碱式碳酸锌非等温热分解动力学研究

采用TG-DTA曲线分析研究了碱式碳酸锌在氮气气氛中的热分解反应动力学,利用Doyle-Ozawa法和Kissinger法对碱式碳酸锌非等温热分解动力学数据进行了分析,同时运用Satava-Sestak法研究了碱式碳酸锌的热分解机理.结果表明,碱式碳酸锌的热分解反应服从随机成核和随后生长机理.     

六聚钒酸铵热分解过程研究

六聚钒酸铵是用铵盐法制取五氧化二钒的重要中间化合物,研究其热分解过程至为重要。本文报导了用热谱法、X-射线衍射法、电子衍射法和化学分析法研究六聚钒酸铵热分解过程的结果.     

N,N′-二(5,5-二甲基-2-磷杂-2-硫代-1,3-二噁烷-2-基)乙二胺在空气中的热分解动力学研究

以TG-DTG为手段, 研究了N,N′-二(5,5-二甲基-2-磷杂-2-硫代-1,3-二噁烷-2-基)乙二胺(DPTDEDA)在空气中的热分解动力学,利用Friedman法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法对DPTDEDA进行了动力学分析, 求出了该物质两个主要的热分解阶段的热分解动力学参数, 同时利用Coats-Redfern法、Achar法研究了该物质的热分解机理. 结果表明, 用Friedman法所求得的两个热分解阶段的表观活化能的平均值分别为128.03和92.59 kJ•mol^－1; 而Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法所求得的两个热分解阶段的表观活化能的平均值分别为138.75和106.78 kJ•mol^－1. 由Coats-Redfern法、Achar法得出DPTDEDA在空气中的热分解过程虽主要分为两段反应, 但经过推理其反应机理函数却是相同的, 为f(α)＝3/2(1－α)^4/3[(1－α)^－1/3－1]^－1.     

氟橡胶/改性乙丙橡胶并用胶的热稳定性

采用热分析技术考察了氟橡胶及氟橡胶(FPM)/改性乙丙橡胶(MEPDM)并用胶在氮气中的热稳定性, 通过微分法与积分法两种动力学方法计算出了FPM及FPM/MEPDM并用胶的热分解活化能E和指前因子A. 结果表明, 并用胶的热分解温度稍高于纯的氟橡胶, 但热分解活化能略低于氟橡胶, FPM、FPM/MEPDM(5%)和FPM/MEPDM(10%)的热分解活化能分别为251.74、244.98和219.60 kJ·mol-1; 热分解反应级数n均为0.95. 随着失重百分率的增大, 热分解活化能增大.     

新型磷系阻燃剂1,3,5-三(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂-2-氧代己内磷酰基- 2-氧)苯的合成及热分解动力学研究

以新戊二醇、三氯氧磷及1,3,5-三羟基苯等为原料, 经过两步反应合成新型磷系阻燃剂1,3,5-三(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂-2-氧代己内磷酰基-2-氧)苯, 采用元素分析、FT-IR、MS及1H NMR等技术确定了标题化合物的分子结构. 以TG-DTG为手段, 研究该新型磷系阻燃剂在氮气气氛中的热分解动力学; 利用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)法对其进行热分解动力学研究, 求出该阻燃剂的热分解动力学参数; 利用Coast-Redfern法研究该阻燃剂的热分解机理. 结果表明, Kissinger法所求得的表观活化能为171.72 kJ•mol－1, 指前因子ln A为37.57; Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法所求得的表观活化能为172.05 kJ•mol－1. 标题化合物的热分解动力学方程g(α)＝α1/4, 反应级数n＝1/4.     

新型无卤阻燃剂双酚S-二(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂己内磷酸酯)的热分解动力学研究

以TG-DTG为手段,研究了双酚S-二(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂己内磷酸酯)(FR)在氮气气氛中的热分解动力学,利用Kissinger和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法对FR进行热分解动力学分析,求出了该物质的热分解动力学参数.结果表明,Kissinger法所求得的活化能为190.16 kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgAk为17.42 s-1;FWO法所求得的活化能为198.48 kJ.mol-1.Coats-Redfern方法得到其热分解动力学方程为g(α)=(1-α)-2.     

迪开石热分解及重结晶的非等温动力学

采用热分析(TG-DTG-DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了福州迪开石在动态空气气氛条件下的热分解及重结晶过程, 利用TG和DSC数据分别对迪开石的热分解和重结晶过程进行动力学分析. 由Friedman法求得热分解过程的表观活化能, 以此为初始值, 通过非线性回归法拟合得到了热分解过程最可能的反应机理和动力学参数; 将迭代的等转化率法和最小偏差法相结合计算得到了高温下迪开石重结晶过程最可能的反应机理和动力学参数. 研究结果表明, 迪开石在450~750 ℃内发生热分解, 脱去2个水分子, 生成无定形的准迪开石, 此过程为两步连串反应, 第一步为随机成核和随后生长机理An, 第二步为自催化反应机理CnC; 在975~1050 ℃内, 准迪开石重结晶转化为莫来石, 此过程对应的反应机理为An.     

铜(Ⅱ)与N-(2-羟基乙基)水杨醛亚胺配合物热分解非等温动力学的研究

本文利用TG,DTG技术研究了铜(Ⅱ)与N-(2-羟基乙基)水杨醛亚胺配合物的热分解过程,借助TG,DTG曲线,采用Achar法和Coats-Redfern法, 通过对比不同机理时的动力学参数,推断出第一,三两步热分解反应的可能机理, 求出了该配合物热分解的非等温动力学数据.其机理为三维扩散,#D(圆柱形对称)     

硝酸镝水合物热分解机理的研究

有关Dy(NO_3)_3·nH_2O(n=6、5、3.5、3)水合物的热分解,文献中只有少数报道,其中有的仅给出了图谱,没有提出热分解机理;有的虽提出了热分解机理,但结果不尽相同。目前有关低水合物的热分解机理研究尚无报道。为此,我们研究了Dy(NO_3)_3·nH_2O(n=6、5、3.5、3)的热分解过程,用Kissinger法计算了它们的脱水表现活化能和用DSC法测定了部分脱水过程的脱水焓。     

稀土氨基酸配合物RE(Val)Cl3•6H2O(RE = Nd，Sm)的热分解动力学

合成了稀土氨基酸配合物晶体——三氯化缬氨酸六水合钕、钐，对合成样品进行了EDTA滴定、元素分析、红外光谱分析、热重、差热分析以及熔点测定，推测了配合物的热分解机理，采用Achar法和Coats-Redfern法研究了配合物热分解的非等温动力学过程，给出了各配合物样品失水阶段第一步反应和氨基酸骨架断裂阶段第一步反应的活化能（E）、指前因子的对数值（ln(A)）及热分解反应动力学方程式.     

NaYF4∶Er3＋, Yb3＋纳米晶的液相合成

采用丙三醇液相结晶法制备了NaYF4∶Er3＋, Yb3＋上转换纳米晶, 合成步骤被简化. 常温下, 用980 nm的红外激光激发可以观察到很强的绿光、红光发射, 用荧光光谱仪记录了该上转换光谱. X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果表明, 该方法制备NaYF4∶Er3＋, Yb3＋纳米晶属于立方混合六方晶系. 研究了纳米晶的上转换发光机理, 根据晶体场理论对Er3＋的两个上转换能级进行了Stark分裂计算, 对两个能级之间的谱线进行了归属, 进一步证实了980 nm光子激发Er3＋离子的上转换机理, 一个是连续吸收两个980 nm光子的过程(激发态吸收), 另一个是吸收980 nm光子后, 电子转移到亚稳态能级, 然后再吸收980 nm光子过程(能量转移上转换).     

Synthesis of colloidal upconverting NaYF4 nanocrystals doped with Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+, Yb3+ via thermal decomposition of lanthanide trifluoroacetate precursors

Upconverting lanthanide-doped nanocrystals were synthesized via the thermal decomposition of trifluoroacetate precursors in a mixture of oleic acid and octadecene. This method provides highly luminescent nanoparticles through a simple one-pot technique with only one preparatory step. The Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+, Yb3+ doped cubic NaYF4 nanocrystals are colloidally stable in nonpolar organic solvents and exhibit green/red and blue upconversion luminescence, respectively, under 977 nm laser excitation with low power densities.     

Novel heterometal-organic complexes as first single source precursors for up-converting NaY(Ln)F4 (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm) nanomaterials

First heterometal-organic single source precursors for NaYF(4) nanomaterials as a host matrix for up-conversion emission are reported. These novel heterobimetallic derivatives NaY(TFA)(4)(diglyme) (1), [Na(triglyme)(2)][Y(2)(TFA)(7)(THF)(2)] (2) and Na(2)Y(TFA)(5)(tetraglyme) (3) (TFA = trifluoroacetate), which were fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, TG-DTA data as well as single crystal X-ray structures, are advantageous in terms of being anhydrous and having lower decomposition temperatures in comparison to the homometallic precursor Y(TFA)(3)(H(2)O)(3). In addition, they also contain chelating glyme ligands, which act as capping reagents during decomposition to control the NaYF(4) particle size and render them monodisperse in organic solvents. On decomposition in 1-octadecene, the molecular derivatives 1 and 3 are converted, in the absence of any surfactant or capping reagent, to cubic NaYF(4) nanocrystals at significantly lower temperatures (below 250 °C). At higher temperature, a mixture of the cubic and hexagonal phases was obtained, the relative ratio of the two phases depending on the reaction temperature. A pure hexagonal phase, which is many folds more efficient for UC emission than the cubic phase, was obtained by calcining nanocrystals of mixed phase at 400 °C. In order to co-dope this host matrix with up-converting lanthanide cations, analogous complexes NaLn(TFA)(4)(diglyme) [Ln = Er (4), Tm (5), Yb (6)] and Na(2)Ln(TFA)(5)(tetraglyme) [Ln = Er (7), Yb (8)] were also prepared and characterized. The decomposition in 1-octadecene of suitable combinations and appropriate molar ratios of these yttrium, ytterbium and erbium/thulium derivatives gave cubic and/or hexagonal NaYF(4): Yb(3+), Er(3+)/Tm(3+) nanocrystals (NCs) capped by diglyme or tetraglyme ligands, which were characterized by IR, TG-DTA data, EDX analysis and TEM studies. Surface modification of these NCs by ligand exchange reactions with poly acrylic acid (PAA) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) diacid 600 was also carried out to render them water soluble. The THF solutions of suitable combinations of the diglyme derivatives were also used to elaborate the thin films of NaYF(4):Yb(3+), Er(3+)/Tm(3+) on a glass or Si wafer substrate by spin coating. The multicolour up-conversion fluorescence was successfully realized in the Yb(3+)/Er(3+) (green/red) and Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) (blue/violet) co-doped NaYF(4) nanoparticles and thin films, which demonstrates that they are promising UC nanophosphors of immense practical interest. The up-conversion excitation pathways for the Er(3+)/Yb(3+) and Tm(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped materials are discussed.     

Synthesis of hexagonal-phase core-shell NaYF4 nanocrystals with tunable upconversion fluorescence

Hexagonal-phase core-shell-structured NaYF 4:Yb,Tm@beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Er and beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Tm@beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Er@beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals were synthesized by a seeded growth approach. beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals with 20 nm diameter were used as seed crystals to induce the growth of beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Er and then beta-NaYF 4:Yb,Tm crystals, resulting in the formation of core-shell-structured nanocrystals with upconverting lanthanide ions Tm and Er doped in the core and shell, respectively.     

NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm上转换荧光纳米材料的合成、修饰及应用*

上转换荧光纳米材料NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm因具有独特的上转换发光性能,在固体激光器、三维立体演示、红外成像等很多方面都有着重要的应用。近年来,NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm上转换纳米颗粒作为荧光标记物用于生物标记引起了研究者的浓厚兴趣。合成出高质量、高荧光性能的NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm上转换纳米颗粒是使之能够在生物医学等领域广泛应用的前提条件。本文针对NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm上转换荧光纳米颗粒的合成方法、表面修饰以及生物应用等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Green upconversion nanocrystals for DNA detection

By combining magnetic-field-assisted bioseparation and concentration technology with magnetite nanoparticles, novel green upconversion (UC) fluorescence nanocrystals (NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+) have been applied to the sensitive detection of DNA.     

Phase- and size-controllable synthesis of hexagonal upconversion rare-earth fluoride nanocrystals through an oleic acid/ionic liquid two-phase system

Herein, we introduce a facile, user- and environmentally friendly (n-octanol-induced) oleic acid (OA)/ionic liquid (IL) two-phase system for the phase- and size-controllable synthesis of water-soluble hexagonal rare earth (RE = La, Gd, and Y) fluoride nanocrystals with uniform morphologies (mainly spheres and elongated particles) and small sizes (<50?nm). The unique role of the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BmimPF(6)) and n-octanol in modulating the phase structure and particle size are discussed in detail. More importantly, the mechanism of the (n-octanol-induced) OA/IL two-phase system, the formation of the RE fluoride nanocrystals, and the distinctive size- and morphology-controlling capacity of the system are presented. BmimPF(6) is versatile in term of crystal-phase manipulation, size and shape maintenance, and providing water solubility in a one-step reaction. The luminescent properties of Er(3+)-, Ho(3+)-, and Tm(3+)-doped LaF(3), NaGdF(4), and NaYF(4) nanocrystals were also studied. It is worth noting that the as-prepared products can be directly dispersed in water due to the hydrophilic property of Bmim(+) (cationic part of the IL) as a capping agent. This advantageous feature has made the IL-capped products favorable in facile surface modifications, such as the classic Stober method. Finally, the cytotoxicity evaluation of NaYF(4):Yb,Er nanocrystals before and after silica coating was conducted for further biological applications.     

Phase control of upconversion nanocrystals and new rare earth fluorides though a diffusion-controlled strategy in a hydrothermal system

Here we report a general hydrothermal technology to obtain well-known rare earth fluorides involving β-NaYF(4):Yb, Er/Tm and β-NaGdF(4):Yb, Er/Tm upconversion nanocrystals, one new polymorph of γ-REF(3) (RE = Eu-Tm, Y) and hexagonal LiREF(4) (RE = Nd-Lu, Y) colloidal nanocrystals.     

Facile patterning of upconversion NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles

Different kinds of highly ordered patterns of NaYF(4):Yb,Er nanoparticles on gold substrates were fabricated using a simple method combining micro-contact printing and "breath figures" techniques. Ordered arrays of water droplets were first formed in the hydrophilic regions of patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This was subsequently submerged in a chloroform solution of NaYF(4):Yb,Er nanoparticles. The particles were spontaneously assembled at the interface of chloroform/water droplet surface, leading to different kinds of uniform patterns after solvent evaporation. The structures of NaYF(4):Yb,Er particles patterns depended on the dimension of the substrate, the concentration of the NaYF(4):Yb,Er nanoparticles and the water condensation process.     

Controlled hydrothermal growth and up-conversion emission of NaLnF(4) (Ln = Y, Dy-Yb)

The controlled hydrothermal preparation of NaYF(4) as both cubic and hexagonal phase types with specific associated morphologies, nanospheres and microtubes, respectively, has been achieved in the absence of organic solvents. The hexagonal NaYF(4) compound can be prepared in novel microtubular form and directly co-doped with Yb(3+)/Er(3+) ions. When excited by infrared light of 980 nm, these hexagonal NaYF(4) microtubes display strong green up-conversion emission, which was much more intense than that of cubic NaYF(4) or hexagonal NaYF(4) nanoparticles. Other related hexagonal-prismatic microtubes of NaLnF(4) (Ln = Dy-Yb) were also synthesized. A growth mechanism for the microtubes is proposed. In general, the diameter of the hexagonal NaLnF(4) microtubes is strongly dependent on the Ln(3+) size and increases as the rare-earth ionic radius decreases.