1,4-取代-2-丁炔共二聚反应中溶剂效应和盐效应对反应选择性的影响

PdCl_2(PhCN)_2催化的1,4-取代-2-丁炔与烯丙基氯的共二聚反应中,考察了不同的溶剂、不同的盐组分对生成双键的顺反异构体的影响。实验结果发现,1,4-二氯-2-丁炔与烯丙基氯的反应中,不加溶剂和氯化物,产物的双键以E式为主,加入溶剂和氯化物,产物以Z式为主。     

钯催化下(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇与末端炔 烃的偶联反应

在Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化下和使用1mol的NEt~3作碱和THF作溶剂,(Z)-3-碘-3-三氟甲基-1-芳基烯丙醇(1)与末端炔烃(3)反应得到正常的偶联产物5。当以NEt~3作碱和溶剂,Pd(PPh~3)~4/CuI催化1与3的交叉偶联反应生成化合物4。4为正常偶联化合物5在NEt~3存在下双键发生重排反应的产物。     

一种简便合成2-丁炔-1,4-二醇衍生物的新方法

由2-丁炔-1,4-二醇可以很方便地得到2-丁炔-1,4-二氯,这一试剂在有机合成中有着广泛的应用。而在其它条件相同的情况下,制备2-丁炔-1,4-二溴并未得到相应较好的结果。我们用无水苯为反应溶剂,以温和的 (PPh3)PBr2作为卤代试剂(冰浴下液溴逐滴滴入PPh3苯溶剂中当场生成)卤化2-丁炔-1,4-二醇,选择性合成得到2-丁炔-1,4-二溴衍生物。同时也实现了2-丁炔-1,4-二醋酸酯的合成。     

顺1,4-聚丁二烯在不同溶剂中的环化反应及其机理的研究

以烯丙基氯 一氯二乙基铝 (CH2 CHCH2 Cl AlEt2 Cl)催化体系研究了顺 1 ,4 聚丁二烯在不同溶剂(三甲苯、二甲苯、甲苯、苯和环己烷 )中的环化反应 .结合环化产物红外光谱的测定 ,提出芳烃溶剂分子经受阳碳离子亲电取代作用而参与环化的机理 ,以此解释了若干实验事实 ,并对已有文献报道进行了讨论 .     

微波促进立体选择性高效合成糖基α,β-不饱和酯类化合物

利用微波促进糖醛与叶立德(Ph3P=CHCOOEt)发生Wittig反应,立体选择性地合成了含有α,β-不饱和酯的糖烯类化合物,反应效率显著提高,使用不同的反应溶剂可实现对反应立体选择性的控制.并通过1H NMR中双键氢的偶合常数确定了产物的构型.     

苯乙烯与4-氨基苯酚的氢氨甲基化反应研究北大核心CSCD

氢氨甲基化反应(HAM)是由简单烯烃、胺和合成气一锅法合成有价值胺的方法,具有较高的原子经济效率.然而,4-氨基苯酚作为一种特殊的反应底物,因其同时具有羟基和胺基官能团,在羰基化反应过程中能够选择性地在不同位点发生反应获得不同的产物.因此,我们系统研究了4-氨基苯酚与烯烃的HAM,通过筛选反应参数,确定了最优反应条件,并通过调控添加剂种类,选择性地在4-氨基苯酚的不同活性位点发生反应.结果表明,以甲醇为溶剂,三(3-甲氧基苯基)膦为配体,RhCl(PPh_(3))_(3)为催化剂前驱体,合成气压力4 MPa(H_(2)∶CO=3∶1),反应温度100℃,反应时间20 h时,该催化体系具有最高的反应活性.当以CH3COOH作为添加剂时,选择性的4-氨基苯酚的胺基官能团发生氢氨甲基化反应得到产物4-[(2-苯丙基)氨基]苯酚,收率为82%;当以DBU作为添加剂时,得到苯乙酮产物,收率为92%.最后,提出了该反应可能的机理,为4-氨基苯酚的选择性反应提供理论依据.     

4-二甲氨基吡啶催化的1,3-二酮与3-丁炔-2-酮的苯环化反应

在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化下, 1,3-二酮与3-丁炔-2-酮可以区域选择性地合成四取代的苯, 该方法具有反应条件温和和操作简单等优点, 产物的结构通过IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS确证.     

亚甲基烯酮与5-亚甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮反应机理的研究

利用半经验分子轨道理论AM1方法，研究了5-亚甲基-1，3-二噁烷-4，6-二酮与亚甲基烯酮的2，3-位C＝C，3，4-位C＝O和1，2-位C＝O三种双键位置上的环加成反应的反应机理．采用Berny梯度法优化得到反应的过渡态，并进行了振动分析确认．计算结果表明，环加成反应是按照协同的非同步途径进行的，经过一个扭曲的六员环过渡态，前线轨道分析表明反应机理为［4＋2］机理．根据AM1优化得到的产物反应物及过渡态的生成热可知三个反应的活化焓分别为27．07kJ·mol-1，32．41kJ·mol-1和137．96kJ·mol-1，2，3-位C＝C双键上的环加成反应的活化焓最低，这与实验中只观察到2，3－位C＝C双键上环加成产物的结论是一致的．     

脒类化合物与α-卤代-α,β-不饱和腈类反应的研究

研究了脒类化合物与α-氯代-α,β-不饱和腈类的反应。制得十五种化合物,其中十一种为未知化合物。结果表明,不同溶剂环境,产生不同环合产物,在质子性溶剂中,仅得六元环合产物(嘧啶类似物);在极性非质子性溶剂中,得六元及以五元为主的(咪唑啉)环合产物的混合物。     

三氟甲磺酸铜(Ⅱ)催化的苯乙烯基重氮乙酸甲酯和芳胺的插入反应

在三氟甲磺酸铜催化下,苯烯基重氮甲酯和苯胺(2)在多种溶剂下发生插入反应,主要产物是α,β-不饱和γ-氨基酸衍生物.以二氯甲烷为溶剂时,产物的区域选择性随2上取代基不同而发生变化.通过在铜催化剂中加入配体,可以获得低的对映选择性.     

Addition of bromine chloride and iodine monochloride to carbonyl-conjugated, acetylenic ketones: synthesis and mechanisms

The reactions of 3-butyn-2-one (1), 3-hexyn-2-one (2), and 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one (3) with bromine chloride (BrCl) and iodine monochloride (ICl) in CH(2)Cl(2), CH(2)Cl(2)/pyridine, and MeOH are described. The data show that the major products in CH(2)Cl(2) are (Z)-AM (anti-Markovnikov) regioisomers. With the exception of 3 and ICl, the (E)-AM regioisomers predominate when pyridine was added as an acid scavenger. Minor amounts of the M regioisomers were formed with 1 and 2 and BrCl. The percentage of M regioisomer increased significantly with 1 and BrCl in MeOH, but MeOH had little affect on the other reactions. Isolation and stability of the products are discussed. Detailed evidence for the structures of the products, involving a combination of MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR, and IR, is presented; HRMS analyses are provided as proofs for all of the products. The acid-catalyzed mechanism and the halonium ion mechanism are considered as possible pathways in the formation of the products.     

二茂铁基查耳酮系化合物的Mossbauer谱研究

本文合成了两个二茂铁基查耳酮系化合物3b-3eC5H5FeC5H4CO(CH=CH)nC6H5(n=1,2,3,4)和6a-6cC5H5FeC5H4(CH=CH)nCOC6H5(n=0,1,2)。为了研究这类三岔共轭体系的结构效应,我们用Mossbauer效应为探针, 研究了二茂铁基Fe核周围的电子云分布情况。并用同系因子(1/a)^1^/^N考查了Mossbauer谱参数QS和IS的同系递变规律。结果表明3系中的茂铁基只起代基作用; 6系中的茂铁基则为端基。3系中共轭链的增长引起QS值的减小, 可能是诱导效应所致, 并讨论了取代基的吸电子效应和茂环与铁核间距离对IS和QS值减小的影响。     

3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇质谱碎裂中[C8H7]^+的结构及分子内质子迁移反应

报道了3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇的常规电子轰击质谱(EIMS)。利用碰撞诱导解离(CID)技术研究了质谱碎裂过程中产生的[C8H7]^+的气相离子结构。同时, 氘代同位素交换、亚稳(MI)和CID实验进一步证实了m/z 103离子的形成并不是分子离子的质谱碎裂中顺次失去甲基自由基和中性CO分子的直接氢迁移的协同反应, 而是在失去CO分子前后发生了二次质子迁移反应的逐步过程。在此基础上提出了一种独特的双分子质子键合复合物中间体的碎裂机理。     

A novel approach toward asymmetric synthesis of alcohol functionalized C-chiral diphosphines via two-stage hydrophosphination of terminal alkynols

Alcohol functionalized diphosphine ligands with chirality residing on the carbon backbone were prepared using a novel two-stage asymmetric synthetic methodology from the corresponding terminal alkynols. Under mild conditions, the alkynols, 3-butyn-1-ol and 2-propyn-1-ol, were subjected to direct hydrophosphination to give the corresponding Markovnikov addition products. The phosphine functionalized alkenols thus obtained were subsequently subjected to a second-stage asymmetric hydrophosphination employing an organopalladium complex containing the ortho-metalated (R)-(1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)naphthalene as a chiral auxiliary and reaction promoter. In the reaction that involved 3-diphenylphosphanyl-but-3-en-1-ol, all four possible stereoisomeric products were generated stereoselectively in the ratio of 1:2:4:18. The major isomer was subsequently isolated in appreciable yield in its configurationally pure form and characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The naphthylamine auxiliary could be removed chemoselectively from the template product by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding optically pure neutral complex. Subsequent ligand displacement from the palladium achieved using aqueous potassium cyanide generated the optically pure diphosphine ligand with chirality residing on the carbon backbone in appreciable yield. However, the similar asymmetric hydrophosphination reaction involving 2-diphenylphosphanyl-prop-2-en-1-ol did not exhibit appreciable selectivity.     

Calorimetric and computational study of 3-buten-1-ol and 3-butyn-1-ol. Estimation of the enthalpies of formation of 1-alkenols and 1-alkynols

The enthalpies of combustion and vaporization of 3-buten-1-ol and 3-butyn-1-ol have been measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry and correlation gas chromatography techniques, respectively, and the gas-phase enthalpies of formation, Delta(f)H degrees (m)(g), have been determined, the values being -147.3 +/- 1.8 and 16.7 +/- 1.6 kJ mol(-1), for 3-buten-1-ol and 3-butyn-1-ol, respectively. High level calculations at the G2 and G3 levels have also been carried out. Relationships between the enthalpies of formation of 1-alkanols, 1-alkenols and 1-alkynols and with the corresponding hydrocarbons have been discussed. From the calculated contributions to Delta(f)H degrees (m)(g) for the substitutions of CH(3) by CH(2)OH, CH(3)CH(2) by CH(2)=CH and CH(3)CH(2) by CH triple bond C, we have estimated the Delta(f)H degrees (m)(g) values for 3-buten-1-ol and 3-butyn-1-ol, in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. Delta(f)H degrees (m)(g) values for 1-alkenols and 1-alkynols up to 10 carbon atoms have also been estimated.     

Total syntheses of zaragozic acids A and C by a carbonyl ylide cycloaddition strategy

A carbonyl ylide cycloaddition approach to the squalene synthase inhibitors zaragozic acids A and C is described. The carbonyl ylide precursor 8 was synthesized starting from di-tert-butyl D-tartrate (47) via an eleven-step sequence involving the regioselective reduction of the mono-MPM (MPM=4-methoxybenzyl) ether 48 with LiBH4 and the diastereoselective addition of sodium tert-butyl diazoacetate to alpha-keto ester 10. The reaction of alpha-diazo ester 8 with 3-butyn-2-one (40) in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Rh2(OAc)4] gave the desired cycloadduct 59 as a single diastereomer. The dihydroxylation of enone 59 followed by sequential transformations permitted the construction of the fully functionalized 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core 5. Alkene 79 derived from 5 serves as a common precursor to zaragozic acids A (1) and C (2), since the elongation of the C1 alkyl side chain can be attained by olefin cross-metathesis, especially under the influence of Blechert's catalyst (85).     

Total synthesis of (+/-)-kainic Acid with an aza-[2,3]-Wittig sigmatropic rearrangement as the key stereochemical determining step

A flexible route to the kainoid skeleton is exemplified by the synthesis of (+/-)-kainic acid from 3-butyn-1-ol. The route relies on the aza-[2,3]-Wittig sigmatropic rearrangement to efficiently install the relative stereochemistry between C2-C3. The C4 stereocenter was derived from a diastereocontrolled iodolactonization. The aza-[2,3]-Wittig rearrangement potentially allows structural diversity at C3 and the displacement of the tosyloxy group with retention of stereochemistry allows structural diversity at C4. The trans-C2 carboxylic acid functional group was found to be the most important for retention of stereochemistry at C4 upon treatment with a higher order cyano cuprate reagent.     

Synthesis of 1-Bromo-3-butyn-2-one and 1,3-Dibromo-3-buten-2-one

Synthetic procedures for the preparation of 1-bromo-3-butyn-2-one and 1,3-dibromo-3-buten-2-one are given. These compounds are prepared from 2-bromomethyl-2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, which can readily be prepared from 2-ethyl- 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane. The synthetic routes are as follows: 2-bromomethyl-2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane is converted to 2-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-2-bromomethyl-1,3-dioxolane. Double dehydrobromination with ^tBuOK affords 2-ethynyl-2-bromomethyl-1,3-dioxolane. Formolysis with formic acid gives 1-bromo-3-butyn-2-one. Deacetalized 2-bromoethyl-2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane was treated with Br₂ and Li₂CO₃/12-crown-4 in tetrahydrofuran to give 1,3-dibrom-3-buten-2-one in moderate yield.