Ni/SiO_2、Ni/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂上顺酐液相选择加氢合成γ-丁内酯

通过溶胶-凝胶方法结合超临界干燥技术制备了SiO2和TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物气凝胶载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO2和Ni/TiO2-SiO2催化剂,运用BET、H2-TPR、XRD、TEM及FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在顺酐液相选择加氢合成γ-丁内酯反应中的催化性能.结果表明,Ni/TiO2-SiO2催化剂中Ti-O-Si键的形成增强了NiO与载体的相互作用,促进了NiO在载体表面的分散,得到了晶粒较小的活性Ni0物种,表现出高的加氢活性,在H2压力5.0 MPa、反应温度240℃、反应时间6 h的条件下,顺酐转化率为100%,γ-丁内酯的选择性达94.7%.     

Cr-Cu/SiO2 催化剂上顺酐和1,4-丁二醇的耦合反应

研究了Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂上顺酐加氢反应和1,4-丁二醇脱氢反应耦合制备重要的精细化学品γ-丁内酯.耦合反应显著提高了顺酐转化率和γ-丁内酯选择性.Cr修饰提高了催化剂的脱氢活性,抑止了催化剂的过度加氢活性,使1,4-丁二醇的转化率和γ-丁内酯选择性显著提高.Cr修饰量为w=5%的Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂上耦合反应的原料转化率为100%,γ-丁内酯选择性达98.8%.XRD,XPS等研究表明,Cr修饰促进了催化剂上铜元素的分散,氧化铬对氧化铜有给电子作用,Cr修饰的Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂还原后比Cu/SiO2具有更多的Cu ,这有利于催化剂脱氢活性和γ-丁内酯选择性的提高.     

NiO/SiO2气凝胶催化剂性能研究 Ⅰ. 镍含量的影响

以硝酸镍和正硅酸乙酯为原料采用溶胶凝胶超临界流体干燥法制备了不同镍含量的气凝胶催化剂.XRD,TPR,TEM,IR等物理技术表征和顺酐液相催化加氢活性评价结果表明NiO/SiO2气凝胶催化剂中NiO与SiO2有较强的相互作用,镍含量对活性组分与载体之间相互作用的影响导致催化剂具有不同的丁二酸酐和γ-丁内酯的选择性.在镍含量为30w%,经673K焙烧的催化剂上γ-丁内酯的选择性最佳.     

NiO-SiO2，NiO-Al2O3和NiO-Al2O3-SiO2催化剂上顺酐选择加氢性能的比较

以正硅酸乙酯和硝酸铝分别为硅源和铝源，硝酸镍为活性组分前驱物，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了NiO-SiO2，NiO-Al2O3和NiO-Al2O3-SiO2催化剂。顺酐液相选择加氢活性和选择性评价结果表明：顺酐在三种催化剂上转化率都在99%以上，而产物的选择性有较大的差别，其中NiO-SiO2催化剂上γ-丁内酯的选择性达80.1%，NiO-Al2O3催化剂上丁二酸酐选择性达99%以上，NiOAl2O3SiO2催化剂上两种产物都有。XRD，TPR等体相结构和表面结构的表征说明，三种催化剂的相组成、NiO的分散性及与载体的相互作用存在明显差别，这些差别可能是造成不同选择加氢性能的原因。     

Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂上顺酐和1,4-丁二醇的耦合反应

研究了Cr-Cu/SiO₂催化剂上顺酐加氢反应和1,4-丁二醇脱氢反应耦合制备重要的精细化学品γ-丁内酯. 耦合反应显著提高了顺酐转化率和γ-丁内酯选择性. Cr修饰提高了催化剂的脱氢活性, 抑止了催化剂的过度加氢活性, 使1,4-丁二醇的转化率和γ-丁内酯选择性显著提高. Cr修饰量为w＝5%的Cr-Cu/SiO₂催化剂上耦合反应的原料转化率为100%, γ-丁内酯选择性达98.8%. XRD, XPS等研究表明, Cr修饰促进了催化剂上铜元素的分散, 氧化铬对氧化铜有给电子作用, Cr修饰的Cr-Cu/SiO₂催化剂还原后比Cu/SiO₂具有更多的Cu^＋, 这有利于催化剂脱氢活性和γ-丁内酯选择性的提高.      

Ni-Cu/Al_2O_3催化剂上顺酐液相选择加氢制丁二酸酐反应性能

以Al2O3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Ni-Cu/Al2O3催化剂,用于顺酐液相加氢反应,并结合低温N2物理吸-脱附、H2程序升温还原、H2程序升温脱附、X射线衍射、CO程序升温表面反应等表征结果,详细考察了催化剂中Cu含量对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,Cu的引入提高了活性组分Ni的分散度,促进了催化剂上C=C的加氢活性;同时,由于Ni-Cu双金属间的相互作用,明显抑制了催化剂表面C=O的加氢.当Cu含量为7%时,催化剂上顺酐加氢定向合成丁二酸酐的活性最高.在210oC,H2压力5.0MPa的条件下反应40min时,顺酐转化率与丁二酸酐选择性均达100%.     

Pd组分的添加对Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂顺酐选择加氢制γ-丁内酯反应的影响

采用化学还原法制备了用于顺酐加氢的Pd-N i-B非晶态催化剂,考察了Pd含量,反应温度,反应时间对催化剂性能的影响;利用XRD,TEM,XPS,ICP等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果发现,添加适量的Pd可以明显改善催化剂的加氢性能,在N i-Pd-B-3催化剂上,顺酐的转化率为100%,γ-丁内酯的收率为89.6%.催化剂中N i具有给电子效应,使Pd的表面呈富电子状态,有利于原料的吸附和产物的脱附.     

利用乙醇重整制氢进行硝基苯原位液相加氢合成苯胺

 利用乙醇液相催化重整制得的氢直接进行硝基苯原位液相加氢合成苯胺. 考察了不同催化剂、反应温度及反应时间等因素的影响. 在以Pt/Al2O3为催化剂,反应温度220 ℃和反应时间3 h的条件下,硝基苯的转化率可达99.3%, 苯胺的选择性为99.8%, 催化剂表现出较高的加氢活性和选择性.     

金催化顺丁烯二酸酐的选择加氢反应

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列担载纳米金催化剂,用以催化顺丁烯二酸酐(简称顺酐,MA)的选择加氢反应．模板剂的引入改变了催化剂载体的结构,从而提高了其催化活性和对加氢产物丁二酸酐(SA)以及丁二酸二乙酯(DFAS)的选择性．同时考察了反应温度、溶剂、催化剂制备方法对顺酐选择加氢反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性能．实验结果表明,以焙烧处理除去模板剂十八胺的Au／SiO2-O(C)为催化剂时,顺酐选择加氢制取丁二酸酐和一步加氢酯化制取丁二酸二乙酯的效果最佳,其转化率以及产物选择性均大于99．5％．     

顺酐催化加氢衍生物的研究（Ⅱ）琥珀酸酐加氢制γ—丁内酯

γ－丁内酯（γ－ＢＬ）是顺酐（ＭＡ）加氢的次级衍生物。作者曾报导了顺酐加氢制琥珀酸酐的研究。这里，我们研究了不同催化剂及配体对琥珀酸酐加氢生成γ－丁内酯的反应。考察了最佳钌／三苯基膦配位催化体系，对琥珀酸酐（ＳＡ）均相催化加氢生成γ－丁内酯的反应条件：催化剂及膦配体用量、温度、压力、时间、溶液对催化反应的影响。实验表明，在钌盐为０．１５ｍｍｏｌ、Ｐ／Ｒｕ＝８、１２０℃、３．０ＭＰａ氢压下，乙二醇二     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

Oxygen defect K2NiF4-type oxides: The compounds La2−xSrxCuO4−x2+δ

Oxygen defect K₂NiF₄-type oxides $\text{La}{}_{\mathrm{2?x}}\text{Sr}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{CuO}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4?</mtext><mtext>x</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>+\delta </mtext>}}$ have been synthesized for a wide composition range: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.34. From the X-ray and electron diffraction study three domains have been characterized: orthorhombic compounds with La₂CuO₄ structure for 0 ≤ x < 0.10, tetragonal oxides similar to LaSrCuO₄ for 0.10 ≤ x < 1 and several superstructures derived from the tetragonal cell ( with n = 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.34. The compounds corresponding to 0 < x < 1 differ from the other oxides in that they are characterized by the presence of copper with two oxidation states: + 2 and + 3. A model structure for La_0.8Sr_1.2CuλO_3.4, in which copper has only the + 2 oxidation state, and for which the actual cell is tegragonal—a = 18.80₄ Å and c = 12.94 Å—has been established. The particular structural evolution of these compounds is discussed in terms of a competition between the capability of Cu(II) to be oxidized to Cu(III) and the ordering of oxygen vacancies.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

A study of the spinel materials LiTi2O4 and Li43Ti53O4 by photoelectron spectroscopy

HeI-excited valence-band ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and MgKα-excited Ti-2p X-ray photoelectron spectra are reported for the spinel materials LiTi₂O₄ and $\text{Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Ti}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{O}{}_4$. The presence of a Fermi edge in the ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of LiTi₂O₄ confirms the metallic nature of this material, although the measured density of states at the Fermi energy is much lower than that expected from an independent-electron interpretation of the magnetic susceptibility. This difference is attributed to a strong interaction of the conduction electrons with the lattice vibrations. The localization of conduction electrons that occurs in the final state in the Ti-2p X-ray photoelectron spectrum of LiTi₂O₄ is attributed to a Coulomb interaction with a core hole.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).