负折射率介质光纤的导模异常特性分析

对芯层为负折射率介质,敷层为普通介质的光纤的导模进行了研究,并对芯层与敷层介电常数比值（ξ）和磁导率比值（η）变化对导模色散特征的影响进行分析.分析表明负折射率光纤具有许多不同于常规光纤的反常特征,如存在表面波模,存在TM00模和TE00模以及存在多个单模传输模式和单模传输区间等.同时对负折射率介质光纤的单模传输条件进行了分析,发现单模传输模式和传输区间随ξ和η的不同而改变.     

介质/金属结构太赫兹空芯光纤的传输特性

理论分析了金属、介质/金属结构空芯光纤在THz波段的模式结构和传输特性.金属空芯光纤支持TE11模式,介质/金属空芯光纤的介质膜厚在取最优值时支持HE11模式.对于波长为200μm的太赫兹波,内径为1 mm的两种空芯光纤,TE11和HE11模式的损耗分别为8.4 dB/m和2 dB/m.为优化介质/金属结构宅芯光纤的传输性能,分析了金属和介质材料的光学常数对衰减系数的影响.基于几种已发表的金属在太赫兹波段的光学常数,计算结果表明铝是最好的选择;初步测量结果显示,在各种树脂材料中聚乙烯在THz波段吸收较小,并且其折射率接近介质膜的最优值1.41,为太赫兹波空芯光纤中介质膜材料的理想选择.     

Light Scattering by Anthophyllite-Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers. Part I: The domain of convergence of the EBCM theory

The Extended Boundary Condition Method (EBCM), also known as the T-matrix method, is used to compute exactly the scattered intensities from homogeneous isotropic circular cylinders characterized by relative refractive index N, diameter D and length L. The domain of convergence of the method regarding the parameters N, D, L is established. The effect of the geometry of the fiber ends on the scattered intensities is considered. The incident field is assumed to be a linearly polarized plane harmonic wave.     

Investigation on an evanescent wave fiber-optic absorption sensor based on fiber loop cavity ring-down spectroscopy

An improved ring-down measurement principle for optical waveguides is presented. Fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy allows for measurement of minute optical losses in high-finesse fiber-optic cavities and immunity to the fluctuation of laser source. The evanescent wave absorption losses dependent on the absorption and the refractive index of ambient solution have been theoretically analyzed. The complex refractive index is introduced into our model and extinction coefficient can be calculated accurately through finite element analysis by setting the boundaries of the fiber and the ambient conditions. Using this method, the refractive index of environment can be taken into consideration. Our principle is validated by the highly-sensitive measurement of evanescent wave absorption loss. By chemically processing the surface of sensing segment along an extending ring-down cavity, the concentration of small volume Diethyl Sulphoxide solution where the etched fiber immersed into has been successfully measured and discussed.     

On the refractive index for a nonmagnetic two-component medium: Resolution of a controversy

The refractive index of a dielectric medium comprising both passive and inverted components in its permittivity was determined using two methods: (i) in the time-domain, a finite-difference algorithm to compute the frequency-domain reflectance from reflection data for a pulsed plane wave that is normally incident on a dielectric half-space and (ii) in the frequency-domain, the deflection of an obliquely incident Gaussian beam on transmission through a dielectric slab. The dielectric medium was found to be an active medium with a negative real part for its refractive index. Thereby, a recent controversy in the scientific literature was resolved.     

应用于低折射率样品检测的SERS活性液芯光纤

用纳米组装方法在空心光纤内壁修饰SERS活性基底构成内壁具有表面增强拉曼光谱活性层的液芯光纤。激发光由光纤壁横截面入射,并在光纤壁中传播。由于光纤壁的折射率大于检测样品溶液的折射率,使得激发光在光纤壁中发生全反射,并在消逝场下穿透修饰层,激发样品拉曼散射。本方法融合了表面增强拉曼光谱技术与液芯光纤技术的优势,可成为应用于低折射样品溶液体系检测的又一手段。     

Radiation reflection from an optical inhomogeneity moving in a right- and left-handed medium

The parametric Doppler effect in a medium whose dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability become negative in some spectral range is analyzed with respect to uniform plane waves. The regime in which the medium is right-handed (the refractive index is positive) for incident radiation and left-handed (the refractive index is negative) for reflected wave is demonstrated. The possibility of the occurrence of additional branches in the dispersion dependences is demonstrated.     

吸收介质膜/金属空芯光纤的太赫兹波传输特性

介质/金属结构空芯光纤是一种有发展前景的太赫兹波传输媒质.介质膜在有效增加内面反射率从而降低传输损耗的同时,其材料吸收会引起附加损耗.讨论了介质材料吸收对太赫兹空芯光纤结构参数的影响.计算结果表明,相比于无吸收的理想介质,吸收介质的最优膜厚变小.最优折射率变大.综合考虑了光纤内直径、介质膜折射率和传输波长等因素,分析了介质膜的材料吸收容限.分析结果表明,吸收容限随光纤内直径减小或传输波长增大而减小.当光纤内直径很小或传输波长很大时,吸收容限可能不存在.分析结果对介质/金属太赫兹空芯光纤的设计和材料选择具有重要参考价值.     

纤维复合媒质中的超声衰减

为了精确估计纤维复合煤质中散射所引起的超声衰减，必须计及纤维之间的多次散射现象本文提出了纤维复合煤质中任一点有效入射声场的计算方法当超声纵波传播方向与纤维轴线相垂直时，散射横波并不影响有效入射声场；导出了考虑多次散射后超声衰减系数的表达式；数值计算了玻璃／金属铝复合媒质中纵波衰减系数随频率的变化关系 关键词：     

Magnetic line source diffraction by a conductive half-plane in an anisotropic plasma

An integral theory that is associated with the scattered fields is considered for the solution of H-polarized line source diffraction by a conductive half-plane, which is surrounded by an anisotropic plasma. As the anisotropy does not affect an E-polarized incident wave, only one polarization case is considered. The cold plasma medium is characterized by the dielectric tensor. The constant external magnetic field producing the anisotropy in a cold plasma is applied parallel to the edge of the half-plane. The total, scattered, and diffracted waves are derived in terms of the Fresnel functions. Therefore, finite magnitude values at the transition boundaries are obtained. The wave behaviours are investigated numerically for different quantities of the medium.     

The influence of boundary layer on sound propagation in optical fibers

Physical models of two-layered and three-layered fiber were built. These models were used to calculate acoustic properties of optical fibers. Acoustic properties of fibers with boundary layer and without boundary layer calculated from these model were compared. The propagation of acoustic cylindrical symmetric waves in optical fibers was considered. This problem was treated analytically and numerically in continual approximation. The possibility of simultaneous propagation of two cylindrical symmetric waves in optical fibers with a boundary layer was shown (in a three-layered model). The physical phenomenon of the presence of two waves in the fiber with boundary layer is proposed for study of the boundary layer. Formulas for the calculation of the properties of the boundary layer from the acoustic experiment, verified by numerical calculations, are represented.     

Resonant tunneling of a wave through a structure that contains a layer with a negative refractive index

We have investigated the transmission ability of a layered structure the central layer of which is made of a “left-handed” material (its refractive index is negative) and is separated by two air slabs from a “right-handed” dielectric medium that surrounds the structure. We consider tunneling of energy fluxes through the structure and determine conditions for the complete (reflectionless) transmission of the power of the incident wave through it. We show that this effect is resonant and is observed when the tangential component of the wave vector of the incident wave coincides with the longitudinal wave vector of one of waveguiding eigenmodes of the left-handed layer.     

Design of multiplexed fiber optic chemical sensing system using clad-removable optical fibers

To prevent possible threats to public safety and economic loss from chemical leakage accidents, novel chemical sensing techniques for regular monitoring and leakage detection have been developed for various fields. We propose a fiber optic liquid chemical sensor (FOCS) system using specialty optical fibers and an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), and is based on the leaky wave mode sensing principle. OTDR enables simple multiplexing where individual sensor nodes along the fiber length could be interrogated by a common OTDR. The sensor node in the optical fiber is prepared by removing the desired length of a protective layer using mechanical stripping and chemical etching techniques. A novel laser stripping technique with superior capability to fabricate quasi-distributed dense sensor nodes is devised as well. The FOCS system is further analyzed to characterize the sensor response behavior in relation to the sensor node length and possible environmental and chemical temperature effect. Under the condition satisfying the leaky wave mode principle and within the minimum acceptable refractive index (RI) range by the system, this FOCS system could monitor numerous liquid chemicals with variable refractive indices and has been tested with positive results. In addition, the system shows the possibility for multi-point detection and is further expanded into a hybrid technique capable of estimating the refractive index range of the detected chemical.     

Growth Modeling of Fiber Gratings: A Numerical Investigation

We have developed a simple method to analyze the growth process of fiber gratings (FGs) in the core of photorefractive optical fibers. It is based on the exponential saturation model and it takes into account the type of photosensitive fiber used, the exposure times, and the incident optical power. The photorefractive fiber has been characterized by two parameters: the saturation photoinduced refractive index change and the saturation energy, which can be obtained experimentally. We carry out a numerical investigation for the growth process of a uniform FG. The experimentally observed phenomena of shifting the Bragg optical frequency with exposure times and the appearance of higher-order Bragg resonances are predicted and discussed.     

Growth Modeling of Fiber Gratings: A Numerical Investigation

We have developed a simple method to analyze the growth process of fiber gratings (FGs) in the core of photorefractive optical fibers. It is based on the exponential saturation model and it takes into account the type of photosensitive fiber used, the exposure times, and the incident optical power. The photorefractive fiber has been characterized by two parameters: the saturation photoinduced refractive index change and the saturation energy, which can be obtained experimentally. We carry out a numerical investigation for the growth process of a uniform FG. The experimentally observed phenomena of shifting the Bragg optical frequency with exposure times and the appearance of higher-order Bragg resonances are predicted and discussed.     

Direction and frequency filter basing on an ultra-compact structure consisting of dielectric films

The transmission properties of a two-period structure consisting of dielectric layers and air layers are studied by numeric methods. On the condition of total reflection from dielectric to air layer, the coupling of the evanescent waves in air layers and propagation waves in dielectric layers forms some special transmission bands. Given proper structure parameters, one incident direction only allows one transmission frequency; on the other hand, one transmission frequency only allows one incident direction. This structure can simultaneously achieve frequency filtering and direction filtering.     

基于蜷曲空间结构的近零折射率声聚焦透镜

研究基于蜷曲空间结构的近零折射率声聚焦透镜.根据近零折射率材料的声波方向选择机理,采用蜷曲空间结构为基本单元进行排列,设计具有特定入射与出射界面的几何结构,对透射声波的出射方向进行调控,实现了平面声波与柱面声波的聚焦效应,并深入讨论了透镜内部刚性散射体对声聚焦性能的影响.在此基础上,改变近零折射率透镜的出射界面,可以精确调控声波阵面的形状与方向.该类型透镜具有单一的单元结构、高聚焦性能及高鲁棒性等优点.研究结果为设计新型近零折射率声聚焦透镜提供了理论指导与实验参考,同时也为研究声波阵面的调控提供了新思路.     

Focusing of waves in an anisotropic plane-layered medium

The problem of propagation of electromagnetic waves in an inhomogeneous uniaxial anisotropic medium is discussed. Analytic solutions of Maxwell's equations are found for two particular cases of a plane-layered dielectric. The effect of different parameters of an inhomogeneous distribution of refractive indices on the propagation characteristics of wave beams is analyzed. The corrections of the first approximation of perturbation theory to the propagation constants of natural waves are obtained for a plane-layered focusing medium of general type. This has permitted solving the problem of a distribution of the refractive index which provides for optimal focusing.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 21, No. 12, pp. 1812–1821, December, 1978.In conclusion, the author expresses his gratitude to I. V. Ivanov and N. A. Morozov for their attention to this paper.     

利用超格子模型对布拉格光纤的研究

为了研究布拉格光纤的模式特征和传输特性,提出了超格子模型,利用傅里叶级数表示光纤横向折射率分布,利用平面波展开法分析布拉格光纤的能带结构,基于厄米-主斯函数的局域正交函数展开法,从全矢量耦合波动方程出发,得到关于模式传播常量和电场展开系数的本征方程,从而分析布拉格光纤的模式特征。以高折射率芯布拉格光纤为例,实现了该算法,得到基模与二次模的横向电场分布、基模色散曲线和模式双折射。基模的模式双折射可用于衡量算法的精度,结果表明该算法精度较高。超格子模型不仅可以用于研究高折射率芯布拉格光纤,而且同样可以研究低折射率区域导光的布拉格光纤。     

Propagation characteristics of nonlinear optical fibers with complex refractive index. A transmission line model approach

The transmission line model has been modified in order to evaluate nonlinear waves guided by optical fibers with complex refractive index. It is proven that the proposed model is able to tackle fibers with losses or gain, under the presence of arbitrary nonlinearity. The method is applied for the calculation of weakly guided lossy nonlinear optical fibers considering various configurations and Kerr nonlinearity. Power depended propagation characteristics have been calculated and plotted for the fundamental mode and the potential use of the method in optical fiber amplifiers with index nonlinearity is also discussed.