用高效液相色谱法快速测定头孢氨苄胶囊中头孢氨苄含量

采用反相HPLC法 ,在C18 柱上以甲醇 -磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH7.4)为流动相 ,检测波长为254nm,快速测定头孢氨苄胶囊中头孢氨苄含量。方法简便、快速、准确;其平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别为100.2 %和0.79 %,测定样品结果与药典中的标准方法一致。     

高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外法测定动物肌肉组织中多类药物残留

建立了同时检测动物肌肉组织中9种喹诺酮类药物、7种磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶的高效液相色谱检测方法.动物肌肉组织样品用磷酸盐缓冲液提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液用氮气吹至近干,磷酸盐缓冲液复溶,以甲酸水溶液-乙腈体系为流动相,梯度洗脱,荧光-紫外检测器串联测定.本方法的线性良好,相关系数r>0.9987;平均回收率为70.6%～103.4%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～11.4%; 荧光检测器测定喹诺酮类药物的检出限为0.04～0.4 μg/kg;紫外检测器测定磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶的检出限为3.5 μg/kg.本方法具有简便、通用性强的特点,适用于动物肌肉组织中上述药物的常规残留检测.     

抑制型离子色谱法同时测定海产品中多种抑菌性添加剂

以不同品种的海产品及其制品为例,建立了抑制型离子色谱法测定海产品中丙酸盐、柠檬酸盐及多聚磷酸盐等多种抑菌性添加剂含量的方法。采用亲水性阴离子交换分离柱,KOH溶液为淋洗液作梯度淋洗,对所测丙酸盐、柠檬酸盐及多聚磷酸盐的线性范围在0.9994~0.9998之间,回收率在80.5%~92.9%之间,RSD<6.5%。对东海地区典型海产品中的丙酸盐、柠檬酸盐及多聚磷酸盐进行了测定,结果显示部分海产品加工中添加了丙酸盐、柠檬酸盐及多聚磷酸盐以达到抑菌的目的。     

微波消解-磷钼蓝分光光度法测定城市污泥中总磷浓度

建立了微波消解-磷钼蓝分光光度法测定城市污泥中总磷的方法。在微波环境中硝酸-过氧化氢能够将城市污泥中无机磷盐和含磷有机物消解为正磷酸盐,在弱酸性条件下,正磷酸盐在铋盐的催化条件下与钼酸铵-抗坏血酸生成磷钼蓝,于分光光度计波长690nm处进行测定总磷浓度。方法的相对标准偏差0.63%～0.95%,加标回收率为101%～102%,能够满足对城市污泥中总磷浓度的测定要求。     

CdTe/CdS量子点共振瑞利散射光谱法测定细胞色素C

以3-巯基丙酸为稳定剂,合成了具有特殊光学性质的水溶性核壳型CdTe/CdS量子点.基于细胞色素C对该量子点的共振瑞利散射有显著的增强作用,建立了一种快速检测细胞色素C的方法.在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,量子点在385 nm波长处的共振瑞利散射的增强与细胞色素C浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为0.036～1.31 mg·L-1,检出限为10.8 μg·L-1.方法已用于人体血清中细胞色素C含量的测定,并用标准加入法测得方法的回收率在90.4%～933.2%之间.     

衍生液提取-高效液相色谱法快速测定香菇中的游离甲醛

以2,4-二硝基苯肼乙腈溶液-pH 5磷酸盐缓冲液(体积比为1:1)为提取溶液,提取香菇中游离的甲醛,采用高效液相色谱法测定。结果表明,乙腈-pH 5磷酸盐缓冲液(体积比为1:1)能够有效地抑制香菇中酶反应释放甲醛,达到提取香菇中游离甲醛的目的。在提取液中加入衍生化试剂2,4-二硝基苯肼,将甲醛的提取和衍生化反应相结合,此衍生液提取方法有效地提高了检测效率。鲜香菇样品中分别添加5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/kg的甲醛,平均回收率分别为89.2%、91.7%和90.4%,相对标准偏差(n=6)＜5.0%。方法的定量限（S/N＞10）为5.0 mg/kg。该方法适用于香菇中游离甲醛的检测,且快速简便、重现性好,是确定香菇中甲醛天然本底值的有效方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定烟用接装纸中的六价铬

建立了一种测定烟用接装纸中六价铬的高效液相色谱法.方法以磷酸盐缓冲液萃取试样中的六价铬,加入二苯卡巴肼与六价铬进行显色配合反应,生成紫红色配合物,过滤后滤液经液相色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器分析测定.方法检出限为0.020 mg/kg,定量限为0.067 mg/kg,回收率为84.0%~99.8%,方法准确度和精密度均满足烟用接装纸的检测要求.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定环境水中的苯胺和苯酚

建立了用高效液相色谱荧光检测法同时测定环境水中苯胺和苯酚的分析方法。色谱柱为EclipseXDB C8(4.6mmi.d.×150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇 磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾 0 1mol/L磷酸氢二钠,pH6.87)V(甲醇)∶V(磷酸盐缓冲液)=50∶50,流速1 0mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长0minλex/λem=230/340nm(测定苯胺),3.5minλex/λem=215/300nm(测定苯酚)。测定苯胺的线性范围0.2～120ng,r=0.9999,检出限0.01ng;测定苯酚的线性范围0.4～500ng,r=0.9998,检出限0.02ng,回收率98.1%～101.2%。该方法已用于对环境水中苯胺和苯酚的测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定阿莫西林

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定阿莫西林并对测定条件及有关参数进行了试验.用Shim-Pack VP-ODS柱作色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.0)及乙醇以90比10的混合液为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,在228nm波长处测定阿莫西林的含量,其线性范围为0.045～0.60 g·L-1,相关系数为0.9974.将方法应用于阿莫西林胶囊的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差值小于0.6%,用标准加入法作回收试验,回收率结果在94.7%～101.3%之间.     

酶荧光毛细分析法测定葡萄糖

基于酶催化和荧光毛细分析法(FCA)开发了一种微量、快速测定葡萄糖的新方法(GE-FCA)。优选的实验条件为:反应时间15min;反应温度30℃;磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.0),HRP浓度和GOD浓度分别是200和150U/L;线性范围0.1～4mg/L;检出限0.070mg/L。GE-FCA对血液中葡萄糖进行测定,其回收率在98.9%～103.8%之间。与其它方法相比,GE-FCA法操作简单,而且试样用量少(仅为18μL),节省了酶试剂用量,实验成本低,易于普及推广。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤矸石中微量锗和镓

建立了测定煤矸石中微量锗和镓的电感耦合等离子体质谱法。煤矸石试样经高温灰化,用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-磷酸分解,以电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中的锗和镓。通过在线三通加入内标元素铑,消除非质谱干扰;通过选择干扰元素的异质同位素进行定量测定,采用数学公式在线校正,消除质谱干扰。与分光光度法进行比对,锗、镓测定结果的相对偏差为-0.63%~0.28%。克服了常规化学分析方法步骤繁琐、耗时长、工作量大的不足。该法测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%(n=6),加标回收率为97.4%~102.5%。该方法具有检出限低、快速、简便、线性范围宽、多元素同时测定等优点,分析误差满足化学分析法的要求,可用于煤矸石中锗和镓的测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定镓酸钠溶液中的镓和钒含量

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定镓酸钠溶液中的镓和钒含量的方法,通过塑料样品杯和麦拉膜封装液体样品,测定中添加仪器自带Zn、Cr两种影响元素排除干扰,减少X射线荧光光谱仪对样品测定结果的偏差,即可得出镓和钒在样品中的含量。结果表明,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3%,加标回收率为93.33%~102.1%,可实现金属镓生产过程中的物料成分快速检测。     

A new principle of activation-analysis separations-X Substoichiometric determination of traces of gallium

A rapid method for the substoichiometric determination of gallium by neutron-activation analysis has been developed. After irradiation and dissolution of the test sample, gallium carrier is added and two preliminary separation steps are performed: the extraction into chloroform of cupferrates from 7N sulphuric acid and of diethyldithiocarbamates from 2-3N sulphuric acid. The pH of the remaining aqueous phase is then adjusted to 5.5, the solution extracted with a substoichiometric amount of 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform and the activity of the gallium hydroxyquinolate extract measured. A simultaneously irradiated gallium standard is treated in exactly the same way. From the activities of these two substoichiometric extracts the amount of gallium originally present in the test sample can be calculated. The method has been applied to the determination of 10(-6) to 10(-3)% of gallium in metallic aluminium and transistor-grade silicon.     

Internal standard method for determination of gallium and some trace elements in bauxite by neutron activation analysis

A method is described for the determination of gallium and other trace elements such as Ce, Cr, Hf, Lu and Th in bauxite by the technique of neutron activation analysis using gold as internal standard. Isopropyl ether was used as organic extractant to extract radioactive gallium from the sample. This method yields very good accuracy with a relative error of ±3%.     

Substoichiometric neutron-activation determination of gallium: extraction from HCl with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide in cyclohexane

A highly precise method for the determination of traces of gallium by neutron activation is described. Conditions for the extraction of gallium are reported and general requirements for substoichiometric isolation of cations from HCl with neutral donors are discussed. The mean of determinations of gallium at concentrations of 40 ng ml in a solution prepared by dissolving a standard reference aluminium alloy was 213.9 +/- 1.3 ng. The relative standard deviation and the total error of the method (based on the SRM value) were 0.7 and 10.5% respectively.     

EDTA容量法快速测定酸法生产金属镓的液体物料中镓含量

建立了在酸法生产金属镓过程中,用NH4F掩蔽溶液中的铝,加入过量的EDTA标准溶液使之与镓元素完全络合,调整条件试剂硼酸溶液和无水乙醇的加入量,保证终点的准确判断,过量EDTA以PAN为指示剂用硫酸铜标准溶液回滴求得液体物料中镓含量的分析方法.实验表明,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8％～6.5％,加标回收率为97.14％～104.0％.方法有较高的准确性和可靠性,且测定结果精密度高,可实现酸法生产金属镓液体物料中镓含量的快速检测.     

The differential pulse polarographic determination of chromium in gallium arsenide

The method described for the determination of chromium in gallium arsenide is based on the catalytic current produced by nitrate in the electrolytic reduction of the chromium(VI)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate complex. Matrix effects, primarily caused by gallium, are discussed in detail. The method is suitable for determinations of chromium at levels as low as about 1 μg g^?1 with about 50 mg of sample; the r.s.d. is better than 10%.     

基于凝胶过滤色谱的β2微球蛋白标准品单体定量检测方法

β2微球蛋白（B2M）标准品是研究透析相关淀粉样变和评估血液透析器透过效率的重要试剂。B2M易于聚集的特性导致其作为标准品的单体浓度降低,使得检测结果准确性下降。为了准确评价B2M标准品的质量,该研究建立了基于凝胶过滤色谱的B2M样品中非聚集单体的定量检测方法。使用TSKgel SuperSW2000（30 cm×4.6 mm,4 μm）凝胶筛分色谱柱,流动相为0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS,pH 7.2~7.4）,流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温为25℃。使用紫外检测器,检测波长为280 nm,外标法定量。在0.05~0.50 g/L的B2M单体质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9948。定量限（信噪比为10）为0.08 g/L,添加水平为0.10~0.30 g/L时,回收率为85.0%~96.7%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~3.3%。使用该方法对实验室自制重组人B2M标准品进行了质量检测,结果显示,该方法处理简单,准确度高,稳定性好,且不受溶液中B2M二聚体的干扰,适用于B2M标准品的质量分析。     

Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead in waste water and effluent after preconcentration using a rapid coprecipitation technique with gallium phosphate

A determination method for lead in waste water and effluent was studied using flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration of lead by the rapid coprecipitation technique with gallium phosphate. Lead ranging from 0.5 to 50 microg was quantitatively coprecipitated with gallium phosphate from 100-150 mL sample solution (pH approximately 5). The presence of gallium phosphate did not affect the atomic absorbance of lead. Since the concentration of gallium in the final sample solution is also measurable by flame atomic absorption spectrometry at 250.0 nm without further dilution, the rapid coprecipitation technique, which does not require complete collection of the precipitate, becomes possible using a known amount of gallium and measuring the concentrations of both lead and gallium in the final sample solution by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The 32 diverse ions tested gave no significant interferences in the lead determination. The method proposed here is rapid and has good reproducibility.     

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis of fly ash from Bulgarian coal-fired power plants

The contents of Cl, Ca, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb in raw coal fly ash from five Bulgarian power plants were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), using gallium as the internal standard. The samples were analysed as in slurry form in Triton? X-114. The experimental parameters, such as grain size, concentrations of fly ash slurry and excitation time were optimised. For validation of the method, the certified reference material BCR-176R fly ash was used. The precision of the results obtained is characterised by a relative standard deviation of approximately 10%. The resulting data confirm the suitability of TXRF for the simultaneous determination of major, minor and trace elements in coal fly ash samples. Further advantages provided by TXRF are easy sample preparation (no sample dissolution) and the small sample amount required for analysis.