核内核子–核子非弹散射截面(Ⅰ)

在与平均场、核内核子-核子弹性散射截面以及输运方程相统一的理论框架内推导了核内核子-核子非弹散射截面的解析表达式.其数值结果能很好地重现自由非弹截面的实验值,所计算的有效非弹截面与Dirac-Brueckner的计算结果相一致.     

核子的部分子统计模型、EMC效应和核内核子中胶子分布函数

假定核子是部分子(夸克、胶子)组成的热力学系统,讨论了它的温度和化学势等热力学量,导出了核子中部分子的分数动量x分布与相应的统计分布间的关系式.通过将核子中胶子与黑体中光子的类比,计算了核子的有效温度.假定u、d夸克的化学势相同并取合理值,再利用重标度方案定出核内核子温度的改变后,统计模型很好地解释了EMC效应.认为胶子有小而负的化学势后,统计模型也较好地解释了虚光生J/ψ过程中束缚核子的与自由核子的胶子分布比值在小x处"过大"的问题.     

核介质中核子–核子散射截面的BHF微观计算

在Brueckner-Hartree-Fock(BHF)框架下,计算了核介质中核子-核子(N-N)散射总截面.计算中,N-N相互作用势采用Paris势的可分离表示,单粒子谱采用连续选择.计算结果表明,质子-质子散射及质子-中子散射的总截面随核密度的增加而强烈地减小,特别是对低能散射.对结果作了简单的讨论,并与已有的一些计算结果进行了比较.     

核子-Isobar的等效相互作用

在实验上有很多现象表明核子共振态△(3/2,3/2)(称为Isobar)是可能被束缚在原子核内的.例如π~-核散射实验中,在比自由△激发能量低几十MeV处有一明显共振峰,这现象可能就是在核内△自由度的被激发(以△表示Isobar,以N表示核子).研究△自由度被激发核的性质的问题已成为一个很有兴趣的课题.我们知道,研究原子核内N-N相互作用是核物理研究中最基本的问题,因为二核子之间的作用势是从微观上了解核性质的基础.同样,研究N-△之间的作用势也是一个基本的问题,它是研究包含△自由度时     

能量损失效应引起的核Drell-Yan微分截面比的压低

核环境中夸克的能量损失可以通过高能核Drell-Yan过程的核依赖进行测量. 利用文献中给出的夸克能量损失公式和从轻子－原子核深度非弹性散射实验数 据得到的束缚核子中的部分子分布函数, 计算了FNAL E772 800GeV的质子打击不同原子核的Drell-Yan过程截面比, 发现考虑能量损失的计算结果与FNAL E772实验数据符合甚好. 建议在利用核Drell-Yan过程实验数据抽取束缚核子内部分子分布函数时应该考虑能量损失效应.     

核内核子－核子非弹散射截面（Ⅰ）

在与平均场、核内核子－核子弹性散射截面以及输运方程相统一的理论框架内推导了核内核子－核子非弹散射截面的解析表达式．其数值结果能很好地重现自由非弹截面的实验值，所计算的有效非弹截面与Ｄｉｒａｃ－Ｂｒｕｅｃｋｎｅｒ的计算结果相一致．     

在非相对论能量下介质中的核子–核子碰撞截面

在非相对论能量下,采用Skyrme有效相互作用,计算了在核介质中的核子-核子(N-N)碰撞截面,研究了它与能量及密度的依赖关系,以及不同Skyrme参数对所计算截面的影响.发现在低密度时,介质中的核子-核子碰撞截面大于经Pauli修正后的自由核子一核子碰撞截面.而当高密度时,总会在高于某一能量以后,介质中的N-N碰撞截面大于经Pauli修正后的自由N-N碰撞截面.     

核内核子-核子弹性散射截面

通过对标量、矢量介子场引入动量-密度相关的耦合常数,能够同时重现核物质饱和态性质、能量依赖的相对论光学势以及核内核子平均自由程的实验结果.并用这套耦合常数计算了核内核子-核子弹性散射截面,结果表明,在某些能量区域密度依赖很明显而必须加以考虑.     

核内核子–核子非弹散射截面(Ⅱ)

在自洽的相对论框架内，研究了介质的屏蔽效应对核内核子－核子非弹散射截面的影响．     

核内核子－核子非弹散射截面（Ⅱ）

在自洽的相对论框架内，研究了介质的屏蔽效应对核内核子－核子非弹散射截面的影响．     

电子-离子对撞机上开展核子及其激发态研究的建议

核子及其激发态性质研究一直是中高能核物理的一个重要研究领域。然而,到目前为止,对核子及其激发态内部结构的了解还处在初级阶段。首先介绍了核子及其激发态研究现状,指出了三夸克模型在描述核子特别是核子激发态内部结构方面存在很大的缺陷。为解决传统三夸克模型的不足,有一种新的观点认为虽然独立的五夸克态不存在,但是核子及其共振态中存在可观的五夸克激发。这种五夸克图像提供了一个描述核子内部结构的新见解,给出了与经典三夸克图像相当不同的核子激发态谱预言,还有待实验检验。目前国内外正在论证的电子–离子对撞机(EIC)将是研究核子结构下一代最重要的加速器装置,被视为"超级电子显微镜"。由于EIC有较高的能量和亮度,特别是低本底等优势,可以开展核子及其激发态性质的研究以及新强子态研究。     

Temperature-Dependent Imaginary Part of the Off-Shell Nucleon Self-Energy and the Second Order Correction of Real Part of the Nucleon Self-Energy

The imaginary part of the off-shell nucleon self-energy at finite temperature in nuclear matter, where the polarization and correlation contributions of exchanges of the meson are taken into account, is investigated based on Walecka's meson-nucleon model and thermofield dynamics. The second order correction of temperature-dependent real part of the nucleon self-energy is calculated in terms of the dispersion relation. The Schrodinger equivalent potential of relativistic microscopic optical potential of a nucleon at finite temperature in nuclear medium is also studied.     

Nucleon structure on the lattice

A few chosen nucleon properties are described from a lattice QCD perspective: the nucleon sigma term and the scalar strangeness in the nucleon; the vector form factors in the nucleon, including the vector strangeness contribution, as well as parity breaking effects like the anapole and electric dipole moment; and finally the axial and tensor charges of the nucleon. The status of the lattice calculations is presented and their potential impact on phenomenology is discussed.     

Experimental Approach to Three Nucleon Forces via Few Nucleon Systems

Recent achievements in three nucleon force study via three nucleon scattering at intermediate energies ( ${E \gtrsim 100 \,\,{\rm MeV/nucleon}}$ ) are discussed.     

Signatures of Central Collisions in Inelastic Nucleon–Nucleon Scattering

Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - Nucleon–nucleon collisions with impact-parameter values below the nucleon quark-core radius are considered and experimental signatures for selecting...     

Nucleon form factors and the BLAST experiment

Measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the nucleon present a sensitive test of nucleon models and QCD-inspired theories. A precise knowledge of the neutron form factors at low Q² is also essential to reduce the systematic errors of parity violation experiments. At the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center, the nucleon form factors have been measured by means of scattering of polarized electrons from vector-polarized hydrogen and deuterium. The experiment used the longitudinally polarized stored electron beam of the MIT-Bates South Hall Ring along with an isotopically pure, highly vector-polarized internal atomic hydrogen and deuterium target provided by an atomic beam source. The measurements have been carried out with the symmetric Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) with enhanced neutron detection capability.     

Nucleon structure in the perturbative chiral quark model

We give an overview of recent applications of the perturbative chiral quark model (PCQM) in the analysis of the structure of the nucleon. The PCQM is based on an effective Lagrangian, where baryons are described by relativistic valence quarks and a perturbative cloud of Goldstone bosons as required by chiral symmetry. We discuss applications to the electromagnetic properties of the nucleon, to σ-term physics, to πN scattering including radiative corrections and to the strange form factors of the nucleon.     

Experimental Approach to Three Nucleon Forces in Few Nucleon Systems

Recent achievements in three nucleon force study via three nucleon scattering at intermediate energies ${(E/A \approx 100-200 {\rm MeV})}$ are discussed.     

核子结构研究半世纪

评述了近半个世纪来核子结构研究的主要进展,着重评述了近十年来用极化轻子深度非弹散射研究核子自旋、磁矩结构的进展.也还评述了当前核子结构研究中的重要问题. The essential developments of the nucleon structure studies in the last half century are reviewed. The nucleon spin and magnetic moment structure studies with the polarized lepton nucleon deep inelastic scattering in the recent years are specially analyzed. The important topics in the contamporary studies of the nucleon structure is discussed.     

Nucleon elastic form factors

The nucleon form factors are still the subject of active investigation even after an experimental effort spanning 50 years. This is because they are of critical importance to our understanding of the electromagnetic properties of nuclei and provide a unique testing ground for QCD motivated models of nucleon structure. Progress in polarized beams, polarized targets and recoil polarimetry have allowed an important and precise set of data to be collected over the last decade. I will review the experimental status of elastic electron scattering from the nucleon along with an outlook for future progress.