碳纳米管-Mg65Cu25Gd10非晶复合材料玻璃转变的动力学性质

制备了Mg65Cu25Gd10大块非晶合金及其碳纳米管（CNTs）复合材料，对两种材料进行了不同扫描速率下的差热扫描量热分析，研究了加入CNTs对材料玻璃转变和晶化动力学效应的影响。结果表明：加入CNTs后，复合材料的玻璃转变和晶化行为仍然具有动力学效应，但加入的CNTs减小了材料晶化行为对升温速率的依赖程度；同时，加入CNTs加大了材料发生玻璃转变时需要克服的能量势垒，增大了峰值温度时的晶化反应速率常数，从而降低了材料的玻璃形成能力（GFA）；对CNTs降低GFA的原因也进行了探讨。     

Mg65Cu15Ag10Y10非晶合金的晶化动力学

采用DSC方法研究了Mg65Cu15Ag10Y10非晶态合金的晶化动力学. 结果表明, 在连续加热条件下, 随升温速度的加快, 特征温度Tg, Tx, Tp均向高温区移动, 其过冷液相区的宽度也逐渐增加. 利用Kissinger法得出合金的晶化激活能为134.8 kJ·mol-1;用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami方程描述合金的等温晶化过程, 在不同等温温度下计算得出的Avrami指数相差不大, 大约为2.7, 不同等温温度下, 合金的主要晶化过程是三维晶粒长大过程. 在Arrhenius方程的基础上, 得出合金的晶化激活能为206.3 kJ·mol-1, 并得到合金的阶段晶化激活能随晶化体积分数变化的关系曲线.     

流动注射化学发光法测定青霉胺

在酸性条件下高碘酸钠氧化过氧化氢产生弱发光,青霉胺的加入能大大增强此弱发光,据此,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定青霉胺的方法。该方法的线性范围为1．0×10^-6～8．0×10^-4mol·L^-1,检出限为5．6×10^-7mol·L^-1,对8．0×10^-5mol·L^-1的青霉胺进行7次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为1．9％。已应用于青霉胺片中青霉胺含量的测定,结果与中国药典法测得值一致。在青霉胺片中加入6×10^-5～2×10^-4mol·L^-1青霉胺标准进行回收试验,测得回收率在97．8％～104．4％之间。对化学发光反应的化学机理也作了简要探讨。     

米托葸醌分子印迹传感器的研究及其应用

在弱酸性条件下,以邻氨基酚为单体交联剂,米托蒽醌为模板分子,用循环伏安法电聚合成米托蒽醌分子印迹聚邻氨基酚敏感膜传感器。该传感器对米托蒽醌具有良好的选择性和敏感度,米托蒽醌浓度分别在3．3×10^-7～1．0×10^-5moL／L及1．0×10^-5～5．0×10^-5moL／L范围内与峰电流减小量呈线性关系,检测下限为1．6×10^-7moL／L,同时对分子印迹膜的结构和性能进行了研究。     

氯酚红分光光度法测定盐酸吡格列酮

在pH9.40的Britton-Robinson广泛缓冲溶液中,氯酚红与盐酸吡格列酮反应,形成离子缔合物,其最大褪色波长位于570 nm处,最大增色波长位于434 nm处。盐酸吡格列酮的浓度分别在1.3×10^-6-1.1×10^-5mol/L和1.5×10^-6-1.2×10^-5mol/L范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为4.29×10^4L.mol^-1.cm^-1和1.47×104L.mol^-1.cm^-1,检出限分别为3.50×10^-7mol/L和6.54×10^-7mol/L,回收率为100.8%-101.4%（血样）、99.3%-99.8%（混合样）、98.1%-98.6%（尿样）。方法已用于血样、尿样和混合样中盐酸吡格列酮测定。     

纳米金固定辣根过氧化物酶的碳纳米管修饰第3代过氧化氢传感器的研究

将纳米金吸附辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）固定在多壁碳纳米管（MWNT）修饰的铂（Pt）电极上,利用MWNT对HRP的直接电化学催化特性及纳米金对蛋白质的强吸附能力制备了第3代H2O2生物传感器。实验结果表明,HRP在MWNT／Pt电极表面能进行有效和稳定的直接电子转移,HRP保持了其对H2O2还原的生物电催化活性,而且能快速（3S）地响应H2O2浓度的变化。HRP在修饰电极上的表观吸附量（Tr）为7．3×10^-10mol／cm^2,异相电子转移常数（Ks）为1．23s^-1。该传感器在-300mV时对H2O2响应的线性范瑚为1×10^-5～1×10^-3 mol／L（r=0．9968,n=4）。     

吐温-40-高碘酸钾-过氧化氢化学发光体系测定中药五倍子中的单宁酸

基于单宁酸对过氧化氢和高碘酸钾溶液在温温-40存在下化学发光反应的增敏作用,结合流动注射技术,建立测定痕量单宁酸化学发光的方法,测定单宁酸的线性范围为5．0×10^-8～1．0×10^-5mol·L^-1;检出限为2．3×10^-1mol·L^-1;对于5.0×10^-6mol·L^-1单宁酸进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2．6％。对化学发光反应的机理也作了初步探讨。     

H2-受体拮抗剂的流动注射-化学发光分析方法的研究

碱性介质中K3Fe（CN）6与H2-受体拮抗剂发生氧化-还原反应产生化学发光,罗丹明6G可显著增强其发光信号,且强度与药物浓度呈良好的线性关系。据此,建立了采用K3Fe（CN）6-罗丹明6G体系测定制剂中H2-受体拮抗剂的流动注射-化学发光分析方法。在优化的实验条件下,西咪替丁在1.0×10^-9-7.0×10^-5g/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.6×10^-10g/mL;盐酸雷尼替丁在1.0×10^-9-5.0×10^-5g/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为8.7×10^-10g/mL;法莫替丁在5.0×10^-9-7.0×10^-5g/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.4×10^-9g/mL。通过对浓度为1.0×10^-6g/mL的3种H2-受体拮抗剂分别进行的11次平行测定,其RSD分别为4.0%,3.8%和2.9%。     

在线分子印迹-化学发光法对食品中苏丹红Ⅰ的测定

以苏丹红Ⅰ作模板分子,用悬浮聚合法制备出微米级苏丹红Ⅰ分子印迹聚合物并将其做成微固相萃取柱,直接安装在流动注射系统的八通阀上,对样品溶液中的苏丹红Ⅰ进行在线分离和富集;经甲醇和甲酸混合洗脱液（体积比2：1）在线洗脱后与酸性高锰酸钾发生化学发光反应。据此建立了在线分子印迹微固相萃取,高锰酸钾氧化苏丹红化学发光测定食品中苏丹红Ⅰ的新方法。结果表明,测定的苏丹红Ⅰ线性范围为1．0×10^-6～7．0×10^-4g／L,方法检出限（3仃）为3×10^-7g／L,11次平行测定1×10^-5g／L苏丹红Ⅰ溶液的化学发光强度相对标准偏差为2．0％。     

地塞米松磷酸钠的流动注射-化学发光分析法的研究

实验了地塞米松磷酸钠在K3Fe（CN）6-鲁米诺、KMnO4-鲁米诺、KIO4-鲁米诺、H2O2-鲁米诺体系中的化学发光现象。结果表明,地塞米松磷酸钠能够显著增强K3Fe（CN）6-鲁米诺体系和KMnO4-鲁米诺体系的化学发光强度,而在另外两个体系中没有增强作用。结合流动注射技术,分别在K3Fe（CN）6-鲁米诺体系和KMnO4-鲁米诺体系中建立了测定地塞米松的新方法。方法的线性范围分别为1.0×10^-7-1.0×10^-5g/mL和6.0×10^-8-1.0×10^-5g/mL,检出限分别为3.0×10^-8g/mL和2.0×10^-8g/mL,相对标准偏差分别为1.6%和1.9%（1.0×10^-6g/mL地塞米松,n=11）。此法已用于针剂和片剂样品的测定,结果与药典方法没有显著性差异。     

Electrochemical properties of Mg2Ni and Mg2Ni2 prepared by mechanical alloying

Crystallized Mg₂Ni and Mg₂Ni₂ amorphous alloys synthesized by mechanical alloying at room temperature were found to present first discharge capacities of 270 mAh/g and 500 mAh/g, respectively. These capacities decrease upon subsequent cycling to reach 30 mAh/g and 70 mAh/g after 60 charge/discharge cycles. The largest initial capacity, measured for the Mg₂Ni₂ composition, is ascribed to its amorphous nature, while its poor capacity retention upon cyding appears to originate from a fine Ni dispersion within the Mg/Ni matrix. This dispersion enables a better protection of the Mg against oxidation during cycling. We show, however, that this protection of Mg by Ni is not sufficient to avoid a strong corrosion of Mg in the KOH electrolyte during cycling, leading to the formation of Mg(OH)₂. Received: 8 October 1997 / Accepted: 20 January 1998     

Magnetism and hyperfine interactions in Gd2Ni2Mg

Gd₂Ni₂Mg was synthesised by reaction of the elements in a sealed tantalum tube in a high-frequency furnace. The structure was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction: Mo₂FeB₂ type, P4/mbm, a=743.8(1), c=375.3(1) pm, wR₂=0.0560, 256F² values, 12 variables. The Gd₂Ni₂Mg structure is an intergrowth of distorted AlB₂ and CsCl slabs of compositions GdNi₂ and GdMg. The magnetic phase transitions were studied by AC and DC magnetic susceptibility measurements and ¹⁵⁵Gd Mössbauer spectroscopy. Antiferromagnetic ordering is detected at T_N=49.00(5) K followed by two further transitions at T_f1=20.70(5) and T_f2=4.5(1) K, respectively. Non-vanishing second and third harmonic components of the induced voltage under application of a small AC magnetic field reveal the ferromagnetic nature of the second transition at T_f1. Below T_f1, Gd₂Ni₂Mg shows strong irreversibility between field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) DC magnetization and magnetic hysteresis behaviour.     

磁致冷材料钆硅锗系合金中Si和Gd的重量法联测的研究

参考了HClO4脱水重量法测定Si及草酸盐重量法测定Gd的方法,建立了钆硅锗系合金中主成分Si和Gd联合测定的方法,并详细考查了共存元素及杂质元素对测定的影响。合金共存元素Ge在HCl的存在下,绝大部分可以GeCl4的形式被蒸发,达到与被测元素分离的目的。熔样过程引入的杂质元素Ni可与被测元素Gd,用氨水沉淀分离,残留Ni不足以影响Gd的测定。方法回收率在98.5%以上,Si和Gd的测量相对标准偏差分别在2.6%~3.0%和0.4%~0.5%。     

偏硼酸钆镁:铈(Ⅲ)、铽(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)高显色性荧光粉的研制

用高温固相反应法合成了高显色性橙红粉(Gd，Ce，Tb)(Mg，Mn)B5O10，研究了硼酸用量、Tb／Ce比例、氢气浓度和灼烧温度等对合成产物发光性能的影响。实验表明，当硼酸过量8％、Tb／Ce≥2．5、氢气浓度≤10％、灼烧温度≥1000℃时，可制得发光亮度较高的高显色性橙红色荧光粉。为进一步探讨Tb，Mn的激活机制，制备了高显色性绿粉(Gd，Ce，Tb)MgB5O10和高显色性红粉(Gd，Ce)(Mg，Mn)B5O10作对比。研究表明，通过无辐射能量机制，Ce^3 能够有效地将吸收的紫外能量传递给Tb^3 ，Gd^3 作为能量传递过程中的中间体，其作用是增强Tb^3 的发光，即发生了“激发→Ce^3 →(Gd^3 )n→Tb^3 →发射”过程。此外，Mn^2 发光不能被Ce^3 直接敏化，也是通过Gd^3 作为中间体，发生Gd^3 →Mn^2 的能量传递。     

Substitution and liquid quenching effects on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of (Gd1-xTbx)12Co7

The influence of rapid quenching from the melt on the magnetic and magnetothermal properties of the (Gd_1-xTb_x)₁₂Co₇ samples has been investigated. The melt-spun (Gd_1-xTb_x)₁₂Co₇ alloys are observed to exhibit a ferromagnetic-like behavior and increased T_C values at low Tb concentration in comparison with crystalline counterparts. The amorphization is suggested to result in the appearance of a small magnetic moment on Co atoms in Gd-rich liquid-quenched alloys. In low magnetic fields, the melt-spun (Gd_1-xTb_x)₁₂Co₇ alloys with high Tb concentrations exhibit enhanced values of the isothermal entropy change and refrigerant capacity then the crystalline compounds of the same composition.     

Structure of Al83Cu17 eutectic melt doped with Ni

Structure of (Al_0.83Cu_0.17)_{1??? x} Ni _x liquid alloys has been studied at different temperatures by means of X-ray diffraction method. Structure factors and pair correlation functions are analysed. It is shown that the addition of Ni to Al_0.83Cu_0.17 eutectic melt results in the increase of chemical ordering in the topology of atomic distribution.     

Structure and properties of Gd4Pd10In21

Gd₄Pd₁₀In₂₁ was synthesized from the elements in a glassy carbon crucible in an induction furnace and investigated by X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction: C2/m, a = 2293.3(2), b = 444.49(3), c = 1934.3(1) pm, β = 133.00(1)°, wR2 = 0.0496, 1564 F² values, and 106 variable parameters. The five crystallographically independent palladium atoms have all a trigonal prismatic coordination. Together, the palladium and indium atoms build up a three-dimensional [Pd₁₀In₂₁] network in which the gadolinium atoms fill distorted pentagonal channels. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that Gd₄Pd₁₀In₂₁ orders antiferromagnetically at T_N = 14.2(1) K. Two further magnetic transitions were found at temperatures 11.8 and 6.4 K, respectively. Below T_irr = 10 K, strong irreversibility between ZFC and FC magnetic susceptibilities are observed. The zero-field specific heat measurements show a clear peak around the magnetic transition temperatures T_N. Measured quadrupole interaction constants by ¹⁵⁵Gd Mössbauer spectroscopy give estimations for the V_zz component of the electric field gradient tensor at both gadolinium sites in Gd₄Pd₁₀In₂₁.     

Thermochemistry of Gd2BaCuO5 and LuBa2Cu3Ox

Solution calorimetry, using 6.0 M HCl as a solvent, is used to study the thermochemistry of Gd2BaCuO5 and the high-temperature superconductor LuBa2Cu3O6.92. For the first time, the standard formation enthalpies of these phases have been determined as follows: DeltafH(o)(Gd2BaCuO 5, s, 298.15 K) = -2618.6 +/- 7.4 kJ/mol; DeltafH(o)(LuBa2Cu3O6.92, s, 298.15 K) = -2693.1 +/- 11.9 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic stability at room temperature has been assessed. The results show that Gd211 and Lu123 are thermodynamically stable with respect to binary oxides and unstable with respect to interaction with CO 2 at ambient temperatures. Lu123 is thermodynamically stable with respect to assemblages containing combinations of Lu2O3, CuO, and BaCuO2 and thermodynamically unstable with respect to interactions with water.     

Gd10C4Cl18 und Gd10C4Cl17, zwei Seltenerdmetall-Clusterverbindungen mit interstitiellen C2-Gruppen

Gd₁₀C₄Cl₁₈ and Gd₁₀C₄Cl₁₇, Two Lanthanoid Cluster Compounds with Interstitial C₂ Units The compounds Gd₁₀C₄Cl₁₈ ( I ) and Gd₁₀C₄Cl₁₇ ( II ) are prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of GdCl₃, Gd, and graphite in sealed tantalum tubes at 1070 ( I ) and 1 120 K ( II ). Single crystal investigations ( I : P2₁/c, Z = 2, a = 918.2, b = 1 612.0, c = 1 288.6 pm, β = 119.86°; II : P1 , Z = 1, a = 849.8, b = 917.4, c = 1 146.2 pm, α = 104.56°, β = 95.98°, γ = 111.35°) revealed the occurrence of novel Gd₁₀C₄Cl₁₈ clusters. The metal framework is formed by edge-sharing of two Gd₆ octahedra. These are centred by C₂ units (d_{C? C} = 147 pm) and Cl atoms bridge all available edges of the octahedra. The structure of I corresponds to a packing of such quasi molecular clusters, in II they are linked to chains via common Cl atoms. Both structures are discussed in terms of a model of close packed spheres as well as in the concept of condensed clusters.