Radiation reflection from an optical inhomogeneity moving in a right- and left-handed medium

The parametric Doppler effect in a medium whose dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability become negative in some spectral range is analyzed with respect to uniform plane waves. The regime in which the medium is right-handed (the refractive index is positive) for incident radiation and left-handed (the refractive index is negative) for reflected wave is demonstrated. The possibility of the occurrence of additional branches in the dispersion dependences is demonstrated.     

Wave propagation through a dielectric layer containing densely packed fibers

This paper presents the theoretical formulation for the propagation of electromagnetic wave through a dielectric layer containing a random dense distribution of fibers. The diameter of the fibers is comparable to the inter-fiber spacing and wavelength of the incident radiation, but is much smaller than the thickness of the layer. Discontinuity of refractive index across the boundaries of the dielectric layer resulted in multiple internal reflection of both the primary source wave and the scattered waves. As a result the incident waves on the fibers consist of the multiply-reflected primary waves, scattered waves from other fibers, and scattered-reflected waves from the boundaries. The effective propagation constant of the dielectric fiber layer was developed by utilizing the Effective field-Quasicrystalline approximation. The influence of the refractive index of the dielectric medium on the radiative properties of a dense fiber layer was examined by means of numerical analyses.     

Resonant tunneling of a wave through a structure that contains a layer with a negative refractive index

We have investigated the transmission ability of a layered structure the central layer of which is made of a “left-handed” material (its refractive index is negative) and is separated by two air slabs from a “right-handed” dielectric medium that surrounds the structure. We consider tunneling of energy fluxes through the structure and determine conditions for the complete (reflectionless) transmission of the power of the incident wave through it. We show that this effect is resonant and is observed when the tangential component of the wave vector of the incident wave coincides with the longitudinal wave vector of one of waveguiding eigenmodes of the left-handed layer.     

Transformation of a Gaussian light beam reflected in the vicinity of the Brewster angle

Variations in the profile and shift of a Gaussian light beam upon reflection from a plane interface between a transparent dielectric and a medium with a complex refractive index are studied. The beam is assumed to be incident at angles close to the Brewster’s angle, where the effects of transformation of the beam profile are most substantial. Based on numerical analysis, the reflected beam profiles are obtained for different properties of the media, parameters of the incident beam, and positions of the plane of observation.     

非线性Bragg微腔的双稳态研究

研究了一维Bragg微腔中的光学增强效应,并对F-P腔中Kerr介质的双稳态特性进行了理论分析,并得到相应的数学表达式.研究表明,对聚焦型Kerr介质（χ(3)>0）,要产生双稳态特性必须给入射光波预置一定的红移量,若是散焦型介质（χ(3)<0）则要预置一定的蓝移量.红移量（或蓝移量）的临界值与光子晶体的介质折射率、周期数、F-P腔长度、缺陷模的线宽（FWHM）等因素密切相关,它随介质折射率比、周期数、F-P腔长的增大而减小,随缺陷模的线形变窄而降低.要有效地降低非线性介质的双稳态开关阈值,除了尽可能选择较小的合适红移（或蓝移）量外,还要选择｜χ(3)｜较大的Kerr介质以增强腔内的非线性光学效应.     

Particle nature of light waves in dielectric media

Wave-particle duality is a foundation for modern science. The speed of light waves in dielectric media is less than c. The corresponding particles thus have mass. Combining wave-particle duality with the theory of relativity, an exactly solvable problem was proposed, concerning the transition from photons in vacuum to particles in dielectric media. The rest mass, the momentum, and the total energy of material particles are shown to be the functions of the refractive index of the medium and the wavelength of the incident light. The proposed relationships were applied to study the wavelength-dependent index of refraction of dielectrics and the correlation of the refractive indices of anisotropic crystals, which were confirmed by the experimental results. Variation of the refractive index with wavelength is found to obey the proposed relation. The refractive indices of anisotropic crystals are shown to be the correlated quantities.     

用特征矩阵法研究一维激光全息光子晶体的禁带特性

介质中传播方向相反的2束激光干涉可形成具有一维周期结构的体积全息图,而这种全息图可以看作一维光子晶体,称为一维激光全息图光子晶体,用特征矩阵法研究了一维激光全息图光子晶体的透射谱中的禁带随入射角、记录波长、介质折射率、折射率调制度的变化规律。结果表明：当入射角变大,激光波长、介质折射率及介质折射率调制度变小时, 禁带的位置向短波方向移动, 禁带宽度减小。     

基于TF/SF方法的三维复合目标电磁散射FDFD研究

分析三维频域有限差分(FDFD)中通过总场-散射场(TF/SF)边界引入入射波的方法.基于等效原理,在TF/SF边界处设置等效面电磁流,将入射波引入总场区.根据边界附近节点的位置特点,将方程式中的相关节点加入或扣除入射波的相应分量修正FDFD方程式,使得方程式中的各节点满足同为总场或同为散射场的条件.算例结果验证了该方法的正确性.利用FDFD方法计算涂敷吸波材料的复合von Karman型弹头和某导弹模型的双站RCS(radar cross section),数值结果说明该方法是分析复合目标电磁散射问题的一种有效方法.     

Dielectric supported ring-shaped metal disks on a metal film for ultrasensitive refractive index sensing

We experimentally report a magnetic plasmonic metamaterial, which is constructed with a metal ring-shaped disk array supported by a dielectric layer on a metal film for high sensitive refractive index sensing. An ultrasensitive refractive index sensitivity of about 1842?nm per refractive index unit is achieved through the reflection spectrum measurement. We attribute the high sensitivity to greatly enhanced electric field intensity and its large spatial overlapping with the surrounding medium to sense. The present plasmonic structure provides an effective way for high sensitive chip-based biochemical sensors and integrated devices.     

Photonic Jet by a Near‐Unity‐Refractive‐Index Sphere on a Dielectric Substrate with High Index Contrast

Photonic jets are normally generated in transmission mode and are represented as a spatially localized high‐intensity region on the shadow side of a particle‐lens, with a background to medium refractive index contrast of 1.3–1.7 while illuminated by a plane wave. Here, a photonic jet is discovered in the opposing plane wave propagation direction and lies in the area in the upper boundary of a near‐unity refractive index sphere on a high refractive index dielectric substrate. The redistribution of the power flow is inhibited during the reflected wave passing the near‐unity refractive index sphere. This has led to a unique effect on the focus position and shape of the produced photonic jet in reflection mode which can be maximally maintained near the sphere regardless of the modulation of the refractive index for the dielectric substrate material.     

工字形太赫兹超材料吸波体的传感特性研究

利用超材料吸波体对材料参数的电磁响应, 可将其应用于传感. 本文设计了一种工字形单元结构的超材料吸波体, 基于频域算法对其在太赫兹频段的传感特性进行数值模拟, 研究了待测样品折射率、厚度及电介质隔层厚度对超材料吸波体传感器的频率灵敏度、振幅灵敏度及品质因数的影响. 研究结果表明:当待测样品厚度为40 μm时, 折射率频率灵敏度可达到153.17 GHz/RIU, 折射率振幅灵敏度可达到41.37%/RIU; 待测样品折射率一定时, 厚度频率灵敏度随其厚度的增大而线性减小; 随着待测样品厚度的增加, RFOM呈增大趋势, 但增大幅度在逐渐减小; TFOM随待测样品厚度的增加而减小.     

A study on optical absorption and constants of doped poly(ethylene oxide)

Thin films of polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) doped with sodium iodide (NaI) were prepared using the solution cast method. The films obtained have average thickness of 70 μm and different NaI concentrations. Absorption and reflectance spectra of UV-radiation were studied in the wavelength range 300-800 nm. The optical results were analyzed in terms of absorption formula for non-crystalline materials.The optical energy gap and the basic optical constants, refractive index, and dielectric constants of the prepared films have been investigated and showed a clear dependence on the NaI concentration. The interpreted absorption mechanism is a direct electron transition.The observed optical energy gap for neat poly(ethylene oxide) is about 2.6 eV, and decreases to a value 2.36 eV for the film of 15 wt% NaI content. It was found that the calculated refractive index and the dielectric constants of the polymer electrolyte thin films increase with NaI content. Models were used to describe the dependences of the dielectric constant on the NaI concentration, and the refractive index on the incident photon energy.     

Characteristics of photonic nanojets from two-layer dielectric hemisphere

The properties of the photonic nanojet generated by a two-layer dielectric microsphere are studied. Simulation results indicate that this novel structure can generate a photonic nanojet outside its volume when the refractive index contrast relative to the background medium is higher than 2:1 in the condition of plane wave incidence. When the refractive index is smaller than 2, we show that an ultralong nanojet generated by the two-layer hemisphere has an extension of 28.2 wavelengths, and compared with the homogeneous dielectric hemisphere, it has superior performance in jet length and focal distance. Its dependence on the configuration and refractive index is investigated numerically. According to the simulation of the two-layer dielectric microsphere, a photonic nanojet with a full width at half maximum(FWHM) less than 1/2 wavelength is obtained and the tunable behaviors of the photonic nanojet are demonstrated by changing the reflective indices of the material or radius contrast ratio.     

Reflection and transmission of an Airy beam in a dielectric slab

The reflection and transmission of a finite-power Airy beam incident on a dielectric slab are investigated by an analytical method. Based on the plane-wave angular spectrum expansion and Fresnel approximation, the analytical expressions of the reflected field, internal field as well as transmitted field in each region are obtained. Through numerical simulations, the intensity distributions of the incident beam, reflected beam, internal beam as well as transmitted beam are presented at oblique incidence. Besides, we also compare the intensity distributions of the geometrical-optics beam field, the first order beam mode field and the actual beam field, which indicates that the contribution of each order beam mode field to the actual beam field is related to the refractive index of the dielectric slab. Meanwhile, the reflection characteristics of the Airy beams in the special cases of Brewster incidence and total reflection are investigated. Finally, the effects of the optical thickness and refractive index of the dielectric slab on the peak intensity distributions and beam shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams are also discussed in detail. The analytical and numerical results will be useful to analyze the propagation dynamics of Airy beam in the dielectric slab and provide some theoretical supports to the design of optical film.     

Parametric Doppler effect in the case of oblique incidence in a medium with a plasma dispersion law

The parametric Doppler effect that occurs upon reflection of a plane monochromatic wave obliquely incident on an inhomogeneity of the refractive index moving in a medium with a frequency dispersion (homogeneous wave regimes) is analyzed. For a plasma-type frequency dispersion, the dependences of the frequency and angle of reflection on the frequency of the incident wave and on the angle of incidence are found.     

Measurement of mechanical deformation of dielectric fibres by a light scattering method

This paper describes an experimental method to detect quantitative changes of both refractive index and diameter of unclad dielectric fibres, such as fused silica fibre and nylon 6 fibre, due to tensile stress. The technique employed here is based on the variation in the position of a fringe in back-scattered light, which is generated when a laser beam is incident at a right angle to the axis of the fibre. This procedure makes it possible to measure refractive index, diameter and ellipticity to within an accuracy of 0.048%, 2.6% and 0.05%, respectively.     

双环径向偏振涡旋光束经介质界面的深聚焦

基于矢量德拜理论,研究了双环径向偏振涡旋光束经介质分界面的深聚焦特性。当选取适当的入射光束拦截比时(即透镜孔径半径与入射光束的束腰半径的比),在聚焦场中可以得到一个极小的局域空心光束。局域空心光束的大小不仅与透镜的数值孔径有关,还与聚焦场介质的折射率有关。另外,还研究了透镜的数值孔径、入射光束的拦截比以及探测深度对聚焦光束实际焦点位置的影响。通过对聚焦光束的实际焦点位置的计算发现:当选取一定的光束拦截比时,聚焦光束存在一个焦点开关。     

Large lateral shift in complex dielectric multilayers with nearly parity–time symmetry

We investigate the lateral shift of optical beam in complex dielectric multilayers with nearly parity–time (PT) symmetry. The gain and loss of dielectrics are modulated to achieve nearly PT symmetry. As light impinges on the multilayers, a laser point (LP) and exceptional points (EPs) appear in the parameter space composed of the incident angle and refractive index. The phase of reflection dislocates at the LP and EPs, inducing large lateral shift around these points. The shift can be positive and negative, and the polarities of the lateral shift convert at the LP and EPs. The shift, which is sensitive to the incident angle and refractive index of dielectrics, could be tuned flexibly. The study may find potential applications in highly sensitive sensors.     

Control of the distribution of surface plasmon local field by altering the surrounding material

The field distribution of the surface plasmon (SP) around a silver nanowire greatly influences its applications for both spectrum enhancement and nano-waveguide. This paper demonstrates the change of the SP local field distribution of a silver nanowire on glass substrate with the refractive index of the covering medium by numerical simulation. The hot energy site is observed focusing on the interface between the nanowire and the surround material of larger refractive index. Moreover, we also find that the surface plasmon field becomes more confined as the refractive index between the substrate and medium has a larger gap, while a homogeneous distribution of the surrounding dielectric material around the nanowire shows a uniform local field distribution with a larger surface plasmon propagation length. The change of related parameters, such as effective index, mode area, and propagation length are also comprehensively investigated against the refractive index for nanowires with 100, 200, 300 nm diameter. Considering the wide use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material, the field distribution of silver nanowire partially imbedded in PMMA against the PMMA thickness is also studied.     

太赫兹波段电磁超材料吸波器折射率传感特性

太赫兹超材料吸波器作为一类重要的超材料功能器件,除了可以实现对入射太赫兹波的完美吸收外,还可以作为折射率传感器实现对周围环境信息变化的捕捉与监测.通常从优化表面金属谐振单元结构和改变介质层材料和形态两个方面出发,改善太赫兹超材料吸波器的传感特性.为深入研究中间介质层对太赫兹超材料吸波器传感特性的影响,本文基于金属开口谐振环阵列设计实现了具有连续介质层、非连续介质层和微腔结构的3款太赫兹超材料吸波器,并对其传感特性与传感机理进行了深入研究.结果表明,为了提高太赫兹超材料吸波器的折射率灵敏度、最大探测范围等传感特性,除了可以选用相对介电常数较小的材料作为中间介质层外,还可以改变中间介质层的形态,进而减小中间介质层对谐振场的束缚,增强谐振场与被测分析物之间的耦合.与传统的具有连续介质层的太赫兹超材料吸波器相比,具有非连续介质层和微腔结构的超材料吸波器具有更优越的传感特性,可应用于对待测分析物的高灵敏度、快速检测,在未来的传感领域具有更加广阔的应用前景.