多层纳米Au/DPO薄膜的荧光特性

在低压直流溅射沉积的纳米Au薄膜表面喷涂有机固体晶体2,5-二苯基恶唑（DPO）,制成具有（Au+DPO）单元结构的多层纳米薄膜。利用XRD表征多层纳米薄膜的晶体结构,通过SEM表征各层薄膜的表面形貌,并测试了多层纳米薄膜的紫外荧光特性。与纯DPO薄膜相比,多层纳米薄膜的紫外荧光峰出现了5 nm的蓝移,而且DPO荧光峰形貌发生改变。在多层膜中,DPO薄膜的荧光强度与薄膜层数成反比关系,而纳米Au膜的荧光强度与薄膜层数成正比关系。SEM与XRD测试结果表明,多层薄膜中的DPO薄膜随着薄膜层数的增加逐渐成为无定型结构。DPO薄膜与纳米Au膜相互作用,导致其晶体结构异于单层薄膜,进而改变了其荧光特性。     

金纳米棒标记HepG2人肝癌细胞的荧光成像及其AFM探测

金纳米棒具有独特的光学性质,在生物医学领域有着广泛而重要的应用前景.本文制备了长径比为8∶1的金纳米棒,其在480 nm波长激发下,在560 nm和707 nm波长处有两个荧光发射峰.基于金纳米棒的荧光性质,将其标记于HepG2人肝癌细胞表面,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对标记后的细胞进行荧光成像.在488 nm激发下,获...     

Fluorescence and absorption of polystyrene exposed to UV laser radiation

We show that when polystyrene is exposed (for 15–60 sec) to a UV laser light beam (λ = 248 nm), its absorption and luminescent properties change significantly. In the irradiated polymer, optical centers are formed with absorption bands in the 280–460 nm region and fluorescence bands in the 330–520 nm region. We have established the chemical structure of the optical centers for fluorescence of polystyrene. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 54–58, January–February, 2006.     

共焦扫描荧光显微镜的信噪比与信息量

在研制用于对厚的生物样品进行光学断层成像的共焦扫描荧光显微镜时，由于成像信号十分微弱及存在很强的多次散射作用，因此杂散光的抑制非常重要，而信噪比、信号背景比就成为决定能否获得高对比度、高分率图像的关键。运用光学信息量的概念，在已有的光学成像系统信息量计算、共焦扫描荧光显微镜信噪比及传递函数计算的基础上，详细分析了共焦扫描荧光显微镜信息量与信噪比等之间的定量关系。该关系表明，为了充分利用共焦扫描荧光显微镜的成像性能，必须选择适当的探测小孔。所得的结果对于共焦扫描荧光显微成像系统的研制有重要的实用价值。     

Excimer Fluorescence as a Tool for Monitoring Protein Domain Dynamics Applied to Actin Conformation Changes Based on Circulary Polarized Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) was introduced into the study of protein conformation changes. Actin was used as a model protein which undergoes dynamic conformation changes as it polymerizes. Actin labeled with N-(1-pyrene)iodoacetamide (PIA) showed monomer fluorescence peak at 386 and 410 nm, and excimer fluorescence peak at around 480 nm. Excimer was formed by PIA-dimers labeled to different sites of amino acid residues. New information concerned with actin structural changes were monitored by fluorescence emission spectra excited with left- and right-circulary polarized light at 355 nm. FDCD intensities were shown as the difference in the fluorescence emission ΔF, where ΔF=(F _L−F _R)/(F _L+F _R) denoting F _L and F _R as emissions obtained by excitation with left- and right-circulary polarized light. When solvent conditions of PIA-actin were changed by addition of NaCl, TFE, or ATP, ΔF showed sensitive responses to these compounds. From the analysis of ΔF _M and ΔF _E which represent the peaks of ΔF at the monomer- and excimer-emission band, the information concerned with the actin intrastructural changes were obtained. This method based on monitoring the excimer fluorescence with FDCD could be used for other proteins to extract finer structural changes that cannot be detected by the normal fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Conformational Flexibility of Cytokine-Like C-Module of Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Monitored by Trp144 Intrinsic Fluorescence

The non-catalytic COOH-terminal module formed after proteolytic cleavage of full-length mammalian tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase displays dual function: tRNA binding ability and cytokine activity. With the aim to explore the intramolecular dynamics of C-module in solution we used fluorescence spectroscopy to study conformational changes of isolated protein. We used information from fluorescence spectra and computational model for characterization of a microenvironment of a single tryptophan residue (Trp144). Its fluorescence parameters and protection from quenching by Cs⁺ ions indicate the internal localization—buried into protein globule. The fluorescence quenching of Trp144 by acrylamide suggests rapid conformation dynamics of the C-module in nanosecond time scale. The temperature-induced conformational changes in the C-module were monitored by the fluorescence measurements of Trp144 emission and by red-edge excitation shift. An emission maximum shift up to ∼349 nm and significant decrease of the red-edge shift effect at 37–52 °C indicated a major conformational transition of Trp144 from buried native state into highly relaxing polar solvent environment.     

一种数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜及其在竹红菌甲素研究中的应用

研制了一种可探测细胞微弱光图像的数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜，采用视频数字化增强型ＣＣＤ系统作为高灵敏度的接收系统，像增强器亮度增益为４１，０００，因而这种荧光显微镜可探测到普通荧光显微镜不能观察的微弱光图像，并可减少荧光物质的浓度和激发光的强度，减少对细胞自然生理环境的影响，数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜在给出细胞微弱荧光图像的同时，并可给出图像上每一像元的发光强度和细胞平均发光强度，使用此仪器已首次直接     

超高灵敏度荧光显微镜及其在生物学中的应用

介绍了在原有数字化高灵敏度荧光显微镜的基础上研制的超高灵敏度荧光显微镜,对荧光实现１０＾６数量级的增益,可获得细胞的光子灵敏显微图像,并结合图像融合技术,实现极微弱荧光图像的定位显示,采用具有视频速率的图像采集系统,可用于研究某区域荧光强度随时间变化的动力学过程。将该显微镜应用在生物医学领域的细胞凋亡的研究,观察到Ａｓ２Ｏ３诱导ＭＧＣ－８０３细胞调亡中ＣａＴ＾２＋浓度升高,预示着Ｃａ６２＋可能是由     

矿物油-乙醇溶液三维荧光光谱的实验研究

研究了矿物油-乙醇溶液的三维荧光光谱特性。通过空白扣除法消除了乙醇的拉曼散射对矿物油三维荧光光谱的影响,而采用将瑞利散射及其附近区域置零的方法去除了瑞利散射对矿物油三维荧光光谱的影响。经校准,矿物油的三维荧光光谱特征荧光峰表现为：煤油主要为一个宽峰,最大激发/发射荧光峰的位置在270/290 nm附近;0#柴油有两个峰,最大激发/发射峰分别位于240/344 nm和270/362 nm附近;润滑油存在多个荧光峰,其中两个比较强的最大激发/发射峰分别位于240/348 nm和258/358 nm附近。此外,还研究了矿物油的荧光光谱强度与浓度的关系,并对测量的灵敏度和检测限进行了分析。研究表明,利用三维荧光光谱特征测量可以实现低浓度矿物油的测定。     

随机扫描多光子荧光显微成像系统

多光子荧光显微成像是生物学研究的有力手段,但目前的成像速度难以满足神经成像中快事件检测的需要。针对这一问题,提出了一套随机扫描快速多光子荧光显微成像系统。系统采用二维声光偏转器快速扫描飞秒激发光束,能够以每点10μs的速度对特定的感兴趣区域进行跳跃式扫描,即随机扫描,使得有效的扫描速度大为提高。引入单棱镜补偿方法解决应用声光偏转器带来的色散问题。以170 nm荧光小球为样品,测得系统的横向分辨力为0.3μm,纵向分辨力为1.3μm。给出了随机扫描系统和商品化多光子荧光显微镜对同一个荧光细胞的成像结果,证明了新系统的成像能力。     

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Gold Nanoparticles

Diffusion dynamics of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The fluorescence was studied by exciting the particles by green laser (532 nm), which is far from longitudinal plasmon band of nanorods. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer were used to characterize the gold nanoparticles. Despite their low quantum yields, GNPs possess the native fluorescence. The excellent antiphotobleaching behavior of gold nanorods leads to prospects of using FCS for its detailed studies. Using FCS, dynamic information can be extracted from the fluorescence fluctuations in the system by autocorrelation function. Maximum entropy method (MEMFCS) was used to identify the number of distinct components present in the system. The particle sizes obtained from FCS were found to be higher (by few orders of magnitude) compared to TEM analysis. This might be due to the possible contributions from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capping in the system.     

Fluorescence Properties of Paracetamol During Interactions with Mitochondria

Paracetamol interaction with rat liver mitochondria in respiration media in the presence of succinate was the focus of this experiment. Fluorescence of paracetamol in water was studied by three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence fingerprint (SFF) and by excitation emission matrix (EEM). The direct molecular interactions of paracetamol and mitochondria were studied by fluorescence polarization technique. The paracetamol fluorescence maximum of SFF was Δλ = 110/λ_ex = 320 nm, F_max = 508 nm, and EEM maximum was λ_ex = (320 nm)/λ_em = 425 nm, F_max = 508. The fluorescence polarization results showed nonsignificant elevation of fluorescence polarization after addition of paracetamol into mitochondria in comparison to the control mitochondria group without paracetamol at time point t = 0. Paracetamol probably covalently bound to the mitochondrial surface proteins at time point t = 0, but paracetamol also entered mitochondria, which was observed as nonsignificant decline of fluorescence polarization during 30 min in the paracetamol-treated group. The practical advantages of spectral techniques (EEM, SFF, fluorescence polarization) are high sensitivity, reproducibility, minimal quantity of material, and capability to measure the mitochondrial autofluorescence.     

Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectra of Argon in a Grimm-Style Glow Discharge Tube

Two-photon excited laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of argon atom were successfully observed in a Grimm-style glow discharge tube, which has widely been applied to depth profiling of the elemental composition on various film-like samples by emission spectrometry. The LIF signal of an argon atomic line at 641.63 nm was observed when the glow discharge argon plasma was illuminated by a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser radiation of 7–10 mJ/pulse at 753.39 or 795.66 nm without focusing of the laser beam.     

含油岩心显微荧光成像光谱研究

发展了一种显微荧光光谱成像技术,并将其应用于天然岩心进行显微荧光成像光谱研究。利用这种技术同时采集含油岩心表面的荧光光谱信息和空间信息．并对获得的光谱图像给予光谱学和地质学解释。结果表明,不但能显示岩心形貌和组分的大致趋势,而且能揭示其精细细节．为石油地质研究提供了一种新方法,为今后的石油勘探开发工作提供了一种先进的指导手段。     

原子力显微镜加工红外微透镜阵列的研究

提出了利用原子力显微镜灰阶阳极氧化方法加工Si、Ge、GaAs等晶体材料为基础的红外微透镜阵列.加工了3×3的红外硅微透镜阵列,微透镜的高度和表面直径重复性误差分别为0.2nm和6.0 nm,微透镜的平均曲率半径为510.8 nm.分析了原子力显微镜加工红外微透镜产生面型结构误差的原因,并提出了减小面型结构误差的方法.利用此种方法加工的折射、衍射和混合红外微透镜阵列可以进一步缩小红外成像系统的尺寸.     

色氨酸的非线性分频荧光研究

色氨酸 (Trp)在 350nm处产生一个荧光峰 ,在 70 0nm处产生一个 (分频 )荧光峰 ,此两峰荧光强度F3 50nm 和F70 0nm 均与Trp浓度 ( 0～ 1× 10 -5mol·L-1 )成线性关系 ,随着Trp浓度增大 ,350和 70 0nm半峰宽(Δλ) 3 50 ,(Δλ) 70 0 缓慢减小 ,而F70 0nm/F3 50nm 值和半峰宽比 (Δλ) 70 0 /(Δλ) 3 50 为一常数 ,此两峰具有相似的荧光特性。根据建立的分频荧光能级原理和非线性共振分频荧光原理探讨了色氨酸分频荧光峰产生的原因     

Electrospun fluorescein/polymer composite nanofibers and their photoluminescent properties

Fluorescein/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofibers with different fluorescein loadings (with a weight concentration of 0-5.0%) are fabricated via electrospinning. Morphologies, structures and photoluminescent (PL) properties of these straight, helical or wavelike fibers are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy and a spectrophotometer. It is found that the maximum emission of the as-spun fluorescein/PVP fibers occurs at 510 nm. The PL intensity of the composite fiber increases with fluorescein concentration, then fluorescence quenching appears when the concentration reaches 1.67%. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of fluorescein is discussed. In addition, the composite fibers exhibit a much stronger PL intensity than fluorescein/PVP bulk film owing to larger specific surface area, which makes them promising materials for biomedical applications such as probes and sensors.     

A New Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor for Oxygen Based on Fluorescence Enhancement

A new method for the detection of low oxygen concentration is proposed here. The system is based on the principle of enhancement of fluorescence yield of tetraphenylporphine (TPP) dye at λ=656 nm when excited by He-Cd laser at λ =441 nm in the presence of oxygen. The sensor head was fabricated by cladding the ARTON fiber core with the poly-4-methy1-1-pentene polymer matrix doped with TPP. The experimental results obtained indicate a good enhancement in the fluorescence when the sensor head is exposed to oxygen. The response was found to be linear and stable in the range of (100 ppm-1%) with the resolution of 0.01%. The sensor response was characterized by studying its response for change in temperature and is discussed below.     

基于激光诱导荧光的溢油厚度定量检测实验研究

海上溢油油膜厚度的定量检测是实现溢油量准确估计的重要依据和手段,为制定石油污染应急响应提供了基础数据。本文基于激光诱导荧光（LIF）的方法以柴油（0# diesel）、机油（Mobil motor oil 20w-40）、润滑油（Shell Helix 15w-40,Shell Helix 10w-40,Shell Helix 5w-40）为研究对象,重点分析了油膜厚度-荧光发射强度关系,检出限以及油膜厚度在不同水体中定量检测的准确性。结果表明：0#柴油和美孚机油20w-60的荧光光谱特征与润滑油的光谱特征有明显不同,柴油的荧光峰位于326 nm其FWHM为60 nm,美孚机油20w-60则具有三个荧光峰分别位于360 nm/375 nm/390 nm其FWHM为100nm。三种润滑油（壳牌润滑油15w-40、壳牌润滑油10w-40、壳牌润滑油5w-40）的荧光光谱重叠明显,荧光峰分别位于334,344和343 nm且FWHM分别为75,45和50 nm。5种油膜的荧光强度均随油膜厚度的增加而增加,校正曲线的相关性分别为0.997 8,0.997 9,0.996 4,0.997 8和0.996 0,均具有较好的相关性,5种油膜检出限分别为0.03,0.02,0.02,0.03和0.05 μm,0#柴油在合成海水A和B中的平均相对误差为5.04%和8.73%,平均相对标准偏差分别为4.37%和8.36%,美孚机油20w-40在合成海水A和B中的平均相对误差为7.99%和9.97%,平均相对标准偏差为4.78%和6.23%。壳牌润滑油15w-40在合成海水A和B中的平均相对误差为8.54%和13.69%,相对标准偏差为5.05%和9.08%。壳牌润滑油10w-40在合成海水A和B中的平均相对误差为6.33%和12.38%,平均相对标准偏差为2.85%和7.92%。壳牌润滑油5w-40在合成海水A和B中的平均相对误差为4.28%和11.57%,平均相对标准偏差为3.56%和7.73%。可见5种油膜在不同水体中定量检测的平均相对误差均小于14%,平均相对标准偏差均小于10%,研究结果可以实现对薄油膜的测量,为海上油膜厚度的在线监测提供了技术手段。     

Fluorescence assay of tyrosine in blood plasma

A more simple and sensitive assay for the quantitative determination of tyrosine in blood plasma is developed on the basis of a modification of the method of S. Udenfriend (1962). A volume of 0.2 ml of plasma is used in the analysis; after its deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid, it is reacted with sodium nitride, nitrous acid, and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol at 65°C, and the content of the reaction product is measured by the fluorescence at λ_ex/λ_em=460/570 nm. The consumption of plasma and reagents is reduced by a factor of 5–10 compared to the original method; in addition, the stage of extraction with an organic solvent is excluded. The linear dependence of the fluorescence signal on the tyrosine concentration within the range of 2–60 μg/ml, high specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility of the assay are shown. The importance of tyrosine determination in monitoring of glucocorticoid therapy and protein catabolism is discussed. Institute of Photobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 27, Akademicheskaya St., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 366–371, May–June, 1998.