冷凝单管液体段冷冻过程数值解发展了一个边界元方法，并进行了初步的数值模拟，冷冻前的结果与解析解是一致的，文中给出的冷冻极限可供工程部门参考．     

模拟生物组织冻结过程实验与分析

冷冻外科中组织冻结过程的分析对手术实施十分重要。本文建立了低温冷刀实验台,在模拟生物组织中进行冷冻实验,测量了冰球内某点的温度变化;并用有限元方法求解了建立在治法基础上的模拟生物组织冻结过程多维数学模型,计算结果与实验值符合较好;用该模型和方法计算了实验条件下冰球内的温度梯度变化和冷刀所需理论冷量;分析了不同的冷刀直径对冻结过程的影响。     

蓄冷板冻结过程的数值模拟与实验研究

文中对蓄冷板内共晶液的热力学特性进行了分析。运用数值方法对不同温度下的NaCl蓄冷板冻结过程进行模拟研究,并实验验证了模拟的准确性。研究结果表明:当环境温度低于共晶液的共晶温度-21.2℃时,蓄冷板内共晶液开始相变所需的冷冻时间与环境温度有较大影响;蓄冷板出现结晶后直至共晶液完全冻结的相变过程受环境温度的影响较小。     

西兰花液氮流态化速冻的实验研究及理论分析

流态化技术被广泛应用于各种行业,本文以西兰花为例对液氮喷雾流态化速冻过程的传热机理进行了分析,通过焓法数学模型进行数值计算,求出冻结时间,并与实验结果进行了比较.通过比较得出,在进行数值计算时将西兰花简化为一维模型可以大大简化计算过程,而通过此种方法得出的冷冻时间与实验数据相比,误差是可以接受的.     

脑肿瘤冷冻消融区域影响因素分析

本文采用真实的三维头部组织结构,基于发展的高效数值算法,研究了脑肿瘤冷冻消融过程中生物组织相变传热机理,并讨论了冷冻探针尺寸、数量及其制冷能力等参数对冷冻消融区域的影响。同时,我们还考察了血液灌注率的热效应。本文研究方法和结果为制定脑肿瘤冷冻消融方案具有重要的临床指导意义。     

脉冲磁场下金属熔体凝固流场的数值模拟

用ANSYS55有限元数值模拟软件对铝合金熔体凝固过程中的流场作了数值模拟，模拟结果和实验现象相符合.通过数值模拟发现，用数值模拟的方法不仅可以初步了解凝固过程中熔体的流动状态，而且可以了解凝固组织细化和产生缺陷的原因.因此，是一个值得注意的研究方向，有较大的实用价值.     

冷藏展示柜蒸发器优化布置的数值模拟及实验研究

以冷藏展示柜为对象,建立了物理数学模型,用SIMPLE方法计算了3种蒸发器布置型式下柜内空气流动换热的温度场,并对柜内的温度变化过程进行了实验研究,实验结果与模拟计算结果吻合较好,验证了数值模拟的可靠性.通过数值模拟和实验研究得到冷藏展示柜蒸发器最优布置型式.     

基于板式换热器的天然气冷却模拟与实验研究

结合实际工程项目,针对某新型天然气冷箱液化流程中的三台钎焊板式换热器,采用双通道耦合换热模型,以分段线性插值法计算天然气物性,基于FLUENT软件进行了天然气冷却换热过程的CFD数值模拟仿真,并开展了该新型冷箱的实验测试研究。将数值模拟计算结果与HSYSY工艺流程设计值以及实验测试结果进行对比。结果表明,数值模拟计算结果与HSYSY设计值平均误差为4.94%,证明了采用CFD数值模拟方法对HYSYS工艺流程设计与设备选型进行校核具有一定的参考价值。数值模拟计算结果与实验测试结果平均误差为7.78%,证明了数值模拟仿真所采用的简化假设、换热模型以及求解方法对于板式换热器天然气冷却换热过程是合理的。     

微细多孔介质中对流换热研究

本文对空气、氦气和二氧化碳流过微细多孔介质内部的对流换热进行了实验研究和数值模拟。实验段为烧结多孔介质,颗粒的平均直径为40～225μm,通过单吹法的实验方法进行瞬态实验,得到了多孔介质内部对流换热系数。数值模拟了气体流过微细多孔结构内部的对流换热的非稳态过程,得到多孔介质内部对流换热系数。数值结果与实验结果基本一致,并与已有结果基本吻合。     

基于Mathematica数学软件的玻尔共振实验综合研究

对单自由度线性机械振动的研究常采用玻尔共振仪进行测量与分析,但结合该仪器进行受迫振动过程模拟仿真的研究还较少.本论文采用Mathematica数学软件编写相关仿真程序,对玻尔共振仪受迫振动的幅频特性、相频特性进行数值模拟与解析模拟,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行精度分析,从而对数值模拟和解析模拟两种仿真算法进行优劣分析.此外还使用Mathematica数学软件突破玻尔共振仪的现有实验条件功能局限,通过建立整个振动动力学过程的相图、频谱曲线等,从而可以更为深入地研究机械振动规律,拓展Mathematica数学软件在实验分析中的应用范围.     

频谱编码深度成像实验研究

频谱编码显微镜是用衍射光栅和光谱分析装置来获得显微图像.样品上不同的位置被不同的波长照明,通过对反射光光谱进行解码来得到空间信息.搭建了一个基于超连续光源和自制光谱仪的频谱编码显微成像系统,其横向分辨率为1.72±0.13μm(编码线方向)和1.26±0.08μm(垂直于编码线方向),测得不同横向位置处的轴向分辨率有差异.对离体猪肝组织不同部位进行了成像(可见血管、肝窦内皮细胞和肝细胞);对鸡心组织以10μm深度间隔进行成像,测得不同深度处结构信息不一样.结果表明,采用该频谱编码成像的方法能够进行高分辨的深度成像.     

3DEEM和PARAFAC的猪场废水DOM组成特征分析

猪场废水中物质组成与其潜在的环境效应密切相关,研究废水中有机物的组成特征将可为制订科学的资源管理措施提供理论依据。通过采集江西省余江县不同养殖规模(以年出栏量计)的吴杨高(WYG,2 000头)、成林牧业(CL,5 000头)、万谷(WG,20 000头)和正邦(ZB,24 000头)等猪场自然氧化塘内的养殖废水,运用三维荧光(3DEEM)和平行因子分析(PARAFAC)模型研究废水中可溶性有机物(DOM)组成及其荧光特性。结果表明,成林和吴杨高猪场废水中化学需氧量(COD)、全氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+₄)以及可溶性有机碳(DOC)浓度均显著高于万谷和正邦猪场。通过3DEEM和PARAFAC建模发现,猪场废水中可溶性有机物(DOM)主要有三个组分,其中包括两个类蛋白质组分(C1,C2)和一个类腐殖质组分(C3)。线性拟合结果表明,C1分别与C2,C3组分荧光强度间呈极显著正相关,表明不同组分间可能具有相同的物质来源或变化趋势。与养分浓度变化趋势一致,成林和吴杨高猪场DOM组分的荧光强度显著高于万谷和正邦。此外,C1和C2组分对猪场废水中DOM总的贡献率依次为成林(89.7%),吴杨高(87.9%),万谷(77.5%)和正邦(72.9%),而C3所占比例分别为成林(10.3%),吴杨高(12.1%),万谷(22.5%)和正邦(27.1%)。可见,废水中类蛋白质组分比例明显高于类腐殖质组分。与此同时,荧光指数(FI₃₇₀)和腐殖化指数(humification index, HIX)的变化趋势,整体表现为正邦和万谷猪场显著高于成林和吴杨高猪场。Pearson相关性分析表明,不同的荧光指数受环境指标的影响存在一定差异,COD与DOC浓度分别与DOM组分荧光强度间呈极显著相关性。综上,不同的规模化猪场废水中养分水平在一定程度上影响着DOM组成和荧光特性的形成。     

MR imaging of the liver and spleen: a comparison of the effects on signal intensity of two superparamagnetic iron oxide agents

We compared the effects of two superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agents, ferumoxides and SHU-555A, in MR imaging of the liver and spleen. Thirty-six patients with known malignant lesions of the liver underwent T2W turbo spin-echo (TSE) and T1WGRE FLASH opposed-phase imaging before and after SPIO injection on a 1.0 T MR system. Post-ferumoxides images were obtained in 18 patients 90 min after infusion of 15 micrommol Fe/kg of the agent. In 18 other patients SHU-555A was administered as a rapid bolus at a dose of 7.0-12.9 micrommol Fe/kg. T1WGRE FLASH images were obtained immediately, 30 s and 480 s and T2WTSE images 10 min after injection. Signal intensity of the liver, spleen, and malignant liver lesions before and after SPIO was measured with operator-defined regions of interest. The effects of ferumoxides and SHU-555A were measured as the percentage signal intensity change (PSIC) and in the malignant liver lesions additionally as changes in lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (deltaDCNR). On T2W TSE images, there was no significant difference between the two agents in signal loss of liver parenchyma (p > 0.05). The signal loss in the spleen produced by ferumoxides was greater than with SHU-555A (p < 0.05). Both SPIO agents produced a significant increase in the CNR of malignant liver lesions. Delta CNR was slightly greater with ferumoxides than with SHU-555A (p < 0.05). On T1WGRE FLASH images, a slight decrease of liver SI induced by both agents was found on late post-SPIO images. No significant difference of liver PSIC between the two SPIO agents was noted on T1W images. The SI of spleen was significantly increased with both agents on T1W images and no difference in PSIC of spleen was noted (p > 0.05). The T1 and T2 effects produced by ferumoxides and SHU-555A were comparable in the liver although ferumoxides produced a stronger T2 effect in the spleen.     

Study on a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic cavitation removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystis aeruginosa, as a typical alga, produces microcystin with strong liver toxicity, seriously endangering the liver health of human and animals. Inhibiting the bloom of the Microcystis aeruginosa in lakes becomes a significant and meaningful work. Ultrasonic cavitation is currently considered to be the most environmentally friendly and effective method for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa. However, the commercialized ultrasonic algae removal systems require multi-Langevin transducers to achieve omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation due to the single irradiation direction of the Langevin transducer, resulting in the complex design and high energy consumption. To achieve a low-cost, simple structure, and high-efficiency algae removal system, a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic cavitation removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa is proposed. The proposed system is major composed of a novel omnidirectional ultrasonic transducer, which generates the omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation by its shaking-head motion coupled by two orthogonal bending vibration modes. Modal simulation, sound field simulation, and cavitation bubble radius simulation are first carried out to optimize the geometric sizes of the proposed transducer and verify the correctness of the omnidirectional ultrasonic irradiation principle. Then the vibration characteristics of the transducer prototype are measured by vibration tests and impedance tests. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed omnidirectional ultrasonic removal system for Microcystis aeruginosa are evaluated through the algae removal experiments. The experimental results exhibit that the algal cells damaged by ultrasonic irradiation from the proposed system do not have the ability to self-repair. In addition, the algal removal rates reached 55.41% and 72.97% after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment when the corresponding ultrasonic densities are 0.014 W/mL and 0.021 W/mL, respectively. The proposed omnidirectional ultrasonic algae removal system significantly simplifies the configuration and reduces energy consumption, presenting the potential promise of algae removal and environmental protection.     

Preparations for the study on the cluster structure of 16C

In order to look for a proposed cluster structure of 16C, simulation work was made. The simulation of the reaction dynamics give the resolution of the excitation energy on 16C which was reconstructed prior to breakup. The excitation energy resolution is typically ～200 keV at 2 MeV above the two body decay threshold for 16C→12Be+4He. Moreover,some performances of detectors tested using 241 Am α source are also reported.     

Influence of arm position on proton density fat fraction in the liver using chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging

PurposeTo evaluate the influence of arm position on B₁ and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in the liver using chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging.Materials and methodsParticipants were 8 healthy volunteers without liver disease and 36 patients with presumed or proven fatty liver. We assessed two preliminary examinations in healthy subjects, i.e., arm position influence on B1 and the variability of the PDFF between two scans within a short period of time. To verify the changes in PDFF measurement, 36 patients with fatty liver were conducted to compare 2 different arm positions—the elevated arms and side arms positions. The measurement location was based on the Healey & Schroy classification. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the difference in B₁ in between the elevated arms and side arms positions. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between two measurements of PDFF: two same scans within a short period of time, and two scans with different arms positions.ResultsB₁ was significantly different in all segments except for medial segment. The variability of the PDFF between two scans within a short period of time was small in all segments. Some patients had large fluctuations in all segments, although the mean differences in PDFF were small. Upper and lower limits of agreement were 2.064% to 2.871% and − 2.430% to −1.462%, respectively. The relative difference in the rate of PDFF changes as the median (interquartile range [IQR]) in the lateral, medial, anterior, and posterior segments between both the arms positions were 0.0% (9.4), 1.1% (7.3), 1.5% (8.2) and − 0.2% (10.3), respectively.ConclusionsArm position can significantly affect B₁ and PDFF in the liver. Although the absolute change in PDFF between arm positions was not so large, the difference in arm positions can cause large relative PDFF fluctuations.     

MR visible localization device for radiographic-pathologic correlation of surgical specimens

PurposeThe detection of small parenchymal hepatic lesions identified by preoperative imaging remains a challenge for traditional pathologic methods in large specimens. We developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible localization device for imaging of surgical specimens aimed to improve identification and localization of hepatic lesions ex vivo.Materials and methodsThe device consists of two stationary and one removable MR-visible grids lined with silicone gel, creating an orthogonal 3D matrix for lesion localization. To test the device, five specimens of swine liver with a random number of lesions created by microwave ablation were imaged on a 3 T MR scanner. Two readers independently evaluated lesion coordinates and size, which were then correlated with sectioning guided by MR imaging.ResultsAll lesions (n = 38) were detected at/very close to the expected localization. Inter-reader agreement of lesion localization was almost perfect (0.92). The lesion size estimated by MRI matched macroscopic lesion size in cut specimen (± 2 mm) in 34 and 35, respectively, out of 38 lesions.ConclusionUse of this MR compatible device for ex vivo imaging proved feasible for detection and three-dimensional localization of liver lesions, and has potential to play an important role in the ex vivo examination of surgical specimens in which pathologic correlation is clinically important.     

In vivo study on the protection of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy (MRS) was utilized for the first time to evaluate the effect of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) on acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo. In situ Raman analysis of tissue sections provided distinct spectra that can be used to distinguish alcoholic liver injury as well as ethanol‐induced liver fibrosis from the normal state. Sixteen mice with liver diseases including acute liver injury and chronic liver fibrosis, and eight mice with normal liver tissues, and eight remedial mice were studied employing the Raman spectroscopic technique in conjunction with biomedical assays. The biochemical changes in mouse liver tissue when liver injury/fibrosis occurs such as the loss of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the increase of collagen (α‐helix protein) were observed by MRS. The intensity ratio of two Raman peaks (I₁₄₅₀/I₆₆₆) and in combination with statistical analysis of the entire Raman spectrum was found capable of classifying liver tissues with different pathological features. Raman spectroscopy therefore is an important candidate for a nondestructive in vivo screening of the effect of drug treatment on liver disease, which potentially decreases the time‐consuming clinical trials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A New Method for Detection African Swine Fever Virus: Time-resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay

Journal of Fluorescence - African swine fever (ASF) has severely influenced the swine industry of the whole world. Fast and accurate African swine fever virus (ASFV) antigen detection is very...     

波纹管对超导电缆出口液氮温度的影响

建立了30米长高温超导电缆的二维模型,利用Fluent软件对该模型进行仿真分析。在该模型中,采用波纹管恒温器,分析了波纹管的波距、波高等因素对出口液氮温度的影响。结果表明:在相同的热负荷及流量下,波纹管的波距越小,波高越大,出口液氮温度越高。超导电缆波纹管内液氮温度模拟,为低温冷却系统的优化设计提供理论依据。