动能歧视(KED)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定贵州沉积型稀土矿中16种稀土元素

贵州沉积型稀土矿主要含有高岭土-锐钛矿石等矿物,存在高含量Si、Al、Fe、Ti、Zr等难溶基体元素,采用高压密闭微波消解法处理难以将其完全溶解,易使测定结果偏低,需再次消解或进一步电热板敞开酸溶处理,方法耗时长,不利于大批量样品检测需求。同时电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)在测定稀土元素时存在基体效应和质谱干扰,影响了检测数据的准确性。本文采用过氧化钠熔融分解样品,熔融物冷却后引入三乙醇胺溶液,在碱性溶液中,大量基体元素与三乙醇胺形成稳定配合物,并与大量溶剂钠盐存于溶液中,稀土元素与Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba等留存于沉淀,经过滤,实现稀土元素与大量基体元素分离,随后沉淀用(1+1)硝酸复溶,并以103Rh和185Re为在线注入内标协同降低基体干扰;启用动能歧视(KED)模式以降低测定过程中潜在的质谱干扰。实验结果表明:高压密闭微波消解法消解液浑浊有残渣,溶矿耗时长,测试结果偏低,碱溶法酸化后溶液清亮透明,稀土元素测定值准确性高;经条件试验,采用10%三乙醇胺溶液提取能较大降低基体干扰;启用KED模式可降低测定过程中的质谱干扰,且准确度优于STD模式;碱溶法方法检出限为0.008μg/g~0.049μg/g,测定下限为0.034μg/g~0.195μg/g,相对标准偏差RSD在0.78%～10.2%之间,相对误差RE在0.0225%~13.5%之间。经实际样品验证,碱熔法较适用于贵州沉积性稀土矿中16种稀土元素的测定。     

离子吸附型稀土矿中浸出相稀土元素含量的浸取方法研究

将风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿原矿样品加工至0.149 mm,使用35 g/L硫酸铵溶液(pH为4.0)作为浸取剂,提取浸出相稀土元素. 考察了提取浸出相稀土元素时,样品粒度、浸取剂浓度及用量、浸取剂酸度、浸取方式、浸取时间等条件的影响,确定最佳试验条件,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样品溶液中浸出相稀土的总量及分量. 试验结果表明:采用静态浸取方式浸取30 min,固液比为1∶10,能有效提取浸出相稀土元素. 各稀土元素的方法检出限为0.006 5~0.160 0 μg/g,测定下限为0.035~0.520 μg/g,精密度为1.34%~5.65%,加标回收率为96.0%~102.0%. 结果准确可靠,方法完全满足矿产地质勘查要求.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铝钪合金中的稀土元素

通过酸溶快速分解铝钪合金,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铝钪合金中的La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Y,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu 15种稀土元素。对样品的前处理方式,仪器的工作条件,内标浓度等条件进行了考察。以103Rh,185Re作为内标校正铝的基体效应,考察了稀土元素的质谱干扰。在优化条件下各个元素的方法检出限为0.01~0.07μg/g,通过加标回收试验测得15个元素的回收率为96%~124%,相对标准偏差为0.74%~7.5%。     

-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硅锰冶炼渣中8种金属元素

实验采用HCl-HNO₃-HF-HClO₄混合酸为消解体系对样品进行前处理,加入1.0 mL盐酸羟胺溶液(100 g/L)溶解残渣,选择合适的同位素,以¹⁰³Rh为内标测定Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Cd,以¹⁹³Ir为内标测定Tl和Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定硅锰冶炼渣中8种重金属元素的方法。实验发现,样品前处理选择HCl∶HNO₃∶HF∶HClO₄=5∶5∶5∶1,并在复溶阶段加入1.0 mL盐酸羟胺溶液(100 g/L)可以完全消解样品,实验采用KED模式和干扰系数校正法消除质谱干扰,样品中待测元素的测定结果不受基体成分的干扰。通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.9999,方法检出限为0.006~0.19 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.018~0.57 mg/kg。对硅锰渣实际样品进行测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在0.83%~4.1%,加标回收率为94.7%~106%;经过人员比对实验,相对偏差为-4.54%~4.24%。测定结果稳定可靠,能满足硅锰冶炼渣中8种微量金属元素含量的分析检测要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素北大核心CSCD

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg^(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg^(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素

样品经硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸三酸消解后,以103 Rh为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中的15种稀土元素。采用标准物质制备工作溶液绘制校正工作曲线消除质谱干扰,通过控制样品的稀释因子消除非质谱干扰。各元素的线性范围为0.20~200mg·kg~(-1),检出限在0.03~0.09 mg·kg~(-1)之间。方法用于分析岩石标准物质,测定值与认定值的相对误差在-6.7%~8.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~5.9%之间。实际样品中15种稀土元素的测定值的相对标准偏差在3.8%~12%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中镉、锗、钴

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中镉、锗、钴含量的分析方法。样品用氢氟酸-硝酸混合溶液加热溶解,然后加热浓缩驱酸,再用硝酸溶液(1+1)复溶提取,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定。镉、锗、钴的含量分别在0.00~0.10,0.00~5.00,0.00~50.00 μg/g范围内与质谱峰强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限分别为0.01,0.02,0.02 μg/g。用该方法对国家一级标准物质进行测定,测定值的相对误差均小于10%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.79%~8.45%(n=12)。该方法样品处理过程简便,检测效率高,适用于批量地质样品中镉、锗、钴的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定富铼渣中的铼

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定富铼渣中铼含量的方法。对样品的酸密闭消解、碱熔解和测定铼的条件进行了研究。结果表明:于盐酸(10%)介质、227.525nm分析线处,铼测定浓度在0.20~50.00μg/mL线性良好;两种样品分解方法测得铼结果吻合,用于富铼渣样品中1.85%~3.66%铼含量的测定,检出限、相对标准偏差(RSD,n=22)和加标回收率分别为酸密闭消解法6.46×10-10μg/mL,0.69%~1.1%和99.95%~100.1%,碱熔解法6.49×10-10μg/mL,0.69%~1.1%和99.96%~100.3%。     

四酸溶矿-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铬铁矿中多种元素

建立了四酸溶矿-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定铬铁矿中铝、钙、镁、铁、钛、锰、钾、钠、钒、钴、镍的方法。本法在四酸溶矿基础上,用HClHCl O4除铬,使铬以氯化铬酰形式挥发除去,消除了铬在测定时对其它元素的干扰,同时弥补了碱熔时无法测定钾、钠的弊端。对试样的分解、铬干扰的消除、溶液中残存铬的影响及仪器参数进行了探讨研究。本法空白值低,检出限为1~48μg/g,方法 RSD(n=12)为0.93%~9.2%,相对误差为-8.2%~3.6%。通过一系列铬铁矿标准物质及实测样品进行方法验证,四酸溶矿测定值与碱熔的ICP-AES的测定值进行比对,结果均在误差范围内,满足地质矿产检测的要求。该法分析过程简单,避免了在溶矿过程中引入其它待测元素,因消除了铬的干扰,一套标准系列即可满足测试要求,实用性强,适合铬铁矿中钾、钠等元素的测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铼产品中的痕量钠

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高铼酸、高铼酸铵、铼粉中痕量钠的方法,对样品的预处理和测定钠的条件进行了研究。结果表明:水溶解法、硝酸溶解法或硝酸-硫酸溶解法溶解样品完全,测得钠的结果吻合;于选定条件下,钠的测定浓度在0.020 0~0.500 0μg/mL范围内线性良好;测定高铼酸、高铼酸铵和铼粉样品中0.27~0.47mg/L、0.000047%~0.00048%和0.000040%~0.00049%的钠含量,检出限、相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)、加标回收率分别为高铼酸3×10-4μg/mL、6%~10%、98%~102%,高铼酸铵3×10-4μg/mL、8%~9%、96%~102%和铼粉3×10-4μg/mL、5%~9%、96%~103%。方法结果准确、分析快速、操作简便,应用于实际的样品分析,结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.