[N^N^O]钴配合物催化丁二烯立体选择性聚合的研究

合成并表征了一系列带有[2-(4,5-二苯基-2-咪唑基)-1-苯亚胺基]苯酚配体([N^N^O]三齿配体)的二氯化钴配合物(1~4),并研究了这些配合物对丁二烯溶液聚合的催化性能.研究结果表明,助催化剂的种类对丁二烯聚合的催化活性和产物性能有显著的影响,倍半乙基氯化铝(EASC)为最佳的助催化剂.在EASC的活化作用下,该催化体系引发丁二烯单体聚合,15 min内丁二烯单体的转化率可达92.7%,产物聚丁二烯中顺式1,4-结构的含量高达97.4%.并详细研究了助催化剂的用量、聚合的温度、配体上不同取代基等对丁二烯聚合行为的影响,包括丁二烯单体的转化率、产物聚丁二烯的分子量与分子量分布及微观结构.通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对聚合产物的分子量及分子量分布进行了表征,核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13CNMR)分析结果表明所得聚合物具有高的顺式1,4-结构含量(97%左右).     

单茂钪催化剂（C5H5）Sc（CH2C6H4NMe2-o）2合成高顺式窄分布聚丁二烯

合成了6种单茂稀土催化剂Cp’LnR2(THF)n(其中,Cp’=C5H5,C5Me4SiMe3;R=CH2C6H4NMe2-o,CH2SiMe3;Ln=Sc,Y,Lu;n=0或1),并以[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]为助催化剂,甲苯为溶剂,考察催化剂结构对丁二烯聚合活性,立体选择性,催化剂利用率以及聚合物分子量和分子量分布的影响.通过1H-NMR,13C-NMR,FTIR,GPC以及DSC对聚丁二烯进行表征,结果表明,当Cp’=C5H5,R=CH2C6H4NMe2-o,Ln=Sc,n=0时,催化剂(C5H5)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2对丁二烯聚合活性最高,可达9600 kg-polymer/mol-Sc·h,催化剂利用率为45%,聚丁二烯顺-1,4结构含量在96%~98%之间,分子量分布窄,指数在1.3左右;以甲苯或氯苯作为聚合溶剂时,聚合活性最高,聚丁二烯分子量保持窄分布,在所有溶剂中聚丁二烯顺-1,4结构含量均达到96%以上;催化剂聚合活性随温度下降而降低,而聚合物分子量分布有变窄的趋势,温度对聚丁二烯立体选择性无明显影响;当[Bd]/[Sc]摩尔比从500增加到3000时,聚合反应1 min转化率均达到100%,聚丁二烯分子量呈可控线性增大,最高达44.6×104,且均保持聚合物窄分布.DSC谱图表明聚丁二烯Tg为-107℃,当升降温速率为10 K/min时,在-63℃和-8℃附近呈现出明显的冷结晶峰和熔融峰.     

过程控制对反应挤出苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物微观结构的影响

在有机锂引发体系下,以双螺杆挤出机为反应器,苯乙烯(St)、丁二烯(Bd)混和物作为单体,四氢呋喃(THF)为极性调节剂,本体法一步合成了苯乙烯/丁二烯(S/B)共聚物.采用过氧化氢在四氧化锇作用下对聚合物分子链中Bd双键进行了深度氧化降解,通过精制除去降解的低分子产物.利用18角度小角激光光散射仪联用GPC对降解前后的样品进行分析.结果表明与通常规律相左,THF的加入使共聚物的分子量分布加宽,同时使降解后的聚苯乙烯(PS)第一嵌段分子量降低.由1H-NMR谱图计算得知,THF使1,2-聚丁二烯(PBd)比例明显增加,但THF/引发剂摩尔比值超过一定量后,1,2-PBd含量增加趋势减缓.TEM分析结果表明THF的加入导致PBd相尺寸变小而且分布趋向均匀,再次表现出过程控制分子结构的特色.     

新型X光显影含糖聚合物的合成与表征

用自由基本体聚合方法合成了一种新型的X光显影含糖三元共聚物P(2-IEMA-AcGEMA-MMA). 探讨了单体配比和链转移剂用量对聚合物分子量及其分布的影响, 并用FTIR, 1H NMR和GPC对其结构进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 改变单体配比对聚合物的分子量几乎不产生影响, 但减少链转移剂用量时, 可明显增加三元共聚物的分子量. 聚合物分子量分布一般在2~3之间, 符合自由基聚合产物分子量分布的一般规律. 聚合物具有良好的显影性, 显影效果随着样品厚度的增加而增强.     

聚γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的合成与表征

采用双金属氰化络合物催化剂(DMC)催化γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)开环聚合,合成出结构规整的均聚产物PKH560.通过FTIR2、9Si-NMR1、H-NMR对聚合物的结构进行表征.结果表明,以DMC为催化剂,可以实现KH560的开环聚合,合成出分子量较大的目标产物PKH560.凝胶渗透色谱与多角度激光联用仪(GPC/MALLS)测得该聚合物PKH560的数均分子量大于1×104,分子量分布介于1.10与1.35之间;分析不同聚合时间PKH560的数均分子量与单体转化率之间的关系可知,聚合物的数均分子量Mn与单体转化率呈线性增长关系,聚合物的分子量分布较窄(Mw/Mn=1.10~1.35),表明该聚合反应具有活性聚合的特征.     

超声辐照原位乳液聚合制备P(BA-MMA-AA)/TiO_2纳米复合乳液的研究

通过超声辐照原位乳液聚合制备了稳定的丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物[P(BA-MMA-AA)/TiO2]纳米复合乳液.系统研究了乳化剂浓度,单体及TiO2用量对超声辐照原位乳液聚合反应的影响.结果表明,随乳化剂浓度增加、单体及TiO2用量的减少,聚合反应速率增高.TEM、SEM和FTIR证实了P(BA-MMA-AA)包覆在纳米TiO2表面,并与TiO2粒子有较强相互作用.用DSC、GPC和1H-NMR表征共聚产物,发现随TiO2加入,共聚物分子量降低,共聚链段中BA单元比例增加,导致聚合物玻璃化转变温度降低.     

端羟基聚丁二烯和端羟基SBS遥爪聚合物的合成及表征

研究了一种以非极性烃为溶剂,α-甲基萘锂复合物为基体的双锂催化剂LM-T作为引发剂,在环已烷中使丁二烯或丁二烯/苯乙烯进行双活性阴离子聚合,用精制的环氧丙烷终止,合成了双端羟聚丁二烯(HTPB)和双端羟SBS(HTSBS)两种遥爪聚合物。研究结果表明,聚合物分子量和羟基含量可由催化剂用量调整,官能度达到或接近2。分子量分布由GPC测定,宽度指数D=1.4左右。聚合物微观结构通过IR和H-HMR测定,1.4-聚丁二烯含量达到75%左右。因此,HTPB和HTSBS是两种1.4含量较高、分子量分布较窄的离子型遥爪聚合物。     

ATRP法合成二十元、二十八元线形环化聚合物

采用以甲苯为聚合介质的ATRP聚合体系,以双甲基丙烯酸二醇酯为单体,合成了具有二十和二十八元环的线形环化聚合物,聚合物具有窄分子量分布.聚合动力学显示随着链长的增加,环化反应速率变慢.根据聚合物的1H-NMR谱图、由1H-NMR端基分析得到聚合度DPNMR、以及GPC图谱结果,证实获得了线形环化聚合物.TGA测试结果表明2种聚合物的起始分解温度均大于372℃,具有比PMMA更好的热稳定性.     

脉冲激光引发自由基聚合的动力学研究

处理了无链转移时脉冲激光引发自由基聚合中的动力学问题:推导出聚合产物数均和重均分子量的严格数学表达式,给出了链自由基、死聚物及总的聚合产物的归一化的分子量分布函数,计算结果表明:随着单体转化率的上升,各种分子参数,例如数均和重均分子量,以及多分散指数的数值周期性地振荡,且振幅逐渐下降,分子量分布曲线则包含一些特征峰,且随着每次脉冲激光产生的初级自由基浓度的降低,分布曲线峰的数目增加,另外,与歧化终止相比,偶合终止使产物的分子量分布略为变窄.     

PSt-TMI合成及其共聚动力学研究

以BP0为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,采用溶液聚合法合成了低3-异丙烯基一α,α’-二甲基苄基-异氰酸酯(TMI)含量的PSt-TMI共聚物(wTMI-O．03～O．11),确定了FTIR方法测定共聚物中TMI含量的方法,并对反应动力学与共聚物组成进行了研究。结果表明：总体反应速率与单体浓度成正比,与引发剂浓度O．5次方成正比,80℃下反应时还存在热引发,终止方式为双基终止;反应总体活化能随单体配比中TMI分率增大而升高。引发剂浓度增大则产物分子量减小,分子量分布不变。随反应转化率提高分子量分布指数增大、产物中TMI含量略有下降。GPC串联紫外分析表明,产物中高分子量部分TMI含量高于低分子量部分中TMI含量。     

In situ monitoring of coordination copolymerization of butadiene and isoprene via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

<正>FTIR spectroscopy in combination with a diamond tipped attenuated total reflectance(ATR) immersion probe was utilized to study in situ the copolymerization of butadiene(Bd) and isoprene(Ip) with neodymium-based catalyst in hexane. The relationship between the signal intensity of monomer and its concentration was investigated.The kinetic study of copolymerization of Bd and Ip was further conducted,and the monomer reactivity ratios were determined via in situ ATR FTIR.The signal band at 1010 cm~(-1) was assigned to wagging vibration of Bd and its intensity was proportional to Bd concentration([Bd]) in the range of 0.46-3.88 mol·L~(-1).The signal bands at 890 and 989 cm~(-1) were assigned to wagging vibration of Ip and the signal intensity was also proportional to Ip concentration([Ip]) in the range of 0.08-4.73 mol·L~(-1) at 890 cm~(-1) and 0.08-7.49 mol·L~(-1) at 989 cm~(-1),respectively.Thus the signal band at 1010 cm~(-1) was chosen to monitor Bd concentration and bands at 989 and 890 cm~(-1) to monitor Ip concentration during the copolymerization,respectively.It was demonstrated that the conversions of Bd and Ip calculated from FTIR data agreed very well with those obtained gravimetrically.The polymerization rates were first order with respect to both[Bd]and[Ip],respectively at different polymerization temperatures.The apparent propagation activation energy for Bd and Ip could be determined to be 54.4 kJ·mol~(-1) and 57.7 kJ·mol~(-1),respectively.The monomer reactivity ratios were calculated to be 1.08 for Bd(r_(Bd)) and 0.48 for IP(r_(Ip)) based on FTIR data.The Bd-Ip copolymer products with random sequence could be obtained with only one glass transition temperature.     

Polymerization of butadiene with the NiCl2‐methylaluminoxane catalyst

The polymerization of butadiene (Bd) with the soluble and insoluble parts of the NiCl₂‐methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst was investigated. Both parts initiate the polymerization of Bd to give a high molecular weight polymer consisting of mainly cis‐1,4‐structure. The activity of the soluble part for the polymerization is higher than that of the insoluble part. We presume that NiCl₂ reacts with MAO to give a soluble alkyl‐nickel complex that shows high activity for the polymerization of Bd.     

Copolymerization of butadiene and styrene with neodymium naphthenate based catalyst

Copolymerization of butadiene (Bd) and styrene (St) was carried out in toluene at 50 °C by a conventional rare earth catalytic system, Nd(naph)₃-Al(i-Bu)₃-Al(i-Bu)₂Cl. It exhibited a high catalytic activity and high stereospecificity in the copolymerization. The influences of the conditions in polymerization on the yield, composition, microstructure and molecular weight of copolymer were thoroughly studied. According to the 13C-NMR spectrum, the resultant copolymer containing 18% St units, and the diad fraction of St-trans Bd or St-vinyl Bd can hardly be found in its 13C-NMR. The cis-1,4 content of Bd unit of the copolymer decreased little with the increase of St content. The GPC curves indicate the presence of two kinds of active sites in the polymerization.     

Stereospecific and molecular weight‐controlled polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with Co(acac)3‐MAO catalyst

The polymerization of butadiene (Bd) with Co(acac)₃ in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO) was investigated. The polymerization of Bd with Co(acac)₃‐MAO catalysts proceeded to give cis‐1,4 polymers (94 – 97%) bearing high molecular weights (40 × 10⁴) with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (M_w's/M_n's). The molecular weight of the polymers increased linearly with the polymer yield, and the line passed through an original point. The polydispersities of the polymers kept almost constant during reaction time. This indicates that the microstructure and molecular weight of the polymers can be controlled in the polymerization of Bd with the Co(acac)₃‐MAO catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, Bd concentration, and the MAO/Co molar ratio on the cis‐1,4 microstructure and high molecular weight polymer in the polymerization of Bd with Co(acac)₃‐MAO catalyst were observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2793–2798, 2001     

Effect of an alkyl substituted in salen ligands on 1,4‐Cis selectivity and molecular weight control in the polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with (salen)Co(II) complexes in combination with methylaluminoxane

The effect of an alkyl substituted in the aromatic ring of the salen ligand on the polymerization of butadiene (Bd) with (salen)Co(II) complexes in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO) was investigated. The activity for the polymerization of Bd was influenced significantly by the introduction of alkyl groups at the 3,3′,5,5′‐positions in the aromatic ring of the salen ligand, and both the polymerization rate and 1,4‐cis contents increased in the following order with respect to the alkyl group: H < CH₃ < t‐C₄H₉. This is in good agreement with the bulkiness of the alkyl groups. The activity for the polymerization of the (salen)Co(II) complex possessing t‐C₄H₉ at the 3,3′‐positions was higher than that of the (salen)Co(II) bearing t‐C₄H₉ at the 5,5′‐positions. Thus, the introduction of bulky substituents at the 3,3′‐positions of the salen ligand was an important factor in achieving both high activity and high 1,4‐cis selectivity in the polymerization of Bd with (salen)Co(II) complexes in combination with MAO. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4088–4094, 2006     

丁二烯气相聚合的负载型稀土催化剂研究

合成了负载型稀土催化剂,并将其用于丁二烯气相聚合.研究表明,硅胶负载Nd(naph)₃-Al(i-Bu)₃-Al(i-Bu)₂Cl催化体系具有相当高的催化活性和立体定向性,其最佳组成:n(Al)/n(Nd)=40～60,n(Cl)/n(Nd)=3～7.添加适量单体丁二烯或异戊二烯,尤其是添加丁二烯,可成倍提高催化活性,随着聚合反应的进行,其速率在10min内迅速增加并达到峰值,随后降低,动力学行为属衰减型.所得聚丁二烯的分子量在几十万至百万,凝胶含量小于6%,顺-1,4结构含量达到98%左右.     

磺化聚苯乙烯／聚吡咯复合膜

磺化聚苯乙烯（ＳＰＳ）／聚吡咯（ＰＰｙ）复合膜是通过毗咯单体在ＳＰＳ基体中原位聚合方法制成的．用ＦＴＩＲ研究ＳＰＳ／ＰＰｙ复合膜分子间的相互作用，特别是ＳＰＳ中ＳＯ３阴离子在１２００ｃｍ－１不对称伸缩振动港带的分裂，说明了聚吡咯是以阳离子的形式作用于ＳＰＳ中ＳＯ３阴离子上，产生强的离子－离子相互作用．同时还研究了在复合过程中，引起ＳＰＳ基体的微区结构与性能的变化．ＳＰＳ由于吡咯单体的胀入和聚合，导致了ＳＰＳ微相分离，复合膜在动态力学性能测试中出现了两个Ｔｇ转变，分别在１２４和１４５℃．     

C_(60)/C_(70)及其衍生物(C_(60)Cl_n/C_(70)Cl_n)在丁二烯阴离子聚合中的偶联作用

Fullerene(富勒烯)独特的结构和性质吸引了高分子界广泛的关注.迄今,已通过和自由基共聚[1]、活性自由基聚合[2]、阳离子聚合[3]、阴离子聚合[4～8]以及配位聚合[9～13]等诸多方法相结合制备出了种类繁多的富勒烯高分子衍生物.不仅如此,富勒烯家族的重要分支--富勒烯卤化物,其独特的分子结构和具有的新性质也甚引起人们的重视[14,15].     

BF_3·OEt_2对钼体系催化合成1,2-聚丁二烯的影响

在以加氢汽油为溶剂,MoCl_3(C_7H_(15)COO)_2(Mo)为主催化剂,(i-Bu)_2AlO〈O〉(Al)为助催化剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯的二元催化体系中,添加BF_3CH3·OEt_2等,对体系的催化活性影响显著。以的混合物为第三组份加入催化体系,较大幅度提高了钼系催化体系的活性。在Mo/Bd=8.0×10~(-5)(摩尔比),聚合5小时,丁二烯转化率可达到70％。初步搞清了钼催化体系合成的1,2-聚丁二烯中产生凝胶的条件,推测了凝胶的生成原因,考察了聚合条件对催化活性、分子量及微观结构含量的影响。     

负载钛系催化剂催化合成高反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物

采用负载钛系催化剂 [TiCl4 MgCl2 (i Bu) 3Al]催化丁二烯 (Bd) 异戊二烯 (Ip)共聚合 ,研究了单体配比、聚合温度、烷基铝浓度和催化剂浓度及单体浓度等对共聚合速率及共聚物特性粘数的影响 .结果表明 ,当单体配比中Bd (Bd +Ip)摩尔百分比≤ 2 0 % ,可制得高分子量的共聚物 .IR光谱分析及1 H NMR分析表明所得共聚物为高反式 1,4 结构 ,丁二烯单体单元的反式 1,4 含量大于 90 % ,异戊二烯单体单元的反式 1,4 含量大于 98% ,共聚物中丁二烯含量高于单体初始配比中的含量 .在一定的载钛量下 ,聚合条件对共聚物的微观结构影响不大