长链烷氧基取代金属卟啉／H2O2体系催化烯烃环氧化反应研究

长链烷氧基取代金属卟啉／Ｈ_２Ｏ_２体系催化烯烃环氧化反应研究肖友发，游劲松，余孝其，虞小华，蓝仲薇（四川大学化学系成都６１００６４）关键词长链烷氧基金属卟啉，过氧化氢，烯烃，环氧化反应具有疏水结合部位的金属卟啉，如甾体一金属卟啉［１］、环糊精一金属卟...     

Effect of Phenyl CI Substituent Position on the Catalytic Performance for Olefin Epoxidation of Tetraphenylmetalloporphyrins

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四（2,6-二氯苯基）铁（锰）卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁（锰）卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ（TDCPP）Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP〉T（p-Cl）PP〉TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

金属卟啉催化环己烷羟基化反应中环己酮的形成机理研究

单金属卟啉和双金属卟啉催化下PhIO常温氧化环己烷的羟基化反应中金属卟啉结构和反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间等环境因素对产物酮含量及酮形成反应动力学的影响进行了系统研究, 并与金属卟啉催化下PhIO氧化环己醇的反应进行了对比, 提出了金属卟啉催化下环己烷羟基化反应中产物酮的形成机理。     

金属卟啉催化环己烷羟基化反应中环己酮的形成机理研究

单金属卟啉和双金属卟啉催化下PhIO常温氧化环己烷的羟基化反应中金属卟啉结构和反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间等环境因素对产物酮含量及酮形成反应动力学的影响进行了系统研究, 并与金属卟啉催化下PhIO氧化环己醇的反应进行了对比, 提出了金属卟啉催化下环己烷羟基化反应中产物酮的形成机理。     

铜离子配位甲烷氧化菌素功能化纳米金模拟过氧化物酶的研究

合成了纳米金-甲烷氧化菌素(Mb)-铜配合物,该配合物可以作为模拟过氧化物酶用于催化过氧化氢氧化对苯二酚的反应.通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱对纳米金-甲烷氧化菌素(Mb)-铜进行了表征.利用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了配合物催化过氧化氢氧化对苯二酚的动力学.考察了体系p H、体系温度及过氧化氢/催化剂摩尔比对催化反应速率的影响.结果表明纳米金-甲烷氧化菌素(Mb)-铜配合物符合生物催化剂条件影响的一般规律,但比生物酶具有更高的热稳定性.     

水溶性金属卟啉类过氧化氢酶的催化活性研究

过氧化氢酶与血红蛋白、肌红蛋白一样,统属于血红蛋白质,具有相同的活性部位——铁卟啉,因此金属卟啉作为生物酶模拟的研究有着重要意义和广阔的应用前景。我们曾报道水溶性金属卟啉修饰的阴离子交换树脂类过氧化氢酶的催化活性。本文应用光谱法,通过测量反应(1)生成的醌型染料,进一步研究了Fe—TPPS作为类过氧化氢酶的均相催化活性,得到了较满意的结果。     

高分子负载Mn（Ⅲ）卟啉／PhIO体系催化烯烃环氧化反应研究

研究了负载化金属卟啉催化烯烃环氧化反应的催化活性，探索了催化反应体系中轴向配体、溶剂、锰卟啉在高分子上的担载量及反应温度等对催化反应的影响．结果表明，金属卟啉负载化后，增大了催化剂的稳定性．本文还考察了负载化催化剂对苯乙烯催化环氧化反应的动力学行为，根据Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ方程，求得了相关的动力学参数     

金属卟啉与过渡金属盐分步催化四氢萘合成α-四氢萘酮及反应机理

对以四氢萘为原料制备α-四氢萘酮的工艺进行了研究. 反应分两步进行: 首先以金属卟啉为催化剂催化空气氧化四氢萘,得到主要成分为α-四氢萘过氧化氢和α-四氢萘酮的氧化产物;然后以过渡金属盐为催化剂,将氧化产物中的α-四氢萘过氧化氢定向分解为α-四氢萘酮. 结果表明,四氢萘的金属卟啉催化氧化产物主要是α-四氢萘过氧化氢和α-四氢萘酮,仅得到微量的α-四氢萘醇. 含过渡金属CuⅠ和FeⅡ离子的盐类可以高选择性地将四氢萘氧化产物中α-四氢萘过氧化氢定向转化为α-四氢萘酮, FeⅡ离子的活性最高. 详细考察了不同金属卟啉及其浓度、温度对催化氧化四氢萘的影响;考察了不同金属离子及其浓度、温度对分解过程的影响. 对金属卟啉的催化氧化机理及过渡金属离子分解α-四氢萘过氧化氢机理进行了探讨.     

金属卟啉自氧化反应研究

金属卟啉能在温和条件下催化PhIO、H_2O_2和NaClO等氧化剂对烷烃和烯烃的单充氧反应,但在这些氧化剂存在下,金属卟啉本身存在自毁灭现象而失去催化活性,关于金属卟啉的自毁灭现象,尚无文献详细报道,我们发现,这一现象实际上是金属卟啉在氧化剂作用下发生的自氧化反应,为了系统地研究并控制金属卟啉的自氧化反应,我们合成了9种不同结构的金属卟啉(图1),从动力学上对它们的自氧化反应进行了考察,研究发现,铁和铬卟琳的自氧化反应在动力学上为二级反应,锰卟啉为一级反应;卟啉环上的取代基,无论是吸电子基还是供电子基都使反应速度加快;但在反应体系中加入中性有机配体,能抑制金属卟啉的自氧化速度,氧化剂的能力越强,反应速度越快;溶剂的极性越小,反应速度越慢。     

苯环上氯取代位对四苯基金属卟啉催化烯烃环氧化性能的影响

以苯乙烯、环己烯和反式二苯乙烯为烯烃底物,以双氧水、叔丁基过氧化氢和异丙苯过氧化氢为氧化剂,以苯环上对位和邻位氯取代的四苯基金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,对烯烃的催化环氧化反应进行了对比研究.讨论了不同氯取代位的四苯基金属卟啉对烯烃环氧化性能的影响.实验结果表明,在没有助催化剂存在下,邻位氯代的四(2,6-二氯苯基)铁(锰)卟啉对烯烃的环氧化具有优异的催化性能,烯烃底物的转化率和环氧选择性都比对位氯代的四苯基铁(锰)卟啉高,且反应条件温和.其中FeⅢ(TDCPP)Cl的催化性能最好,环氧化选择性最高,催化氧化苯乙烯时,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达到了90.4%.相同金属离子不同配体的金属卟啉传递氧原子的能力为TDCPP>T(p-Cl)PP>TPP.氧化剂的结构对环氧化物的选择性有较大影响.过氧键连有吸电子基团的异丙苯过氧化氢对环氧化物的选择性最高.根据实验结果,对金属卟啉催化环氧化机理进行了分析.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.