气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测法用于苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应的筛选（英文）

建立了苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应的气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测(GC-MS/SIM)筛选方法。以乙苯为内标,利用GC-MS/SIM对苯乙烯环氧化反应样品进行分析,在选定的分析条件下完全分离并准确测定了苯乙烯和环氧苯乙烷对映异构体的含量,同时利用该方法对苯乙烯环氧化反应的正交试验进行了评估。该方法具有以下优点:高精密度(以RSD表示的精密度为12%~52%,n=5)、良好的线性关系(苯乙烯、(R)-环氧苯乙烷和(S)-环氧苯乙烷标准曲线的相关系数分别为0999 7、0993 2和0996 3)、低定量限(苯乙烯、(R)-环氧苯乙烷和(S)-环氧苯乙烷的定量限分别为13、11和07 mg/L)以及合理的回收率(982%~1082%)。该方法为苯乙烯及其同系物的不对称环氧化反应提供了一种新的分析测定途径。     

邻菲啰啉二氧钼(Ⅵ)配合物合成及催化环氧化性能

通过邻菲啰啉分别与乙酰丙酮钼和二氯氧钼反应,合成了两个邻菲啰啉二氧钼(Ⅵ)配合物,并通过红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、元素分析和紫外可见光谱方法表征。以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂、叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂探讨了邻菲啰啉钼(Ⅵ)配合物催化环氧化性能,结果表明,邻菲啰啉钼(Ⅵ)配合物具有很好的催化环氧化性能。在优化实验条件下,环氧化产物的选择性大于95%,底物的转化率均大于82%。烯键的催化环氧化活性顺序为:1-甲基环己烯1-己烯环己烯α-甲基苯乙烯4-氯苯乙烯苯乙烯α,β-不饱和羧酸酯。催化剂重复利用5次,催化活性基本保持稳定。     

金-硅胶催化剂的一步合成及其催化苯乙烯环氧化性能的研究

环氧苯乙烷具有重要的经济价值,现有的工业生产技术存在能耗高及环境污染大等诸多问题,使得环境友好的苯乙烯环氧化生产工艺的开发具有重要意义.采用一步合成法制备了系列金-硅胶纳米球催化剂,实现了纳米金的高度分散(粒径6.4 nm),对苯乙烯环氧化反应表现出较好的催化活性及产物选择性.通过X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱及X射线光电子能谱等表征技术,结合苯乙烯环氧化反应性能的考察,对金-硅胶催化剂的制备条件进行了优化.     

卟啉锰络合物对苯乙烯催化环氧化的研究

本文研究了四苯基卟啉锰在次氯酸钠体系中对苯乙烯催化环氧化的性能,用原位可见光谱考察了环氧化反应过程,观察到络合物与氧的作用情况,阐明了卟啉锰一次氯酸钠体系对苯乙烯催化环氧化的机理。     

Effect of Phenyl CI Substituent Position on the Catalytic Performance for Olefin Epoxidation of Tetraphenylmetalloporphyrins

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四（2,6-二氯苯基）铁（锰）卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁（锰）卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ（TDCPP）Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP〉T（p-Cl）PP〉TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

苯环上氯取代位对四苯基金属卟啉催化烯烃环氧化性能的影响

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四(2,6-二氯苯基)铁(锰)卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁(锰)卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ(TDCPP)Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP>T(p-Cl)PP>TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应液的高效液相色谱法分析

建立了Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)催化苯乙烯不对称环氧化反应的手性高效液相色谱分析法。采用手性AD-H柱,以正己烷和异丙醇为流动相,207nm作为检测波长,成功分离测定了苯乙烯及其环氧化产物环氧苯乙烷对映异构体。通过实验求得苯乙烯及(R)/(S)-环氧苯乙烷的线性回归方程,其相关系数分别为0.9985、0.9997、0.9995;方法检测限分别为0.02、0.10和0.13μg/mL;该方法低、中、高三个浓度水平的回收率为100.2%~100.8%;相对标准偏差分别为0.86%、1.52%和1.80%。     

手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物催化NaOCl不对称环氧化苯乙烯反应

手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物催化NaOCl不对称环氧化苯乙烯反应;不对称环氧化;Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物;苯乙烯;NaOCl     

Ti─Si沸石的催化氧化性能 Ⅰ．烯烃的氧化及骨架钛的作用

详细研究了Ｔｉ─Ｓｉ沸石在Ｈ_２Ｏ_２存在下对氯丙烯的环氧化、苯乙烯的氧化和环己烯的氧化等反应的催化作用．发现上述三种结构的烯烃其主要定向产物并不一致：氯丙烯氧化产物主要为环氧氯丙烷，苯乙烯氧化主要产物为苯乙醛、环己烯氧化主要产物为环己二酮．说明烯烃氧化的主要定向产物的结构依赖于有机底物的结构，并不全都给出环氧产物．在三个反应中，Ｔｉ─Ｓｉ沸石均表现出显著的催化活性，这可能与沸石骨架中钛的存在有关．发现在氯丙烯环氧化反应中，只有ＴＳ－１及ＴＳ－２表现出环氧化活性．推测沸石骨架位中存在的钛在氧化反应中起重要作用．     

α-和β-Cs_4H_3[SiW_9O_(37)Cr_3(H_2O)_3]·xH_2O的合成及其催化PhIO环氧化烯烃的性质

本文报道了α-和β-[SiW_9O_(37)Cr_3(H_2O)_3]~(7-)杂多阴离子铯、钾盐的合成、表征及其催化亚碘酰苯环氧化烯烃的性质.元素分析、磁化率、红外光谱及FAB质谱等数据表明,该杂多阴离子为三取代的Keggin结构.α-和β-[siW_9O_(37)aCr_3(H_2O)_3]~(7-)具有催化PhIO环氧化反-二苯乙烯、环己烯和苯乙烯生成相应环氧化物的性质。     

天然橡胶分子链双键中引入环氧基对其性能的影响

天然橡胶在乳液状态下与过氧乙酸反应，在主分子链双键中引入环氧基团，可显著提高分子极性，但其高强伸性能基本保持不变；玻璃化温度上升，冲击弹性下降，耐油性、气密性、粘合性显著改善。     

Structure and properties of degradable polyolefin-starch blends

The structure, mechanical properties and susceptibility to degradation of blends of low density polyethylene (PE) or isotactic polypropylene (PP) and glycerol plasticized starch (GS) was investigated. Monoethers of glycerol and fatty alcohols (GA) and in some cases epoxidized rubbers (ER) were used as compatibilizers for the investigated systems. It was found that mechanical properties and ageing susceptibility of blends depend strongly on their composition, i.e. the content of plasticized starch in the blend and the content of glycerol in the starch. In some cases an increased susceptibility to biodegradation during soil or fungus ageing not only of the starch phase but also of the polymer phase was observed. The susceptibility of these systems to accelerated artificial weathering was also investigated.     

Application of multi-capillary column – ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) in rubber chemistry and technology

In this paper the possibility for authentication and differentiation of various styrene butadiene rubbers (SBRs) was investigated. Seven types of SBR were analyzed by multi-capillary column (MCC) ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) and their spectra compared. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) releasing from the rubbers revealed the presence of characteristics signals, which can be assigned only to a specific material. Such “markers”, when defined for other polymer materials, can be used for their authentication. In the second part of the paper, the blend of epoxidized natural rubber and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate (ENR/P(3,4)HB) was subjected to different types of aging. MCC-IMS spectra of not aged, thermal, climatic and UV aged samples were collected and differences between the signals discussed. The study showed possibility of authentication of polymeric materials and processes. The paper is a some kind of introduction to the use of analytical properties and advantages of MCC-IMS technique in chemistry, technology and exploitation of polymer materials.     

Depolymerization and ionic conductivity of enzymatically deproteinized natural rubber having epoxy group

Preparation of liquid epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was made by oxidative depolymerization of ENR in latex stage without loss of epoxy group. Epoxidation of fresh natural rubber latex, which was purified by deproteinization with proteolytic enzyme and surfactant, was carried out with freshly prepared peracetic acid. The glass transition temperature (T_g) and gel content of the rubbers increased after the epoxidation, both of which were dependent upon an amount of peracetic acid. The gel content was significantly reduced by oxidative depolymerization of the rubber with (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ in the presence of propanal. The resulting liquid epoxidized rubber (M_n≈10⁴) was found to have well-defined terminal groups, i.e. aldehyde groups and α-β unsaturated carbonyl groups. The novel rubber was applied to transport Li⁺ as an ionic conducting medium, that is, solid polymer electrolyte.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethanes from epoxidized methyl oleate based polyether polyols as renewable resources

Oligomeric polyether polyols were obtained through the acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of epoxidized methyl oleate and the subsequent partial reduction of ester groups to give primary alcohols. The oligomers were characterized with titration, spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Depending on the degree of reduction, polyols of different hydroxyl content values were obtained and were reacted with 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) to yield polyurethanes. These materials, which were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, could behave as hard rubbers or rigid plastics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 634–645, 2006     

Liquid hydrocarbon rubbers and their fields of application

The classification of liquid rubbers with terminal functional groups depending on their composition and structure is presented. Polydieneurethanes, as well as liquid rubbers with terminal carboxylic groups, are of the greatest interest for industry. The particular variants of applications of modified liquid rubbers for producing sealants, adhesives, compounds, and protective coatings with unique properties are presented.     

Rubbers with low flammability

Ways to decrease the flammability of rubber materials based on organosilicon rubbers of different structures and on ethylene–propylene–diene rubbers are shown. Data on the influence of the structure of organosilicon rubbers on their flammability and the influence of metal hydroxides and their dispersion on the decrease in the flammability of rubbers are given.     

Experimental branching results for diene polymers by use of gel-permeation chromatography

Branching analyses in styrene–butadiene rubbers and polybutadiene rubbers have revealed large differences in branching between rubbers polymerized in different ways. The functionalities of several star-branched solution-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubbers were calculated and compared to their expected structures. Emulsion-polymerized polybutadiene rubber and a series of solution-polymerized polybutadienes made with different catalysts had different degrees of random branching, and evidence is presented indicating that the different available catalyst systems provide some latitude in making rubbers of different branching contents. Random branching analyses on a series of emulsion-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubbers revealed the dependency of branching on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The influence of polymerization temperature on the branching of emulsion-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber was also studied.     

Effect of glycoluril and its derivatives on the flame resistance and physico-mechanical properties of rubber

The effect of bicyclic bisureas (glycolurils) and their derivatives functionalized with hydroxymethyl, halomethyl, and dimethoxyphoshorylmethyl groups on the flame resistance and physico-chemical properties of synthetic isoprene and divinyl rubbers was studied, and the procedures for preparing these agents were suggested. The rubbers with the addition of the synthesized bicyclic bisureas demonstrated satisfactory levels of flame resistance and physico-mechanical parameters.     

Modification of epoxy resins with liquid polysulfide and carboxylated butadiene rubbers

In this work, we present the results of studying the effect of liquid carboxylated butadiene and polysulfide rubbers on the physicomechanical and adhesive properties of epoxy adhesive compositions with curing agents of different chemical nature—diethylene triamine and polyoxypropylene triamine. It is found that carboxylated butadiene rubbers are more effective modifiers than polysulfide rubbers because they yield a higher complex of properties. It is also shown that the change in the chemical nature of a curing agent has no significant effect on the properties of epoxy-rubber adhesive compositions, which allows one to control their key technological parameters without fear of losing strength characteristics.