基于甲基苯丙胺和吗啡的胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法的可靠性评价

通过固相萃取-液相色谱-多级质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)联用技术和毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法对13种中药及调味品样品中甲基苯丙胺及吗啡分别进行定量分析,依据LC-MS/MS检测结果,对毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法进行可靠性评价。实验结果表明:型号1试剂盒对甲基苯丙胺和吗啡的特异性均不高,检测准确率分别为57.7%与78.8%;型号2试剂盒对甲基苯丙胺的特异性不足,准确率为73.1%,但对吗啡的检测准确率达到100%。在利用毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒进行毒品快速筛查时,应注重排除干扰因素以提高免疫胶体金层析试剂盒的检测准确度。     

基于新型量子点荧光微球的氯霉素免疫层析试纸条的制备和应用

以羧基化CdTe/ZnSe量子点荧光微球为标记物,通过1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)活化法将氯霉素(CAP)单克隆抗体与量子点荧光微球偶联制备荧光探针.氯霉素全抗原(CAP-HS-BSA)及羊抗鼠二抗分别喷涂硝酸纤维素膜,形成检测线(T线)和质控线(C线),组装成新型氯霉素量子点荧光微球免疫层析试纸条,建立了快速、定量检测牛奶中CAP的方法.本研究开发的量子点荧光微球试纸条可在15 min内完成牛奶样品中CAP的定量检测,线性范围为0.1~100.0μg/L,检出限为0.1μg/L.牛奶样品CAP的加标回收率为93.3%~97.9%,相对标准偏差在4.9%~6.9%之间.     

氟苯尼考胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的建立

建立了定量检测氟苯尼考的胶体金免疫层析方法.对胶体金标记抗体时溶液pH和抗体浓度、金标抗体用量、检测线上抗原浓度以及检测时间进行了优化.采用胶体金试纸条读取仪测定试纸条检测线和质控线的信号强度,以标准品的浓度为横坐标,阳性样本和阴性样本的检测线/质控线的信号比值(Bx/B0)为纵坐标建立标准曲线.结果表明,胶体金免疫层析试纸定量检测氟苯尼考的线性范围为0.1~1.5 ng/mL,检出限为0.08 ng/mL,检测时间为15 min.本方法具有简便、快速和可定量等特点,适于大批量样品的现场筛查.     

基于免疫磁分离的荧光微球免疫层析法检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌

建立了基于免疫磁分离的荧光微球免疫层析法,检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌.待检样品经免疫磁分离富集和热洗脱处理后,用荧光微球免疫层析试纸条进行检测.每毫克纳米磁珠标记30μg抗体制备的免疫磁珠,对浓度为102 ～ 106 CFU/mL的猪霍乱沙门氏菌的捕获率均大于90％,特异性好;在pH=6时,以300μ,g/mg猪霍乱沙门氏菌单抗11D8-D4标记荧光微球,制备免疫荧光微球;以2.0 mg/mL猪霍乱沙门氏菌单抗5F11-B11喷涂检测线(T线),以1.0 mg/mL驴抗鼠IgG喷涂质控线(C线),制备免疫层析试纸条.采用建立的基于免疫磁分离的荧光微球免疫层析方法检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌,在PBS缓冲液中检出限为1.5×105 CFU/mL,牛奶中检出限为7.6×105 CFU/mL,与直接采用荧光微球免疫层析方法检测相比,检出限分别降低了10倍和200倍.本方法可有效富集牛奶中的沙门氏菌,避免了基质干扰,灵敏度大大提高,具有较好的应用前景.     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测牛奶、奶粉、饲料中的三聚氰胺

建立了快速检测牛奶、奶粉、饲料样品中三聚氰胺的胶体金免疫层析分析法。将三聚氰胺进行分子修饰得到两种衍生物,分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)相连制得免疫原和包被抗原。运用杂交瘤抗体制备技术得到抗三聚氰胺的单克隆抗体(mAb)。利用柠檬酸三钠还原法制得平均粒径18 nm的胶体金,将胶体金与抗三聚氰胺单克隆抗体相连,所形成的金标抗体(Au-mAb)包被在胶体金垫上,包被抗原和羊抗鼠二抗分别包被在硝酸纤维素膜(NC)上作为检测线(T线)和质控线(C线)。将胶金垫、NC膜、样品垫和吸水纸组装成免疫层析快速检测试剂条。将标准溶液(或待测液)滴加到样品垫上,10 min后可在NC膜C线和T线位置上用肉眼观察到胶体金的颜色(红色),通过比对颜色的深浅判断样品中三聚氰胺的含量。结果表明,三聚氰胺的检出限为10μg/L;选用了其它10种物质对免疫层析试剂条进行了特异性实验,免疫层析试剂条与2-氯-4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪和环丙氨嗪的交叉反应率约为1%,与其它8种物质没有交叉反应;加标样品用免疫层析试剂条和酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)同时检查,结果一致。本方法适用于牛奶、奶粉、饲料样品中三聚氰胺的现场快速检测。     

猪肉中1-氨基乙内酰脲的胶体金免疫层析法快速检测

基于免疫竞争胶体金免疫层析原理,研制了检测食用肉中呋喃妥因代谢物1-氨基乙内酰脲(AHD)的免疫试纸条。用柠檬酸钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记抗1-氨基乙内酰脲的衍生物(CPAHD)的单克隆抗体并喷于玻璃纤维上,CPAHD-BSA(Bovine serum albumin)抗原和羊抗鼠IgG分别结合于硝酸纤维膜上,依次将样品垫、胶体金垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸水纸组装切割成AHD胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条。在5 min内肉眼观察结果,该试纸条对AHD的最低检测限为2.33μg/L,除与呋喃妥因有弱交叉反应外,与其他同类物均无交叉反应,用该试纸条和ELISA(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)检测猪肉中添加的AHD,结果呈现很好的相关性。该方法灵敏度高,简便快速,无需特殊仪器设备,可作为呋喃妥因残留批量检测的筛选方法。     

五氯酚免疫层析检测试纸条的研究

利用胶体金免疫层析技术建立了一种快速检测五氯酚(PCP)残留的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备大小一致、分布均匀、粒径为20 nm的胶体金颗粒,以此标记五氯酚抗体,制备金标抗体。将五氯酚包被抗原和羊抗鼠二抗分别结合于硝酸纤维膜上,依次将型号Millipore135硝酸纤维膜、型号VL78金标垫、型号SB06样品垫及吸水纸组装于PVC底板上,组装成胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条。通过试纸条上颜色的深浅,检测样品中PCP的残留量。试纸条检出限为10 ng/mL,检测时间为5 min。该方法检测所需试剂已预先包被在试纸条上,操作简单、重复性好、成本低廉,可用于五氯酚的现场快速检测。     

胶体金免疫层析方法快速检测腹泻性贝毒软海绵酸的初步研究

建立了赤潮毒素腹泻性贝毒软海绵酸的快速胶体金免疫层析检测方法。通过细胞融合,制备抗软海绵酸单克隆抗体,胶体金标记抗体,建立快速检测软海绵酸的免疫层析试纸条方法。检出限500 ng/mL(50 ng/条),探讨了影响测试方法的因素和提高灵敏度的可能手段。     

快速检测镉离子的免疫层析分析法的建立及应用

在制备出镉离子单克隆抗体的基础上,首先运用柠檬酸钠还原法合成了胶体金,然后用胶体金标记抗体,得到检测探针;优化实验条件后,组装试纸条,样品中的镉与检测线上面的抗原竞争有限的金标抗体,通过观察检测线的颜色,确定检出限;最后检测方法的特异性和灵敏度,建立了一种快速检测水样中镉离子的竞争免疫层析试纸条方法。结果:方法的检出限为50ng·mL-1,交叉反应结果表明,该抗体除与汞离子有交叉反应外,与其他金属离子(Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Ba~(2+))均无交叉反应。湖水样品中镉的加标实验结果显示与传统的酶联免疫分析方法有很好的相关性。建立的胶体金免疫层析试纸条方法可以特异、快速地检测水样中的重金属镉离子,在10min左右可以得到结果,适合用于现场检测。     

萃取-表面增强拉曼光谱联用技术及其在有害物质检测领域的应用

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术以其高灵敏度和分子特征指纹光谱在众多领域获得广泛应用,然而对于实际复杂样品中的目标分析物,样品基质会极大地干扰目标分析物SERS信号的准确获取,从而限制SERS在实际样品分析中的应用.萃取-表面增强拉曼光谱(Ex-SERS)联用技术为解决这一现实难题提供了可能性,国内外课题组结合萃取和SERS的各自优势,构建了基于固相萃取、固相微萃取、磁分散固相微萃取、薄层微萃取、液液分散微萃取、擦拭萃取等多种Ex-SERS联用技术,并以此发展了面向多种有害物质的Ex-SERS联用方法,可实现复杂基质中目标分析物的快速原位分离和SERS检测,进一步拓展SERS在实际样品分析中的应用.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.