成果导向教育理念下的涂料配方设计课程教学改革和实践*

为了实现“涂料配方设计”课程的教学目标,将成果导向教育(Outcome-based education, OBE)理念引入涂料配方设计课程教学改革实践中,遵循以预期学习成果为中心来设计、组织、实施和评价教学的结构模式。首先根据本校涂料人才培养定位制定课程的预期学习成果;然后在预期学习成果的基础上优化教学过程,如对教学内容进行选择,同时在教学实施中强化学生的主体地位,并且通过教学方法的改革促进预期学习成果的达成;最后构建合理的预期学习成果评价体系。尽管将OBE理念引入涂料配方设计课程教学中取得了一些成效,但该体系的建设还有待于进一步改进和完善。     

2010年(暨第五届)“全国实验区高中化学新课程实施成果评比及交流活动”成果征集评选通知

由中国化学会化学教育委员会、北京师范大学化学教育研究所主办,中国化学课程网、《化学教育》编辑部、北京凌伊动力教育科技有限公司共同协办进行第五届“全国实验区高中化学新课程实施成果评比及交流活动”,并将于2010年4月在山东青岛举行成果交流大会。为此,特组织高中化学新课程实施成果的征集评选活动。征集成果范围和奖项设立如下：     

2008年(暨第三届)“全国实验区高中化学新课程实施成果评比及交流活动”成果征集评选通知

由中国化学会化学教育委员会主办,北京师范大学化学教育研究所、教育部课程发展中心“中国化学课程网”、《化学教育》编辑部承办第三届“全国实验区高中化学新课程实施成果评比及交流活动”。并将于2008年3月在福建厦门举行成果交流大会。为此,特组织高中化学新课程实施成果的     

化学专业生物化学课程教学内容和教学方法研究

本文是笔者在长期教学实践的基础上，对于化学专业生物化学课程教学内容和教学方法，研究的经济总结。其相关成果曾获陕西师范大学优秀教材一等奖及陕西省教学成果二等奖。     

2012年(暨第七届)“全国基础教育化学新课程(含初高中)实施成果评比及交流活动”成果征集评选通知

第七届"全国基础教育化学新课程(含初高中)实施成果评比及交流活动"由中国化学会化学教育委员会、北京师范大学化学教育研究所主办,由中国化学课程网、《化学教育》编辑部、北京正保网格和北京凌伊动力公司共同协办进行,并将于2012年4月在成都举行成果交流大会。为此,特组织基础教育化学新课程(含初高中)实施成果的征集评选活动。     

什么是热化学动力学

《什么是热化学动力学》一文,是中、外学者合作研究的成果,本文着重介绍了热化学动力学与有关化学分支的关系、研究内容、重要成果以及今后发展的前景。     

21世纪诺贝尔化学奖得主高龄化现象研究及对教育的启示

21世纪诺贝尔化学奖获奖者呈现出高龄化现象,统计分析发现诺贝尔化学奖得主获奖年龄呈上升趋势。对20世纪与21世纪诺贝尔化学奖得主取得主要学术成果的年龄进行统计分析,发现杰出化学家取得主要学术成果的年龄并没有发生变化。对典型高龄诺奖得主进行案例分析,发现诺奖认可成果时间的延长才是造成21世纪诺贝尔化学奖高龄化现象的直接原因,并试图从中总结对基础教育改革的一些启示。     

科技短波

建国以来规模最大的一次科技成果展览会—“七五”科技攻关成果展1991年8月21日在北京举办。这是对全国13万科技、工程技术人员五年联合攻关取得的1万多项成果的一次大检阅。其中50％以上达到国际80年代先进水平,4100多项填补了国内空白,80％的成果已推广应用,获得直接经济效益400多亿元。 (摘自《中国科学报》1991年8月20日)     

中国科学院嘉兴绿色化学工程中心

正中国科学院嘉兴绿色化学工程中心是由中国科学院成都有机化学研究所和浙江省嘉兴市人民政府于2007年共同出资成立的成果转移转化中心,工程中心重点开展节能环保技术与设备、绿色化工技术、新材料等领域的研发及成果孵化、推广应用、转移转化;为企业提供技术咨询和服务,为专业人才提供教育和培训。为加快成果产业化进程,2009年7月孵化成立产业化公司——嘉兴润博化工科技有限公司。     

中国科学院嘉兴绿色化学工程中心

正中国科学院嘉兴绿色化学工程中心是由中国科学院成都有机化学研究所和浙江省嘉兴市人民政府于2007年共同出资成立的成果转移转化中心,工程中心重点开展节能环保技术与设备、绿色化工技术、新材料等领域的研发及成果孵化、推广应用、转移转化;为企业提供技术咨询和服务,为专业人才提供教育和培训。为加快成果产业化进程,2009年7月孵化成立产业化公司——嘉兴润博化工科技有限公司。     

Cun、Agn和Aun(n≤9)团簇的静电极化率

The static polarizabilities and polarizability anisotropies of Cun,Agn and Aun (n≤9)clusters have been calculated by the B3LYP density functional method,which is a three parameter mixture of density functional and"exact" Hartree Fock exchange. The calculated results are compared with experimental polarizabilities of sodium clusters. It is shown that the size dependency of the static polarizabilities per atom of Cun,and Agn clusters possesses the same trend as that observed in sodium clusters exception of the Aunclusters while the polarizability of Au atom is much smaller than these of Cu and Ag.The(α-)of Au atom is the smallest and the(α-)per atom of Au approach to the values of Cu from the dimmer to the hexamer. It indicates that in Au clusters the electrons are more strongly attracted by the nuclei because of the more electrons. However,the absolute polarizabilities of the noble mental clusters are considerably smaller than those of the sodium clusters and the electronic structures of the noblemental are much more compact.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Effect of Ag on the Grain Growth and Dielectric Properties of PbTiO3

A series of Ag-PbTiO3 composites were synthesized, and the effects of silver on the morphological development of hydrothermal synthesized PbTiO3 particles and dielectric properties of PbTiO3 ceramic were investigated. Results show that the introduction of Ag benefits the crystal growth of PbTiO3. The diffusion of Ag+ into the perovskite accelerates the crystal growth of PbTiO3 and leads to large fine PbTiO3 crystal. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of PbTiO3-based ceramic was enhanced greatly by the percolation effect of inner Ag clusters.     

酞菁染料的金属化和溴化与光物理影响的研究

以α位(2,4-二特戊基)苯氧基邻苯二腈作为环合前体,制备了多种金属酞菁,产物经元素分析、紫外、红外、核磁氢谱等分析手段进行表征.并选择了部分酞菁进行溴化,其中着重研究了不同中心金属以及溴化对染料Q带吸收的影响.结果表明,酞菁染料的金属化对于其Q带吸收影响很大,多数染料金属化后会出现蓝移,而选择合适的条件进行溴化,可以使得金属酞菁的Q带吸收出现一定程度的红移,其中部分溴化金属酞菁的吸收波长与光信息产业中使用的近红外激光器很接近,具有潜在的实用价值.     

Development of enzyme technology and enzyme engineering in China

Enzymes have been utilized in China for thousands of years for the production of various foods and alcoholic beverages. Today China manufactures and uses enzymes for not only the traditional areas of application, but is expanding the use of enzymes for a variety of nonfood areas. This report describes the present state of the art of enzyme manufacture and application in China today.     

ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION OF ANILINE IN PHOSPHORIC ACID AND THE PROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE

The behavior of the electrochemical polymerization of aniline in a weak acid, phosphoric acid, is very similar to that in strong acids, i.e. its polymerization rate increases quickly with the electrolysis time. The FTIR spectra of polyaniline samples synthesized in phosphoric acid indicate that the counter ion H2PO4^- is present in both the oxidized form and the reduced form of polyaniline. The counter ion plays an important role in adjusting the pH value at the electrode surface of polyaniline during the oxidation and reduction processes. As a result, a pair of redox peaks still appear in cyclic voltammograms of polyaniline in a solution of sodium sulfate of pH 5.5 and in a solution of NaH2PO4 of pH 7.0,respectively, at low potential scan rate; and the color of polyaniline film also changes with applied potential at pH 7.0. Thus,the pH region for the electrochemical activity and the electrochromism of polyaniline is extended to pH 5.5 for a solution of sodium sulfate and to pH 7.0 for a solution of NaH2PO4. The conductivity of polyaniline is 3.3 S cm^-1, depending on the concentration of phosphoric acid used in the stage of polymerization of aniline. The result of elemental analysis of polyaniline is presented here.     

Thermodynamics of dissolving and solvation processes for benzoic acid and the toluic acids in aqueous solution

Experimental data are presented for the solubility in water of benzoic and toluic acids from 5° to 65°C. From the solubility the molality of the monomeric form of the acid is calculated using literature data for both ionization and dimerization of the acid. These data for the monomer combined with data from the literature for vaporization of the solid and ionization in both the gas phase and the aqueous phase yield entropy and enthalpy changes for the solvation of molecular and anionic forms of the acid. A similar procedure is also applied to literature data for the solubility of benzene in water. It is shown that the hydration entropies of the monomeric forms are a linear function of their partial molar volumes. It is concluded that hydration of the undissociated o-toluic acid may be crucial to the increased acidity of that acid compared to benzoic acid.     

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL BY γ-RAY IRRADIATION

Hydrogels have been synthesized from 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% aqueous solutions of acrylamide monomer by gamma radiation employing doses in the range of 0.2-30 kGy from a Co-60 source. The effect of solution concentration, γ-ray dose, pH and time was studied in order to observe the optimizing conditions in the characterization of hydrogels. Gel fraction increases with dose for all concentrations indicating hundred-percentage conversion of gel at doses ≥5 kGy for homogenous solutions in the range of 20%-50% concentration. On the other hand, 10% solution provides conversion less than 86% even at 30 kGy, whereas 60% monomer makes an inhomogeneous solution which stile gives about 100% gel fraction. Swelling of hydrogels under water with respect to time varies with both the doses and concentrations due to the change of crosslinking density in the gels. The maximum volume change of hydrogels during swelling and water desorption mainly occurs within 24 h. Swelling is also enhanced with the rise of pH due to change of ionic content of the solvent. Considering the amount of gel fraction and the properties of hydrogel, the samples prepared from 20% solution at 5kGy show better results. Moreover, the effect of bacteria on hydrogel was found to be nil, suggesting a prohibition of growth of microorganism in it.