GaN基高压直流发光二极管制备及其性能分析

GaN基高压直流发光二极管工艺制备, 采用蓝宝石图形衬底(PSS) 外延片制备正梯形芯粒结构的GaN基高压直流LED.相对其他结构器件, 该结构器件发光效率最高, 封装白光后, 在色温4500 K, 驱动电流20 mA时, 光效116.06 lm/W, 对应电压50 V. 测试其I-V曲线表明, 开启电压为36 V, 对应驱动电流为1.5 mA; 在电流15 mA至50 mA时, 光功率随驱动电流增加近似于线性增加, 在此区域光效随电流增加而降低的幅度比较缓慢, 表明GaN基高压直流LED适宜于采用大电流密度驱动, 而不会出现驱动电流密度增加导致量子效率明显下降(efficiency droop), 为从芯片层面研究解决量子效率下降难题提供了一种新思路.     

InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构发光二极管发光机理转变的低频电流噪声表征

本文对InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构发光二极管开启后的电流噪声进行了测试, 结合低频电流噪声的特点和载流子之间的复合机理, 研究了低频电流噪声功率谱密度与发光二极管发光转变机理之间的关系. 结论表明, 当电流从0.1 mA到10 mA逐渐增大的过程中, InGaN/GaN发光二极管的电流噪声行为从产生-复合噪声逐渐接近于低频1/f噪声, 载流子的复合机理从非辐射复合过渡为电子与空穴之间载流子数的辐射复合, 并具有标准1/f噪声的趋势, 此时多量子阱中的电子和空穴之间的复合趋向于稳定. 本文的结论提供了一种表征InGaN/GaN多量子阱发光二极管发光机理转变的有效方法, 为进一步研究发光二极管中载流子的复合机理、优化和设计发光二极管、提高其发光量子效率提供理论依据.     

基于电容和电导特性分析GaN蓝光发光二极管老化机理

采用正向交流小信号方法测试和分析老化前后GaN发光二极管（LED）的电容-电压特性,结合串联电阻、理想因子、隧穿电流参数讨论负电容以及电导变化情况.基于L-V曲线定性分析老化前后负电容的阈值电压,老化之后样管的受主浓度降低,辐射复合概率下降,大量缺陷以及非辐射复合中心出现,对载流子俘获作用增强,造成负电容降低.反向偏压以及小正向偏压下,隧穿效应导致老化之后样管的电导增大;正向偏压大于2.2 V区域,考虑串联电阻效应,老化后样管电导减小.在分析LED电容-电压、光输出、电学特性曲线与老化机理基础上,通过实验论证以及理论解释表明,负电容以及电导特性可作为分析LED老化特性的参考依据. 关键词： GaN发光二极管 负电容 电导 老化机理     

注入电流对绿光高压LED光电特性的影响

设计并制备了12 V的GaN基绿光高压发光二极管(LED),并对其进行了变电流测试。研究了绿光高压LED的正向电压、峰值波长、光功率以及光效等重要参数随注入电流的变化关系,电流变化范围为3~50mA,测试温度为25℃。实验结果表明:电流对绿光高压LED的光电特性有很大影响。在驱动电流为20 mA时,对应电压为14 V。随着注入电流的增大,峰值波长蓝移了2 nm。随着电流的增大,光功率近似于线性增加。在注入电流从3 mA增大到20 mA的过程中,光效降低了约61%;在注入电流从20 mA增大到50 mA的过程中,光效降低了约39%。这说明高压LED在大电流驱动时,光效降低的幅度比较缓慢。上述结果对GaN基绿光高压LED的改进优化具有一定的参考价值。     

注入电流对绿光高压LED光电特性的影响

设计并制备了12 V 的GaN基绿光高压发光二极管（LED）,并对其进行了变电流测试。研究了绿光高压LED的正向电压、峰值波长、光功率以及光效等重要参数随注入电流的变化关系,电流变化范围为3~50 mA,测试温度为25 ℃。实验结果表明：电流对绿光高压LED的光电特性有很大影响。在驱动电流为20 mA时,对应电压为14 V。随着注入电流的增大,峰值波长蓝移了2 nm。随着电流的增大,光功率近似于线性增加。在注入电流从3 mA增大到20 mA的过程中,光效降低了约61%;在注入电流从20 mA增大到50 mA的过程中,光效降低了约39%。这说明高压LED在大电流驱动时,光效降低的幅度比较缓慢。上述结果对 GaN基绿光高压 LED 的改进优化具有一定的参考价值。     

AlGaN/GaN肖特基结参数分析与电流运输机理研究

通过对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件肖特基栅电流输运机理的研究,在变温下采用I-V法对AlGaN/GaN上的Ni/Au肖特基势垒高度和理想因子进行了计算. 通过对不同电流机理的分立研究,得到了更为准确的势垒高度值_b. 通过分析温度在300—550K之间肖特基反向泄漏电流的特性,得出结论：AlGaN材料的表面漏电不是HEMT器件反向泄漏电流的主要来源. 关键词： AlGaN/GaN异质结 肖特基结 理想因子     

大功率GaN基发光二极管等效串联电阻的功率耗散及其对发光效率的影响

由于自加热效应的存在,大功率GaN基发光二极管(LED)的芯片温度有可能高出环境温度很多,实验中,芯片温度超出环境高达147 K.从实验测量的大功率LED电流电压特性曲线中,将p-n结和等效串联电阻上的电压降落分离出来,得到了大功率LED等效串联电阻随芯片温度的变化情况.在输入电功率自加热效应的影响下,大功率GaN基LED等效串联电阻呈现出剧烈的变化,其阻值由低输入功率时的1.2 Ω降低到0.9 Ω,然后再升高到1.9 Ω,等效串联电阻的功率耗散在输入功率中所占的比例也随着输入功率的增加迅速增加,最高时接 关键词： 自加热 等效串联电阻 发光二极管 流明效率     

大功率GaN基发光二极管的电流扩展效应及电极结构优化研究

定性分析了GaN基LED的电流扩展效应,发现电流密度和电流横向扩展的有效长度对电流均匀扩展有很大影响.基于此,对GaN基大功率LED提出了优化的电极结构,以减缓电流拥挤效应,降低器件串联电阻.通过用红外热像仪测量器件表面的温度分布,发现具有优化的环形插指电极结构的GaN基大功率LED表面温度分布比较均匀,证明芯片接触处电流扩展均匀,局部电流密度降低,减小了焦耳热的产生,增强了器件的可靠性. 关键词： 氮化镓 发光二极管 电流扩展 电极结构优化     

Si基碲镉汞光伏探测器的深能级研究

通过变温I-V测试方法对中波Si基碲镉汞光伏探测器的深能级进行了研究. 首先在产生-复合电流为主导电流机理范围内对Si基碲镉汞探测器的I-1/(k_BT)曲线拟合,得到-0.01 V偏压下单元Si基碲镉汞器件的深能级E_g/4.然后对不同偏压下的实验数据进行了拟合、比较,发现不同偏压下起主导作用的深能级与该偏压下的暗电流机理有较好的对应关系. 最后对-0.01 V偏压下不同面积器件的深能级进行了拟合、比较,发现 关键词： Si基碲镉汞 深能级 产生-复合电流 理想因子     

光/电激发方式对AlGaInP及GaN基LED电学特性的影响

采用光激励与电激励的方式对AlGaInP与InGaN/GaN基LED的电学特性进行了表征,并重点比较分析了两种激励方式的下理想因子这一重要参数的差异.探讨了影响LED理想因子的因素,确定理想因子的适宜注入强度范围.研究结果表明:结温与注入强度是影响LED理想因子的重要因素;对于特定类型的发光二极管,空间电荷区起主导作用...     

Schottky barrier and pn-junctionI/V plots — Small signal evaluation

This paper proposes and examines three different plots for the determination of the saturation current, the ideality factor, and the series resistance of Schottky diodes and solar cells from the measurement of a single current (I)/voltage(V) curve. All three plots utilize the small signal conductance and avoid the traditional Norde plot completely. A test reveals that the series resistance and the barrier height of a test diode can be determined with an accuracy of better than 1%. Finally it is shown that a numerical agreement between measured and fittedI/V curves is generally insufficient to prove the physical validity of current transport models.     

ITO表面粗化提高GaN基LED芯片出光效率

使用现有生产线上工艺成熟且成本低廉的技术实现ITO粗化以提高GaN基LED蓝光芯片的出光效率是产业界重要的研究课题。本文通过普通光刻技术和湿法腐蚀技术,实现ITO表面粗化,有效地提高了LED芯片的输出光功率。输入电流为20 mA时,ITO层制备密集分布的三角周期圆孔阵列后,芯片输出光功率提升11.4%,但正向电压升高0.178 V;微结构优化设计后,芯片输出光功率提升8.2%,正向电压仅升高0.044 V。小电流注入时,密集分布的三角周期圆孔阵列有利于获得较高的输出光功率。大电流注入时,这种结构将导致电流拥挤,芯片的电光转化效率衰减严重。经过优化设计后的微结构阵列器件,具有较高的电注入效率,因此芯片的出光效率较高且随输入电流的增加而衰减的趋势较慢,因此更适合大电流下工作。     

Effect of diode size and series resistance on barrier height and ideality factor in nearly ideal Au/n type-GaAs micro Schottky contact diodes

Small high-quality Au/n type-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with low reverse leakage current are produced using lithography. Their effective barrier heights (BHs) and ideality factors from current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are measured by a Pico ampere meter and home-built I-V instrument. In spite of the identical preparation of the diodes there is a diode-to-diode variation in ideality factor and barrier height parameters. Measurement of topology of a surface of a thin metal film with atomic force microscope (AFM) shows that Au-n type-GaAS SD consists of a set of parallel-connected micro and nanocontacts diodes with sizes approximately in a range of 100-200 nm. Between barrier height and ideality factor there is an inversely proportional dependency. With the diameter of contact increasing from 5 μm up to 200 μm, the barrier height increases from 0.833 up to 0.933 eV and its ideality factor decreases from 1.11 down to 1.006. These dependencies show the reduction of the contribution of the peripheral current with the diameter of contact increasing. We find the effect of series resistance on barrier height and ideality factor.     

Simulation studies of current transport in metal–insulator–semiconductor Schottky barrier diodes

The current–voltage characteristics of Schottky diodes with an interfacial insulator layer are analysed by numerical simulation. The current–voltage data of the metal–insulator–semiconductor Schottky diode are simulated using thermionic emission diffusion (TED) equation taking into account an interfacial layer parameter. The calculated current–voltage data are fitted into ideal TED equation to see the apparent effect of interfacial layer parameters on current transport. Results obtained from the simulation studies shows that with mere presence of an interfacial layer at the metal–semiconductor interface the Schottky contact behave as an ideal diode of apparently high barrier height (BH), but with same ideality factor and series resistance as considered for a pure Schottky contact without an interfacial layer. This apparent BH decreases linearly with decreasing temperature. The effects giving rise to high ideality factor in metal–insulator–semiconductor diode are analysed. Reasons for observed temperature dependence of ideality factor in experimentally fabricated metal–insulator–semiconductor diodes are analysed and possible mechanisms are discussed.     

GaN基白光LED的结温测量

用正向电压法、管脚法和蓝白比法等三种方法测量GaN基白光LED的结温,获得了较为准确的结温,误差可以控制在4℃以内.正向电压法在恒定电流的条件下,得到了正向电压与结温的线性关系;蓝白比法在不同环境温度和不同注入电流两种情况下,都得到了蓝白比与结温较好的线性关系.提出了蓝白比法可能的物理机制,提高环境温度和增大注入电流都会使结温升高,蓝光峰值波长也会改变,这两个因素都会影响荧光粉的激发和发光效率.降低结温需要考虑的主要因素有白光LED的接触电阻、串联电阻和外量子效率,封装材料的热导率,反射杯和管脚的设计,以及空气散热部分的散热面积等.     

The junction temperature and forward voltage relationship of GaN-based laser diode

In GaAs-based light-emitting diode (LED) or laser diode (LD), the forward voltage (V) will decrease linearly with the increasing junction temperature (T). This can be used as a convenient method to measure the junction temperature. In GaN-based LED, the relationship is linear too. But in GaN-based LD, the acceptor M _g in p-GaN material can not ionize completely at-room temperature, and the carrier density will change with temperature. But we find finally that, this change won’t lead to a nonlinear relationship of V-T. Our experiments show that it is Linear too.     

Micro-light-emitting-diode array with dual functions of visible light communication and illumination

We demonstrate high-speed blue 4 × 4 micro-light-emitting-diode(LED) arrays with 14 light-emitting units(two light-emitting units are used as the positive and negative electrodes for power supply, respectively) comprising multiple quantum wells formed of Ga N epitaxial layers grown on a sapphire substrate, and experimentally test their applicability for being used as VLC transmitters and illuminations. The micro-LED arrays provide a maximum-3-d B frequency response of 60.5 MHz with a smooth frequency curve from 1 MHz to 500 MHz for an optical output power of 165 mW at an injection current of 30 mA, which, to our knowledge, is the highest response frequency ever reported for blue Ga N-based LEDs operating at that level of optical output power. The relationship between the frequency and size of the device single pixel diameter reveals the relationship between the response frequency and diffusion capacitance of the device.