层次分析法在水资源短缺评价中的应用

以辽宁省水资源为研究对象,选取水资源短缺的承灾体的暴露性、脆弱性、致灾因子危险性、可恢复性为评价因子,并进一步将其划分为12个指标,作为层次分析(AHP)的子准则层,将风险等级划分为三个阶段.应用层次分析模型对辽宁省水资源短缺风险进行综合评价.结果表明辽宁省水资源处于高风险阶段,属于严重缺水.     

基于模糊多因素多层次评价模型的缺水度研究

根据黑龙江省水资源特点,从影响水资源短缺的水资源量、暴露性、脆弱性、人口和工程技术五方面入手,考虑14个二级评价指标,应用层次分析法、和模糊多因素多层次评价法建立综合评价模型.结果表明黑龙江省水资源处于一般风险等级,属于中度缺水.     

诱导有序加权平均算子在水资源状况评估中的应用

水资源短缺风险状况评价是一项多目标的复杂决策过程,在水资源短缺风险评价的层次分析决策中应用协商评价确定各属性的权重.对评价者给出的区间赋值信息进行分类,确定各类信息的协商区间和协商值;然后利用所导出的有序加权平均(IOWA)算子对各类信息的协商区间和协商值进行集成,在此基础上提出了一种确定协商评价问题属性权重的方法,实例分析证明该方法具有实用性和可操作性是可行的.     

水资源短缺的一种综合加权评价模型

从水资源量、暴露性、脆弱性、人口、工程技术5方面着手,根据14个二级指标,应用层次分析模型和综合加权法对北京水资源短缺风险进行综合评价.结果表明,北京水资源处于高风险阶段,属于严重缺水.     

可变模糊集理论在江西省水资源承载力评价中的应用

结合江西省2009年自然、社会和经济以及水资源资料,选取降水量、灌溉率、水资源开发利用程度、生活用水定额、人均供水量、万元GDP用水量、生态环境用水率、缺水率作为评价指标,应用可变模糊评价模型对江西省11个市的水资源承载力进行了评价研究.能够科学、合理地确定样本指标对各级指标标准区间的相对隶属度、相对隶属函数,并且能够通过变化模型及其参数,合理地确定出样本的评价等级,提高对样本等级评价的可信度.最后与模糊识别理论计算出的结果进行比较,评价等级基本保持一致.研究结果表明,江西省整体水资源承载力等级为1~2级,水资源开发利用已具有一定规模,部分区域水资源开发潜力较大.     

北京市水资源利用建模分析研究

以北京市为例,分别应用无偏灰色GM(1,1)模型和非线性模型对北京市2001年-2010年的用水量进行了建模,利用最优化方法,计算了上述两种模型的最优组合模型,通过三种模型分别计算了北京市2001年-2010年的水资源利用量,并与北京市2001年-2010年的实际用水量进行了对比,采用精度检验方法,分别对无偏灰色模型,非线性模型和组合模型进行了精度检验,计算结果表明,加权组合模型是三种模型中精度最高的模型,通过组合模型计算得出的用水量值与实际水资源利用量相比误差最小,由此得出,可以利用组合模型对北京市未来的水资源利用量进行预测,预测结果可为其他相关研究提供参考.     

基于模糊综合评价模型的赣州市水资源承载力动态评价

水资源的合理利用对区域经济社会发展以及促进人与自然的可持续发展至关重要.通过构建模糊综合评价模型,选取年降水量、人均水资源量、水资源利用率、万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值用水量、农田灌溉亩均用水量、生态用水等7个指标对赣州市2009-2018年水资源承载力进行动态评价研究,分析近十年该地区水资源承载力演变趋势以及影响该地区水资源承载力的主要因素.结果表明:1)赣州市水资源综合承载力较高,水资源还有进一步开发利用的空间;2)2009-2018年赣州市水资源承载力整体上呈上升趋势,但上升幅度不大,呈现小幅波动状态,其中GDP、工业用水量以及农业用水量对赣州市水资源承载力的具有显著影响;3)赣州市水资源较丰富,但由于时空分配不均,水资源配置体系也不够完善,且供水的基础设施比较薄弱,所以水资源的开发利用程度比较低.该研究结果可为当地水资源的可持续利用提供决策参考和依据.     

基于WSD算法的水资源调度综合策略

为更好地解决水资源短缺的问题,逐层深入构建了预测模型、量化模型和调度决策模型。首先,利用改进的灰色预测方法分别建立可用水资源储量预测模型和水资源需求预测模型,结合实际情况,得到水资源调度、去盐碱化技术等单位成本的量化方法;然后,利用新提出的WSD算法以及AHP方法,从经济、环境以及自然3方面进行综合分析,建立了适应各地区实际情况的可持续发展水战略;最后,基于提出的模型和算法进行仿真,得出了一套解决2025年中国各地区水资源短缺问题的可行的水资源调度方案。     

基于互补双对数模型的国际资本流入风险影响因素研究

首先通过理论模型和文献回顾的方式对国际资本流入风险进行定量刻画;其次,运用18个新兴市场国家的样本数据,基于面板互补双对数模型(cloglog)模型实证研究了国际资本流入风险的影响因素,结果表明:外汇储备/GDP和GDP增长率水平越高,发生国际资本流入风险的概率越大,而经常账户余额/GDP和M2/GDP的比率越高,国际资本流入风险水平越低;最后,根据结论,为我国应对国际资本流动风险提出了相关政策建议.     

集对分析多元模糊评价法在水资源可再生能力评价中应用

水资源可再生能力受多种因素影响,因素间关系错综复杂,水资源可再生能力综合评价是一项复杂的系统工程.以集对分析理论为基础,用新定元准则、主同、超同和同化度等新概念发展集对分析,建立了一种新的流域水资源可再生能力评价模型—集对分析多元模糊评价模型(MFSPAFM).应用该模型对黄河流域及其上、中、下游典型省份的水资源可再生能力进行了综合评价,并与常规集对分析模型和可变模糊等模型评价结果进行了比较.实例应用显示该模型能够真实地反映水资源可再生能力状况,评价结果更符合客观实际.研究表明,集对分析多元模糊评价模型结构简单,计算简洁,可行有效,适用于水资源可再生能力综合评价.     

A decision tool for optimal irrigated crop planning and water resources sustainability

In the present study, the conjunctive use policies of surface and ground water resources are developed for minimizing water shortage in an irrigation district subject to constraints on groundwater withdrawals and crop planning capacities. An integrated soil water balance algorithm is coupled to a non-linear optimization model in order to carry out water allocation planning in complex deficit agricultural water resources systems based on an economic efficiency criterion. Various options of conjunctive use water resources along with current and proposed cropping patterns have been explored by Koohdasht Irrigation District (KID), a semi-arid region in I.R. Iran. The analysis provides various scenarios, which can help managers in decision-making for the optimum allocation plans of water resources within the irrigation area. The results reveal that the proposed model, as a decision tool for optimal irrigated crop planning and water resources sustainability, may be used for maximizing the overall net benefits and global water productivity of an irrigation district considering an allowable annual recharge of groundwater. Findings indicate the importance of the conjunctive water management modeling, which can be easily implemented and would enhance the overall benefits from cropping activities in the study area.     

基于水量水质耦合多目标模型的辽源地区水资源优化配置

对水资源进行优化配置是解决社会经济发展与水资源可用量紧张的有效手段.采用区域水质—水量耦合水资源优化配置模型,以吉林省辽源市2010年数据为基准,对2020年水资源配置进行优化预测.研究结果表明,辽源市在规划期内"三生"用水结构由89:10:1调整到81:18:1.其中生产用水中第一产业用水量下降2.17%,第二产业用水总量下降2.78%.第三产业用水量提升4.29%,同时降低了水污染的排放.优化方案可有效降低辽源市水资源消耗与水环境污染,为水资源的可持续利用提供了有效的技术支持.     

产业结构与水资源相关分析理论及其实证

由于不同的产业部门和生活方式对水资源的消耗是不同的，经济的不同发展格局会在很大程度上改变水的需求，因此对宏观经济系统和水资源系统同时进行动态分析，才能揭示它们之间的内在联系。本以北京市为实例，利用相关分析理论和方法，系统地研究了产业结构调整与水资源需求变化之间的关系，同时通过计算，指出北京市产业结构与用水量之间存在着高度相关关系，发展第三产业，调整第二产业是解决首都水资源紧缺的重要方法。     

An interval-parameter fuzzy two-stage stochastic program for water resources management under uncertainty

This study presents an interval-parameter fuzzy two-stage stochastic programming (IFTSP) method for the planning of water-resources-management systems under uncertainty. The model is derived by incorporating the concepts of interval-parameter and fuzzy programming techniques within a two-stage stochastic optimization framework. The approach has two major advantages in comparison to other optimization techniques. Firstly, the IFTSP method can incorporate pre-defined water policies directly into its optimization process and, secondly, it can readily integrate inherent system uncertainties expressed not only as possibility and probability distributions but also as discrete intervals directly into its solution procedure. The IFTSP process is applied to an earlier case study of regional water resources management and it is demonstrated how the method efficiently produces stable solutions together with different risk levels of violating pre-established allocation criteria. In addition, a variety of decision alternatives are generated under different combinations of water shortage.     

基于二层规划的流域水资源交易决策模型

对于一个流域而言,解决水资源短缺及污染最为有效的经济手段是建立以流域统一管理为基础,兼顾水权交易和排污权交易的市场体系.在水交易市场运作过程中存在着流域管理机构和具体用户之间的利益矛盾,为此本文构建了以流域管理机构作为流域水资源系统整体计划、控制和协调中心的上层决策者,各用户作为具有相对自主权的下层决策者的决策管理机制,并利用二层规划方法对流域水资源的交易进行建模研究,期望实现流域水资源的最优分配.最后,应用算例验证了模型及求解方法的可行性和有效性.     

OPTIMIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN EASTERN ENGLAND UNDER DIFFERENT WATER PRICING AND REGULATION STRATEGIES

Irrigation water shortage is becoming an increasingly serious problem in agricultural production. Growing pressure on water resources is leading to increasing restrictions on abstraction for irrigation and consideration of the use of economic instruments, such as increased abstraction charges and/or tradable licences, to restrict demand and encourage wiser use of water. We evaluate irrigation using selected economic, social, and environmental indicators of performance, including the value of water used for irrigation. A linear programming model is developed and used to simulate possible responses by irrigators and the impact on irrigation performance of intervention measures, namely abstraction quota restrictions and volumetric pricing that might be used to ration water and/or increase water use efficiency. Through the use of parametric programming a scenario analysis is performed to a case study in eastern England with regard to perturbations of irrigation water under alternative policy instruments.     

Cost/risk balanced management of scarce resources using stochastic programming

We consider the situation when a scarce renewable resource should be periodically distributed between different users by a Resource Management Authority (RMA). The replenishment of this resource as well as users demand is subject to considerable uncertainty. We develop cost optimization and risk management models that can assist the RMA in its decision about striking the balance between the level of target delivery to the users and the level of risk that this delivery will not be met. These models are based on utilization and further development of the general methodology of stochastic programming for scenario optimization, taking into account appropriate risk management approaches. By a scenario optimization model we obtain a target barycentric value with respect to selected decision variables. A successive reoptimization of deterministic model for the worst case scenarios allows the reduction of the risk of negative consequences derived from unmet resources demand. Our reference case study is the distribution of scarce water resources. We show results of some numerical experiments in real physical systems.