一个随机开放经济中的财富偏好和财政政策

本文把财富偏好结合进入一个开放经济的随机模型.通过对生产技术、效用函数和随机冲击做了确定的假设,我们得到了许多显式解,包括居民的总消费、期望经济增长率和所有资产的均衡回报;进一步讨论了财政政策和财富偏好怎样影响经济增长和社会福利.     

随机凸序与投资组合的风险值

本文利用随机凸序的理论证明了任意随机资产组合的风险不会超过其各个随机资产的风险值之和 ,即给出了投资组合的风险值上界 .指出了当投资者无法确定各随机资产的相依关系时 ,独立性假定会低投资组合的风险值 ;并分别针对正态资产、幂关系资产、指数资产给出了这种风险低估值的具体计算公式     

均值波动率回归（英文）

在无风险资产和有风险证券的离散时间资产定价问题中,常用包含相关的随机成分和非随机成分的增量过程模型来表示.受此启发,文章提出了一类融合了非随机和随机成分的半参数回归模型.与经典的回归模型不同,在此模型中均值回归函数包含了方差部分,并且模型变量与某个状态变量有关联,因此模型更具有特定的经济意义.文中的一个例子解释了GARCH-M模型与现有的广义漂移模型不能包含本文中所提出的模型.文章还表明,虽然增量过程只是两个部分的加权和,但模型的统计推断不能够简单地通过两个独立系统来完成.文章研究了估计量的渐近理论性质,并通过蒙特卡洛模拟考察了估计量的小样本性质.最后利用中国金融年鉴2004-2005的数据分析了中国金融市场的财富增量过程.     

具有随机利率、随机变差的最优投资和联合比例-超额损失再保险

对跳-扩散风险模型,研究了最优投资和再保险问题.保险公司可以购买再保险减少理赔,保险公司还可以把盈余投资在一个无风险资产和一个风险资产上.假设再保险的方式为联合比例-超额损失再保险.还假设无风险资产和风险资产的利率是随机的,风险资产的方差也是随机的.通过解决相应的Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)方程,获得了最优值函数和最优投资、再保险策略的显示解.特别的,通过一个例子具体的解释了得到的结论.     

信用等级变换的自由边界问题

本文总结近年来评估信用等级变换风险的结构化模型的建立和发展,特别关注了使用资产债务比划分高低等级并且不同等级的资产满足不同的随机过程的情形,而这个问题可以转化为自由边界问题.本文介绍关于这个模型的理论研究结果、计算和实证方法以及模型的一些推广和展望.     

基于股票价格随机脉冲模型的保险人再保险和投资的最优动态组合选择

本文假设保险人可以进行再保险,并且允许其在金融市场中将资产投资于风险资产和无风险资产,其中风险资产价格采用随机脉冲模型来刻画.当目标是最大化在某一确定终止时刻所拥有财富的二次效用函数期望时,分别得到了超额损失再保险和比例再保险情况下保险人的再保险和投资最优动态选择的显式解和闭解.利用得到的显式解,考虑了金融风险和保险风险之间相关性对最优动态选择的影响,做了相关数值计算.     

违约市场中的n个保险公司的最优投资和再保险问题（英文）

本文研究了n个保险公司之间的非零和随机微分投资再保险博弈问题.每个保险公司可以购买比例再保险,并将财富投资于一个由无风险资产,可违约债券和n个风险资产组成的金融市场.特别地,风险资产的价格过程服从CEV模型,可违约债券可在违约时收回一定比例的价值.每个保险公司的目标是相对于竞争对手,最大化终端财富的期望指数效用.利用随机最优控制理论,我们分别推导了均衡策略和均衡值函数的显式表达式.数值例子分析了模型参数对均衡策略的影响.此外,我们还分析了保险公司数量对均衡投资策略的影响.我们发现,随着保险公司数量的增加,每个保险公司将在风险资产和可违约债券上投入更多的资金.     

基于混合分布单因子模型的CDO定价问题

本文讨论了基于混合分布单因子模型的CDO定价问题,在所研究的CDO抵押资产组合中,描述资产价值的市场共同因子和异质因子均服从标准高斯和NIG的混合分布,且相关系数为随机相关系数.通过半解析法给出了CDO分券层的公允价格公式,并利用傅里叶变换及其逆变换,得出了贝努利相关和三状态相关两种随机相关系数的情形下累积损失概率分布的求解方法.     

马尔可夫交换Lévy过程的最小熵鞅测度

研究了由马尔可夫交换Lévy过程的随机指数所驱动的风险资产的期权定价问题,即市场的利率、风险资产的波动率以及N个状态的补偿子都依赖于不可观的经济状态,而这些经济状态服从于一个连续时间的隐马氏链模型.一般地,由马尔可夫交换Levy过程的随机指数所描述的市场是不完备的,因此,鞅测度不是唯一的.通过采用状态转换Esscher变换来确定等价鞅测度,并且证明了所得到的定价测度就是最小熵鞅测度.     

不完全市场的保险定价研究

完全市场上的保险定价问题是人们比较熟悉的研究内容,但它不符合市场实际.本文在不完全市场上研究保险定价的问题.通过对累积保险损失的分析,建立在累积赌付下的保险定价模型;基于对一个无风险资产和有限多个风险资产的投资,建立保险投资定价模型.通过变形,得到相应的保险价格的倒向随机微分方程,并利用倒向随机微分方程的理论和方法,得到了相应的保险价格公式.最后,给出释例进行了分析.本文的研究,不用考虑死亡率、损失的概率分布等因素,为保险定价提供了新的思路,丰富了有限的保险定价方法.     

基于随机久期利率免疫的银行资产负债优化模型

银行资产负债管理是指商业银行在负债数量和结构一定的条件下、对资产进行优化配置,通过平衡资产的流动性、盈利性和安全性,以实现银行收益的最大化。本文通过Vasicek动态期限结构模型推导出随机久期,以包括存量与增量在内的全部资产随机久期等于全部负债随机久期为约束条件、控制利率风险,辅以现行法律法规等其他约束条件,建立全部资产负债组合的随机久期利率风险免疫模型,并通过算例说明本模型构建过程。本文的创新与特色有三:一是通过建立全部资产负债组合的利率免疫条件,对包括存量与增量在内的全部资产组合利率风险进行控制。改变了现有研究在进行资产配置时,仅对增量组合风险控制的弊端。二是通过资产负债的随机久期缺口等于0的利率风险免疫条件建立资产负债优化模型,确保在利率发生变化时,银行股东的所有者权益不受损失。三是以银行各项资产组合收益率最大化为目标函数,通过随机久期的利率免疫条件控制利率风险,建立了全部资产负债组合的随机久期利率风险免疫模型。改变了现有研究的资产负债管理模型忽略随机久期变动的影响。     

An optimal investment and consumption model with stochastic returns

We consider a financial market consisting of a risky asset and a riskless one, with a constant or random investment horizon. The interest rate from the riskless asset is constant, but the relative return rate from the risky asset is stochastic with an unknown parameter in its distribution. Following the Bayesian approach, the optimal investment and consumption problem is formulated as a Markov decision process. We incorporate the concept of risk aversion into the model and characterize the optimal strategies for both the power and logarithmic utility functions with a constant relative risk aversion (CRRA). Numerical examples are provided that support the intuition that a higher proportion of investment should be allocated to the risky asset if the mean return rate on the risky asset is higher or the risky asset return rate is less volatile. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive control of three continuous-time portfolio and consumption models

An economic application of adaptive control is presented using three continuous time portfolio and consumption models that are natural generalizations of a model of Merton. In these models of the wealth of an individual investor, it is assumed that the various parameters are deterministic functions of time or stochastic processes. An adaptive control problem arises for each of these models when it is assumed that the average return rate of the risky asset, which is either a deterministic function or a stochastic process, is not observed. For these models, a recursive family of estimators of the average return rate of the risky asset is given based on the observations of the wealth. These estimates are used in the control of the wealth equation.This research was partially supported by NSF Grant No. ECS-84-03286-A01 and by University of Kansas General Research Allocation No. 3806-XO-0038.     

Valuation of variable annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit under stochastic interest rate

This paper develops an efficient direct integration method for pricing of the variable annuity (VA) with guarantees in the case of stochastic interest rate. In particular, we focus on pricing VA with Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) that promises to return the entire initial investment through withdrawals and the remaining account balance at maturity. Under the optimal (dynamic) withdrawal strategy of a policyholder, GMWB pricing becomes an optimal stochastic control problem that can be solved using backward recursion Bellman equation. Optimal decision becomes a function of not only the underlying asset but also interest rate. Presently our method is applied to the Vasicek interest rate model, but it is applicable to any model when transition density of the underlying asset and interest rate is known in closed-form or can be evaluated efficiently. Using bond price as a numéraire the required expectations in the backward recursion are reduced to two-dimensional integrals calculated through a high order Gauss–Hermite quadrature applied on a two-dimensional cubic spline interpolation. The quadrature is applied after a rotational transformation to the variables corresponding to the principal axes of the bivariate transition density, which empirically was observed to be more accurate than the use of Cholesky transformation. Numerical comparison demonstrates that the new algorithm is significantly faster than the partial differential equation or Monte Carlo methods. For pricing of GMWB with dynamic withdrawal strategy, we found that for positive correlation between the underlying asset and interest rate, the GMWB price under the stochastic interest rate is significantly higher compared to the case of deterministic interest rate, while for negative correlation the difference is less but still significant. In the case of GMWB with predefined (static) withdrawal strategy, for negative correlation, the difference in prices between stochastic and deterministic interest rate cases is not material while for positive correlation the difference is still significant. The algorithm can be easily adapted to solve similar stochastic control problems with two stochastic variables possibly affected by control. Application to numerical pricing of Asian, barrier and other financial derivatives with a single risky asset under stochastic interest rate is also straightforward.     

The impact of fat tailed returns on asset allocation

This paper analyzes the asset allocation problem of an investor who can invest in equity and cash when there is time variation in expected returns on the equity. The solution methodology is multistage stochastic asset allocation problem with decision rules. The uncertainty is modeled using economic scenarios with Gaussian and stable Paretian non-Gaussian innovations. The optimal allocations under these alternative hypothesis are compared. Our computational results suggest that asset allocation may be up to 20% different depending on the utility function and the risk aversion level of the investor. Certainty equivalent return can be increased up to .13% and utility can be improved up to .72% by switching to the stable Paretian model.     

广义Black-Scholes模型期权定价新方法--保险精算方法

利用公平保费原则和价格过程的实际概率测度推广了Mogens Bladt和Tina Hviid Rydberg的结果．在无中间红利和有中间红利两种情况下，把Black-Scholes模型推广到无风险资产(债券或银行存款)具有时间相依的利率和风险资产(股票)也具有时间相依的连续复利预期收益率和波动率的情况，在此情况下获得了欧式期权的精确定价公式以及买权与卖权之间的平价关系．给出了风险资产(股票)具有随机连续复利预期收益率和随机波动率的广义Black-Scholes模型的期权定价的一般方法．利用保险精算方法给出了股票价格遵循广义Ornstein-Uhlenback过程模型的欧式期权的精确定价公式和买权和卖权之间的平价关系．     

部分信息下资产收益率发生紊乱的最优投资策略

本文研究了在部分信息且市场利率非零的情形下,资产预期收益率发生紊乱(disorder)时,终端净财富的期望指数效用最大化问题.利用半鞅和倒向随机微分方程(BSDE)刻画价值过程的方法,获得了最优交易策略和价值过程的明确表达式,推广了一般框架下最优投资组合的研究结果.     

On the application of Wishart process to the pricing of equity derivatives: the multi-asset case

Given the inherent complexity of financial markets, a wide area of research in the field of mathematical finance is devoted to develop accurate models for the pricing of contingent claims. Focusing on the stochastic volatility approach (i.e. we assume to describe asset volatility as an additional stochastic process), it appears desirable to introduce reliable dynamics in order to take into account the presence of several assets involved in the definition of multi-asset payoffs. In this article we deal with the multi asset Wishart Affine Stochastic Correlation model, that makes use of Wishart process to describe the stochastic variance covariance matrix of assets return. The resulting parametrization turns out to be a genuine multi-asset extension of the Heston model: each asset is exactly described by a single instance of the Heston dynamics while the joint behaviour is enriched by cross-assets and cross-variances stochastic correlation, all wrapped in an affine modeling. In this framework, we propose a fast and accurate calibration procedure, and two Monte Carlo simulation schemes.

     

金融资产收益率尾概率估计研究

在对金融资产进行投资时,投资者所关注的问题往往是金融资产收益率发生大波动的概率,简称尾概率.本文利用大偏差定理对此概率如何进行估计进行深入研究.将收益率按其尾部的分布特征分成三类,分别对其进行研究,得到三种不同的估计公式.本文对收益率序列存在相关性、收益率是多元随机变量情况下的尾概率估计问题也进行了分析.     

基于Black-Litterman框架的资产配置策略研究

本文基于Black-Litterman框架提出了中国股票市场投资中行业间资产配置的策略。因为宏观经济指标对于股票收益率有一定的解释能力,本文通过宏观经济变量对收益率序列建模并且用GJR-GARCH模型捕捉资产收益率变化的特征,得出的预测资产收益率及其方差作为Black-Litterman框架下的输入。最后通过实证结果表明,基于这种策略构建的投资组合收益率在一定条件下会优于基于市场均衡权重或者传统Markowitz框架下的投资策略。