谈谈"理为工之本,工为理之用"--在高工院校教物理、建物理系的历史经验和体会

从建国以来，高等工业院校物理教师从事物理教育和科学研究的历史经验来看，一个十分重要的问题是要牢记“物理学是自然科学的主导”；“理为工之本、工为理之用”；“没有第一流的理学院，就没有第一流的理工学院”这三句话，并把它们作为指导思想，落实到从事物理教育和建设物理系的工作中去．     

Concepts of Time in Physics: A Synopsis

I summarize the historical development of concepts of time in physics from antiquity to the end of the twentieth century. Editors’ Note: Max Jammer received the American Physical Society/American Institute of Physics Abraham Pais Prize for the History of Physics for 2007, “For his groundbreaking historical studies of fundamental concepts in physics, including his comprehensive account of the development of quantum mechanics.” We publish here his Pais Prize Lecture, which was presented at the APS meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, on April 16, 2007.     

强化物理思想,展现物理学之美——首届全国高等学校物理基础课程青年教师讲课比赛心得

2014年夏有幸参加了首届＂高等教育杯＂全国高等学校物理基础课程青年教师讲课比赛决赛,并取得了第一名的成绩.比赛结束后,我认真思考这么多年的教学历程,有了一些心得体会,拿来与大家共享.我认为基础物理教学青年教师的成长离不开优秀团队的支持,必须多方面汲取营养以开拓自己的视野;而基础物理教学内容则必须强调物理思想淡化数学计算,认识物理学之美培养学生物理思维.     

"进展的物理"对物理教育的挑战

与我国的情形相类似，英国16岁以上学生选学物理的人数逐年下降．“进展的物理”正是英国物理学会(the Institute of Physics)为吸引更多16岁以上学生学习物理而开发的当代物理课程．文章介绍了这一高中物理课程改革的时代背景和基本理念、全新的课程内容和结构、新颖的学习方式和评价模式，试题的形式和例子，对我国正在进行的中学及大学物理课程改革有一定的参考借鉴作用．     

Mildred Dresselhaus and Solid State Pedagogy at MIT

Mildred Dresselhaus is known for her influential research on the physics of carbon. Her wide‐ranging influence as a physics teacher, although well‐known to her students, has been less thoroughly examined. Exploring how Dresselhaus grew into her role teaching solid state physics at MIT reveals much about how that subfield evolved.     

把物理学史引入大学物理实验教学的研究

结合目前大学物理实验教学的现状,研究将物理学史引入大学物理实验教学,以提高大学物理实验教学质量,充分发挥物理学史的科学素质教育功能,更好地培养学生的动手能力、思维能力和科学创新能力。     

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes: Master of Experimental Technique and Quantitative Research

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926), born a century and a half ago, was a major protagonist in the so-called Second Golden Age of Dutch Science. He devoted his career to the emerging field of low-temperature physics. His particular concern was to test the theories of his older compatriot Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923) by creating a style of research that was characterized by meticulous planning, precise measurement, and constant improvement of techniques and instruments. He made numerous contributions to low-temperature physics, but I focus on his liquefaction of helium, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1913, and on his discovery of superconductivity. He became known internationally as le gentleman du zéro absolu.     

杰出的物理学家阿伯拉罕·派斯和他的物理学史著作

评述了阿伯拉罕·派斯的生平及其在理论物理学和物理学史上的贡献 ,介绍了他的著作InwardBound的新出版的中译本《基本粒子物理学史》 .     

我国医学物理工作者的任务

医学中的物理学问题涉及把物理学的概念、理论和方法应用于人类疾病的预防、诊断、治疗和康复的全过程．因此，由物理学和医学结合而形成的医学物理学科必须按照一个一级学科规范要求做出定义，使得这个专业的学生能够在与其他学科大体相当的时间内完成学业，成为这方面的专门人才．世界上50多年来形成并快速发展的医学物理学科已经定义了自己的学科范围和内容，人们可以从中获得启发．现在世界医学物理学的主流仍然是医学影像物理学和肿瘤放疗物理学，但是物理学的各个分支学科都已经和正在形成与医学结合的新的发展方向．很多新技术，例如超声技术、激光技术、纳米材料技术、电磁波技术、磁共振技术、同位素技术、光源和射线探测技术等等，也都是医学物理学科中广泛使用的关键技术．文章从医学的需求角度，把医学中的物理问题归纳为诊断、治疗、医疗装置和医学软件四个方面，并由此分析了医学物理工作的任务．     

从高中物理课选修情况看执行大学物理课程教学基本要求的意义

介绍在北京邮电大学新生中进行高中物理课程选修情况的调查统计结果,从中可以看到大学物理课程执行《非物理类理工学科大学物理课程教学基本要求》的必要性.     

厚积薄发,团队互助,以竞赛成果促教学创新——首届全国高等学校物理基础课程青年教师讲课比赛参赛感想

我有幸参加了在四川成都举办的第一届全国基础物理课程教学青年教师讲课比赛.这次比赛使我认识到了自己教学中的不足,加深了对大学物理课程的理解和把握,而对其他高校青年教师的讲课观摩以及赛前赛后的交流沟通,也为我们提供了许多可供学习和借鉴的教学经验,为未来的教学工作提供了思索和拓展的空间.从这次比赛我体会到：（1）厚积薄发,扎实的物理基础和系统的科研培训是讲好课的基础;（2）团队互助,集体的力量带动青年教师稳步成长;（3）以赛促教,讲课比赛快速提升青年教师教学水平.     

提高大学物理实验教学质量的思考

如何提高大学物理实验教学质量是高校物理教师必须考虑的问题,本文根据实际教学实践,主要从深化大学物理实验教学方法改革、增加部分教学内容;从加强学生和教师对大学物理实验课程重要性的认识及实施多元化的考核制度三个方面,探讨了提高大学物理实验教学质量的思路。     

在大学物理实验中开展双语教学的探索

从可行性与优势、目标与内容、模式与方法等几个方面阐述在大学物理实验课中开展双语教学的探索．     

基于物理学史进行创新性思维培养的教学探索

在充分开发物理学史教学资源的基础上,综合运用思维导图等思维训练工具,构建了“用有趣的科学探索导入课程,用缜密的逻辑思维贯穿课程,用巧妙的研究方法主导课程,用清晰的思维导图巩固课程”的教学模式.在基础物理教学中培养学生的创新性思维,为新工科背景下基础物理教学的改革创新提供了一种思路和方法.     

The Physical Tourist Physics in Glasgow: A Heritage Tour

I trace the history of the physical and applied sciences, and particularly physics, in Glasgow. Among the notable individuals I discuss are Joseph Black (1728–1799), James Watt (1736–1819), William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–1872), William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824–1907), John Kerr (1824–1907), Frederick Soddy (1877–1956), John Logie Baird (1888–1946), and Ian Donald (1910–1987), as well as physics-related businesses.The locations, centering on the city center and University of Glasgow, include sites both recognizable today and transformed from past usage, as well as museums and archives related to the history and interpretation of physics.     

海森伯与中国物理学界

著名物理学家海森伯曾于1929年访华,旋即被聘为中央研究院物理所名誉研究员,成为中国近代物理学史上第一个获此荣誉的外籍学者.文章对他来华的具体时间作出推断,述及其与早期中国物理学界某些人士的因缘.     

The Historical Roots of ‘‘Foundations of Quantum Physics’’ as a Field of Research (1950–1970)

The rising interest, in the late 20th century, in the foundations of quantum physics, a subject in which Franco Selleri has excelled, has suggested the fair question: how did it become so? The current answer says that experiments have allowed to bring into the laboratories some previous gedanken experiments, beginning with those about EPR and related to Bells inequalities. I want to explore an alternative view, by which there would have been, before Bells inequalities experimental tests, a change in the views shared by physicists concerning the intellectual status of that issue. I will take three cases which will serve as the threads of our story: the connections between Bohms causal interpretation and Bells inequalities; Wigners ideas on the measurement problem; and finally Everetts relative states formulation. In the end, I will discuss how those threads were gathered together by creating foundations of quantum physics as a field of research.     

Knotting the MECO Network

The Conferences of the Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics (MECO) were created as an attempt to establish and maintain an exchange between scientists in the fields of statistical and condensed matter physics from Western and Eastern countries, overcoming the hurdles of the Iron Curtain. Based on personal remembrance and historical resources, the genesis and further development of MECO meetings is described. The annual meetings were interrupted in 1991 by the Yugoslav War but were re-established in 1993 and continue today. Although the fall of the Iron Curtain and the European Research programs changed the situation for the meetings considerably, the ties created by MECO still are useful to help scientific exchange. The history of European (and not only) statistical physics and the history of the MECO are tightly intertwined. It started in a time where an essential breakthrough has been achieved in statistical physics describing the features near phase transitions. In addition to the merging of solid-state physics and field theory concepts, the application of numerical methods (Monte Carlo methods) added a new pillar besides exact solutions and experiments to check theoretical models. In the following, the scientific emphasis (in general) has changed from the traditional fields of the first MECO to complexity and interdisciplinary themes as well.     

The Uncertain Limits Between Classical and Quantum Physics: Optical Dispersion and Bohr's Atomic Model

It is commonplace to recount the history of quantum physics on the basis of phenomena that have found no satisfactory explanation in the context of so‐called classical physics. This is the case of, for example, blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, specific heats, and series of spectral lines. This story goes in another direction: new knowledge about quantum physics not only emerged from the need to explain new phenomena that conflicted with old theoretical structures, but also from the attempts to provide a quantum explanation of phenomena, like optical dispersion, which for a long time had found a very convincing explanation in old physical models, such as the resonance model. The boundary between classical and quantum domains of knowledge was not fixed a priori, but historically negotiated in the context of specific problems, including the problem of optical dispersion.