毛细管区带电泳化学发光法测定食品中残留的磺胺类药物

基于碱性介质中,磺胺类药物对Ag(Ⅲ)配合物与鲁米诺(Luminol,Lu)化学发光体系的发光强度有抑制作用,建立了毛细管电泳-化学发光分离检测磺胺甲噁唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(Sulfadimethoxine,SDM)、磺胺噻唑(Sulfathiazole,ST)的方法.3种磺胺类药物经毛细管电泳分离后,分别与Ag(Ⅲ)配合物和鲁米诺化学发光体系作用,以相对迁移时间定性,相对化学发光强度定量,采用标准曲线法测定样品中的待测物含量.对影响毛细管电泳的分离与化学发光检测的条件均进行了优化.在最佳分离检测条件下,3种磺胺类药物在2.0 ～ 200 μg/mL范围内线性良好(r＞0.9977).对3种磺胺类药物平行测定7次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3％～1.9％,3种磺胺类物质的检出限分别为0.33,0.20和0.034 μg/mL,加标回收率为80.2％ ～ 102.9％.将本方法应用于猪肉、鸡肉、牛奶中的3种磺胺类药物残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

新的化学发光体系测定铜

研究了水杨酸 (R)与Cu(Ⅱ )配合物 (CuR2 2 -)催化H2 O2 氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光反应 ,最低检出限为 6 .6×10 -11g/mL ,工作曲线线性范围为 1× 10 -10 ～ 1× 10 -7g/mL ,在检测 0 .1μgCu(Ⅱ )的浓度时的相对标准偏差 (RSD)为2 .7% .铜配合物化学发光法检测病毒灵片剂 (盐酸吗林胍片 )中微量铜时快速地得到准确的结果     

Ni(Ⅳ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光新体系测定饲料中的磺胺脒

磺胺脒对Ni(Ⅳ)配合物-鲁米诺发光新体系有显著抑制作用,由此建立了Ni(Ⅳ)配合物-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光体系测定磺胺脒的新方法。在优化条件下,磺胺脒在6.0×10-7~6.0×10-6mol/L浓度范围内与体系的相对发光强度呈良好线性关系,方法检出限(3σ)为2.4×10-10mol/L。取2.4×10-6mol/L磺胺脒进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%。方法用于饲料中磺胺脒含量的测定,结果满意。     

银（III）配合物-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光新体系测定肾上腺素

儿茶酚胺是一类非常重要的神经递质,在人体的心血管系统、神经系统、内分泌腺、肾脏、平滑肌等组织系统的生理活动中起着广泛的调节作用。肾上腺素为儿茶酚胺的一种,建立灵敏、高效的肾上腺素检测技术具有重要的临床意义。本文将银（Ⅲ）配合物与鲁米诺组成新的流动注射化学发光体系,利用碱性介质中肾上腺素对三价银配合物－鲁米诺化学发光体系有明显的增强效应来测定肾上腺素的含量,并据此建立了高效测定肾上腺素的流动注射化学发光新方法。在优化的条件下,该方法测定肾上腺素的线型范围为1.0×10－9～1.0×10－7 mol L-1,检出限为8.0×10－10 mol L-1,对1.5×10－8 mol L-1肾上腺素11次平行测定,其相对标偏差为2.9％。利用建立的分析方法测定了药物肾上腺素,并对三价银－鲁米诺化学发光新体系测定肾上腺素的反应机理进行了讨论。     

Ag（III）-鲁米诺化学发光体系对泼尼松龙的测定研究

建立了应用Ag(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系检测泼尼松龙的方法。在碱性介质中,泼尼松龙可以改变Ag(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系的光信号,一定范围内,其浓度与光信号的减弱程度呈线性关系。于最优条件下,该方法的线性范围是2．0×10-9~1．0×10-7 mol·L-1和2．0×10-7~1．0×10-6 mol·L-1,检出限为5．0×10-10mol·L-1。对2．0×10-8mol·L-1与6．0×10-7mol·L-1的泼尼松龙进行平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差分别为1．1%与1．5%。该方法用于醋酸泼尼松龙注射液的测定,回收率为98．0%~101%。本方法具有快速、简便、准确的特点,适用于泼尼松龙新剂型药代动力学的研究,也可应用于泼尼松龙其他剂型的检测。     

Ag(Ⅲ)-鲁米诺化学发光体系对泼尼松龙的测定研究

建立了应用Ag(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系检测泼尼松龙的方法。在碱性介质中,泼尼松龙可以改变Ag(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系的光信号,一定范围内,其浓度与光信号的减弱程度呈线性关系。于最优条件下,该方法的线性范围是2.0×10-9~1.0×10-7mol·L-1和2.0×10-7~1.0×10-6mol·L-1,检出限为5.0×10-10mol·L-1。对2.0×10-8mol·L-1与6.0×10-7mol·L-1的泼尼松龙进行平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差分别为1.1%与1.5%。该方法用于醋酸泼尼松龙注射液的测定,回收率为98.0%~101%。本方法具有快速、简便、准确的特点,适用于泼尼松龙新剂型药代动力学的研究,也可应用于泼尼松龙其他剂型的检测。     

银(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺体系流动注射法测定醋酸泼尼松

在碱性环境下,银(Ⅲ)配合物可与鲁米诺产生化学发光,醋酸泼尼松对该发光体系具有显著的增敏作用,据此提出了流动注射银(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定醋酸泼尼松含量的方法。优化的试验条件如下:1鲁米诺溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为0.6mol·L-1;2鲁米诺溶液的浓度为8.0×10-7 mol·L-1;3银(Ⅲ)配合物溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为1.7mol·L-1;4银(Ⅲ)配合物溶液的浓度为5.0×10-5 mol·L-1。醋酸泼尼松的线性范围为6.0×10-8~8.0×10-5 mol·L-1,方法的检出限(3s/k)为2.9×10-9 mol·L-1。对1.0×10-6 mol·L-1醋酸泼尼松标准溶液连续测定11次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.9%。加标回收率在100%~105%之间。     

用偶合反应流动注射化学发光法测定矿样和水样中的痕量铊

将Tl(Ⅲ)置换Co(Ⅱ)-EDTA配合物中的Co(Ⅱ)与Co(Ⅱ)-鲁米诺-H2O2化学发光体系相偶合,建立了流动注射化学发光测定铊的新方法。本方法测定铊的线性范围为3.0×10-6~1.0×10-2mg/mL,检出限为1.0×10-6mg/mL。对1.0×10-4mg/mL的Tl(Ⅲ)标准溶液连续11次测定的相对标准偏差为2.0%。方法可用于矿样和水样中铊的测定。     

毛细管电泳-间接化学发光法检测染发剂中苯二酚异构体和苯酚

根据某些酚类化合物在碱性条件下具有能猝灭鲁米诺-铁氰化钾体系化学发光信号的特性,建立了毛细管电泳-间接化学发光分离检测苯二酚异构体和苯酚的新方法.电泳缓冲溶液选用7.5 mmol/L Na2B4O7-2.5 mmol/L Na2HPO4.在优化的化学发光和电泳条件下,对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚和苯酚在10 min内可直接实现分离,其检出限(S/N=3)分别为2.9×10-8 mol/L、3.7×10-7 mol/L、8.4×10-8 mol/L和4.4×10-6 mol/L;相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～4.8%(n=5).通过对不同染发剂实际样品进行分离分析研究,证明该方法可以用于实际染发剂样品的分析测定,结果令人满意.     

银(Ⅲ)配合物-鲁米诺体系流动注射法测定醋酸泼尼松北大核心CSCD

在碱性环境下,银（Ⅲ）配合物可与鲁米诺产生化学发光,醋酸泼尼松对该发光体系具有显著的增敏作用,据此提出了流动注射银（Ⅲ）配合物-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定醋酸泼尼松含量的方法。优化的试验条件如下：1鲁米诺溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为0.6mol·L-1;2鲁米诺溶液的浓度为8.0×10-7 mol·L-1;3银（Ⅲ）配合物溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为1.7mol·L-1;4银（Ⅲ）配合物溶液的浓度为5.0×10-5 mol·L-1。醋酸泼尼松的线性范围为6.0×10-8~8.0×10-5 mol·L-1,方法的检出限（3s/k）为2.9×10-9 mol·L-1。对1.0×10-6 mol·L-1醋酸泼尼松标准溶液连续测定11次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.9%。加标回收率在100%~105%之间。     

Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of ten sulfonamide residues in milk according to 2002/657/EC

A HPLC method with diode-array detection, at 265 nm, was developed and validated for the determination of ten sulfonamides (SAs): sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazine (STZ), sulfamethoxine (SMTH), sulfamethizole (SMZ), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPZ), sulfamonomethoxine (SMMX), sulfamethoxazole (SMXZ), sulfisoxazole (SIX), sulfadimethoxine (SDMX), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) in milk. A mixture of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and isopropanol was used for the extraction of target analytes from milk. The mobile phase, a mixture of 0.1% v/v formic acid, CH(3) CN, and CH(3) OH was delivered to the analytical column under a gradient program. The procedure was validated according to the European Union regulation 2002/657/EC in terms of selectivity, stability, decision limit, detection capability, accuracy, and precision. Mean recoveries of sulfonamides from milk samples spiked at three concentration levels (0.5×MRL, 1×MRL, and 1.5×MRL) (MRL, maximum residue level) were 93.9-115.9% for SDZ, 97.8-102.9% for STZ, 94.6-107.0% for SMTH, 98.3-111.5% for SMZ, 95.3-108.4% for SMPZ, 97.9-106.0% for SMMX, 97.6-111.3% for SMXZ, 94.3-104.6% for SIX, 96.4-109.1% for SDMX, and 98.2-111.2% for SQX. All RSD values were lower than 8.8%. The decision limits CCa calculated by spiking 20 blank milk samples at MRL (100 μg/kg) ranged from 101.61 to 106.84 μg/kg, whereas the detection capability CCb ranged from 105.64 to 119.01 μg/kg.     

Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Method for Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Chloride-diperiodatocuprate(III) Reaction

Asensitive and selective method employing chemiluminescence(CL) coupled with flow injection(FI) is reported for nalbuphine hydrochloride(NAL) assay in pharmaceutical formulations. The enhancement effect of NAL on the CL reaction between tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride-diperiodatocuprate(III) {Ru[(bpy)₃]²⁺-Cu(III) complex} in acidic medium is used as analytical measurement. The optimal conditions of the CL reaction were sulfuric acid 1.0×10^-3 mol/L, Ru[(bpy)₃]²⁺ 7.5×10^-5 mol/L, Cu(III)/Ag(III) complexes 4.0×10^-4/5.0×10^-4 mol/L, sample loop volume of 120 μL and flow rate of 2.5 mL/min. The sensitivities of the method in terms of detection(S/N=3) and quantification(S/N=10) limits are 5×10^-4 and 0.001 ppm(1 ppm=1 mg/L), respectively. The linear response of the instrument in the form of CL intensity with respect to NAL concentration is over the range 0.001-15.0 ppm(R²=0.9999) with relative standard deviation from 0.8% to 3.2% and injection throughput of 120 injection/h. The applications of the method include the quantitative analysis of NAL in pharmaceutical injection samples. Variations and the average results of the proposed method are not signi-ficantly different from the results of a reported method by applying F- and paired student t-test. The most likely CL reaction mechanism is written in accordance with spectrophotometric and CL studies.     

Quantitative extraction of sulfonamides in meats by supercritical methanol‐modified carbon dioxide: A foray into real‐world sampling

Optimizing operational parameters and obtaining the highest possible recovery are two of the major objectives to be attained when any extraction process is performed on a real sample in which the true analyte concentration is unknown. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were extracted from real samples of chicken liver, beef liver, and pig kidney, using methanol‐modified supercritical CO₂. The optimum extraction parameters were found to be 17.237 MPa and 160°C for two of the three analytes; SMZ, on the other hand, was completely extracted at 120°C. Under these conditions of high temperature, high amounts of modifier (3.0 mL of methanol in a 10‐mL extraction vessel) and low pressure, all three sulfonamides (SAs) were shown to be quantitatively extracted from spiked samples from domestic animals which had not been given sulfonamides. Under the same conditions, meat samples of commercial origin were analyzed. These results were compared with those obtained by conventional extraction methods. Almost all the meat samples contained sulfa drug residue levels far exceeding the current tolerance levels allowed for most sulfonamides. Eighteen of thirty samples contained at least one of the three sulfonamides, and seven of these samples contained from 1.1 to 4.2 mg kg^–1 of SMZ. The SAs were quantified by HPLC with UV absorbance and amperometric detection.     

Simultaneous determination of 17 sulfonamides and the potentiators ormetoprim and trimethoprim in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection

A simple, robust method using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 17 sulfonamides [sulfanilamide (SNL), sulfacetamide (SAA), sulfaguanidine (SGD), sulfapyridine (SPY), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethoxazole (SOZ), sulfamoxole (SXL), sulfisoxazole (SXZ), sulfamethizole (SML), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM)] and 2 potentiators [ormetoprim (OMP) and trimethoprim (TMP)] in fish tissue has been developed. The analytes were extracted from homogenized fish tissue with water-acetonitrile (50 + 50). The extract was clarified by centrifugation and a portion defatted with hexane. The analytes were partitioned into chloroform and evaporated to dryness. The redissolved residue was applied to a C18 reversed-phase column with a water-acetonitrile (0.1% acetic acid) gradient. All of the compounds were completely separated and detected in <10 min at 30 degrees C using LC/MS/MS. Standard curves were linear over the range of 0.02 to 5 ng injected. The limit of detection varied from 0.1 ng/g for SMZ and OMP to 0.9 ng/g for SXL and SOZ. Recoveries varied from 100% for SDM, SOZ, and SQX and 85% for SMR, OMP, and TMP to approximately 30% for SAA. Relative standard deviations for repeat analysis varied from 4% for SMZ and SCP to 23% for SAA.     

Determination of Genistein by Flow‐injection Chemiluminescence Method Based on Ferricyanide Oxidation Sensitized by Rhodamine 6G

A novel flow injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) method for the determination of genistein was described. The method was based on the reaction between genistein and potassium ferricyanide in alkaline solution to give weak CL signal, which was dramatically enhanced by rhodamine 6G (Rh G). The CL emission allowed quantitation of genistein concentration in the range 1.0 × 10^?7–4.0 × 10^?5 mol/L with a detection limit (3σ) of 4.2 × 10^?8 mol/L. The relative standard deviation for 11 parallel measurements of 5.0 × 10^?7 mol/L, 4.0 × 10^?6 mol/L and 1.0 × 10^?5 mol/L genistein were 2.59%, 2.40% and 1.48%, respectively. The experimental conditions for the CL reaction were optimized and the possible reaction mechanism was discussed. The method was applied to the determination of genistein in biological fluids.     

Determination of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Its Antioxidant Activity Using a Novel Chemiluminescence System

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system was established for the determination of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) in pharmaceutical preparations and its ability of scavenging hydroxyl radical. It was shown that a strong CL signal was observed when Eosin Y mixed with Fenton reagent. The CL intensity was decreased significantly when DG was added to the reaction system and partially scavenged the hydroxyl radicals in the solution. The extent of decrease in the CL intensity had a good stoichiometrical relationship with DG concentration. Based on this, we developed a new method for the determination of DG using a flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) technique. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of DG concentration was 6.0 × 10^?8–5.0 × 10^?6 mol/L (R = 0.9982) with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10^?9 mol/L (SN = 3), and the RSD was 3.8% for 2.0 × 10^?7 mol/L DG (n = 11). This method was successfully used in the determination of DG in tablets and the evaluation of hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of DG. The possible reaction mechanism of the CL system is discussed.     

Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Puerarin in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Eosin Y‐Fenton System

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system was established for the determination of puerarin in pharmaceutical preparations. It was shown that a strong CL signal was observed when Eosin Y reacted with the hydroxyl radicals which were generated from Fenton reagent in acidic medium. The CL intensity was decreased significantly when puerarin was added to the reaction system and partially scavenged the hydroxyl radicals in the solution. The extent of decrease in the CL intensity had a good stoichiometrical relationship with puerarin concentration. Based on this, a new method for the determination of puerarin using a flow injection chemiluminescence technique was developed. The experimental parameters that affected the CL intensity were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range for puerarin concentration was 8.0×10^?8?2.0×10^?6 mol/L (R=0.9982) with a detection limit of 7.5×10^?9 mol/L (S/N=3) and the relative standard deviation was 1.7% for 4.0×10^?7 mol/L puerarin (n=11). The proposed method was applied to the determination of puerarin in a puerarin injection with satisfactory results.     

双偏振极化干涉技术实时研究三磷酸腺苷与其适配体相互作用

利用双偏振极化干涉(Dual polarization interferometry,DPI)测量技术实时研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)与其适配体(ATP-binding aptamer, ABA)间的相互作用.将单链ABA固定在DPI氮化硅芯片上,采用DPI技术实时监测ATP与固定的ABA的相互作用过程中敏感层的质量、厚度、密度的变化.通过详细分析敏感层质量变化,得到ATP与ABA间的结合速率常数 (ka=4.66 × 10.3 L/(mol·s)、解离速率常数(kd =1.70 × 10.-2·s.-1)、结合常数 (KA=2.7 × 10.5 L/mol)和解离常数(KD =3.7 × 10.-6 mol/L).通过测定敏感层质量、厚度和密度随ATP浓度的变化,分别建立了测定ATP的方法,检出限(LOD, 3σ)分别为0.22 μmol/L(质量变化)、0.14 μmol/L(厚度变化)、0.32 μmol/L(密度变化).本研究利用DPI技术揭示了ABA与ATP相互作用中结构变化的实时信息,构建了新型ATP传感器,用于实际血清样品中ATP的检测,结果令人满意.     

纳米铜/石墨烯-壳聚糖复合膜修饰电极及其对葡萄糖的直接测定

以石墨烯-壳聚糖复合膜修饰玻碳电极,并在此复合膜上电沉积纳米铜,用于葡萄糖的无酶检测。以扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱及电化学交流阻抗谱对该复合膜微观形态进行表征,以循环伏安法、计时电流法对该电极的电化学行为进行研究。实验结果表明,在0.1 mol/L Na OH溶液中修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的催化氧化作用,该电极对葡萄糖的检测线性范围为5.6×10-5~1.2×10-3mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为2.3×10-5mol/L。该修饰电极对样品的检测具有良好的稳定性、重现性。     

Adsorption voltammetry of nandrolone phenylpropionate

The electrochemical behavior of nandrolone phenylpropionate (NP) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was investigated. The adsorption phenomena were observed by linear sweep voltammetry in NaOH. The electrode reaction was found to be a totally irreversible reduction of the adsorbed NP. In 1 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L NaOH, the detection limit and the linear range are 5 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 8 × 10⁻¹⁰–5 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the method is 1.6 % for 1.7 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L NP. The method was applied to the determination of NP in clinical ampuls.