QCD axion from a higher dimensional gauge field theory

We point out that a QCD axion solving the strong CP problem can arise naturally from a parity-odd gauge field in five-dimensional (5D) orbifold field theory. The required axion coupling to the QCD anomaly comes from the 5D Chern-Simons coupling, and all other unwanted U(1)PQ breaking axion couplings can be avoided naturally by the 5D gauge symmetry and locality. If the fifth dimension is warped, the resulting axion scale is suppressed by a small warp factor compared to the Planck scale, thereby the model can generate naturally an intermediate axion scale fa = 10(10)-10(12) GeV.     

1:10缩尺人工头研制及其在建筑声学缩尺模型测量中的应用

采用三维激光扫描技术对01dB MK2B人工头进行扫描,建立了包含耳道的人工头数字模型,再利用3D打印技术按照1:10的缩尺比打印出缩尺人工头,并将1/8 in传声器嵌入缩尺人工头内。在消声室内分别测量了足尺和缩尺人工头的双耳脉冲响应,并计算了双耳时间差ITD、双耳声压级差ILD以及双耳互相关系数IACC,对比分析结果显示两者吻合很好。将研制的人工头应用于天津文化中心音乐厅1:10声学缩尺模型IACC参数测量,模型测量结果与现场测量结果一致。该方法制作的缩尺人工头可用于声学缩尺模型实验中厅堂空间感参数的测量并有望应用于可听化技术。      

考虑硅通孔的三维集成电路最高层温度模型

针对三维集成电路最高层芯片,引入硅通孔面积比例因子r,提出了考虑硅通孔的温度解析模型.Matlab分析表明,在芯片堆叠层数及芯片工作状态相同的情况下,考虑硅通孔之后的芯片温度比未考虑硅通孔时要低;r越大,芯片温度越低;当芯片堆叠层数较多且r较小时,温度随着r的减小急剧上升;对于8层的三维集成电路,硅通孔面积比例因子的最佳范围为0.5%~1%.     

Two-dimensional relativistic electromagnetic dromion-like soliton in a cold transparent plasma

By using a standard multiple scale method, a Davey--Stewartson (DS) equation has been derived and also applied to a multi-dimensional analytical investigation on the interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a cold unmagnetized transparent electron-ion plasma. The regions of instability are found by considering the modulation instability of a plane wave solution of the DS equation. The DS equation is just of the Davey--Stewartson 1 (DS1) type and admits a dromion solution, i.e. a two-dimensional (2D) dromion soliton decaying exponentially in all spatial directions. A 2D relativistic electromagnetic dromion-like soliton (2D REDLS) is derived for a vector potential.     

Distortion Invariant Binary Image Recognition Based on Central Projection Correlation

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Interlocked optimization and fast gradient algorithm for a seismic inverse problem

We give a nonlinear inverse method for seismic data recorded in a well from sources at several offsets from the borehole in a 2D acoustic framework. Given the velocity field, approximate values of the impedance are recovered. This is a 2D extension of the 1D inversion of vertical seismic profiles [18]. The inverse problem generates a large scale undetermined ill-conditioned problem. Appropriate regularization terms render the problem well-determined. An interlocked optimization algorithm yields an efficient preconditioning. A gradient algorithm based on the adjoint state method and domain decomposition gives a fast parallel numerical method. For a realistic test case, convergence is attained in an acceptable time with 128 processors.     

Fluctuations of the inverse participation ratio at the anderson transition

Statistics of the inverse participation ratio (IPR) at the critical point of the localization transition is studied numerically for the power-law random banded matrix model. It is shown that the IPR distribution function is scale invariant, with a power-law asymptotic "tail." This scale invariance implies that the fractal dimensions D(q) are nonfluctuating quantities, contrary to a recent claim in the literature. A recently proposed relation between D2 and the spectral compressibility chi is violated in the regime of strong multifractality, with chi-->1 in the limit D2-->0.     

State preparation and dynamics of ultracold atoms in higher lattice orbitals

We report on the realization of a multiorbital system with ultracold atoms in the excited bands of a 3D optical lattice by selectively controlling the band population along a given lattice direction. The lifetime of the atoms in the excited band is found to be considerably longer (10-100 times) than the characteristic time scale for intersite tunneling, thus opening the path for orbital selective many-body physics with ultracold atoms. Upon exciting the atoms from an initial lowest band Mott-insulating state to higher lying bands, we observe the dynamical emergence of coherence in 1D (and 2D), compatible with Bose-Einstein condensation to a nonzero momentum state.     

4D gravity on a BPS brane in 5D AdS-Minkowski space

We calculate small correction terms to gravitational potential near an asymmetric BPS brane embedded in a 5D AdS-Minkowski space in the context of supergravity. The normalizable wave functions of gravity fluctuations around the brane describe only massive modes. We compute such wave functions analytically in the thin wall limit. We estimate the correction to gravitational potential for small and long distances, and show that there is an intermediate range of distances in which we can identify 4D gravity on the brane below a crossover scale. The 4D gravity is metastable and for distances much larger than the crossover scale the 5D gravity is recovered.     

Characterizing diffusive surfaces using scattering and diffusion coefficients

This paper presents the effects of height and coverage density of diffusive surfaces through the measurements of scattering and diffusion coefficients using scale models. Measurements were conducted using a 1:10 scale model. Scattering coefficients of 1D, 2D, and 3D diffuser profiles as well as diffusion coefficients of the 3D diffuser profile (hemisphere) were measured. It was found that the structural height of the diffuser is closely related to the frequency characteristics of the scattering coefficients, while the coverage density of the diffuser is closely related to the values of the scattering coefficients. Diffusion coefficients were less sensitive to structural height and coverage density than were the scattering coefficients. Using the measurement results, scattering and diffusion coefficients were estimated. In addition, the relationship between scattering and absorption coefficients was discussed.     

Precise measurement of the top-quark mass from lepton + jets events

We measure the mass of the top quark using top-quark pair candidate events in the lepton+jets channel from data corresponding to 1 fb;{-1} of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We use a likelihood technique that reduces the jet energy scale uncertainty by combining an in situ jet energy calibration with the independent constraint on the jet energy scale (JES) from the calibration derived using photon+jets and dijet samples. We find the mass of the top quark to be 171.5+/-1.8(stat.+JES)+/-1.1(syst.) GeV.     

二维正交光楔列阵大焦斑均匀照明光学测试系统的研究

为了检测列阵式靶面均匀照明光学系统聚焦特性，成功地开发了测定微米量级光强度起伏干涉斑纹投影放大的新技术。报道了测定聚焦不斑一维，二维大尺度不均匀性小尺度干涉斑纹的实验方法，结果及误差分析。     

Scale-invariant scalar metric fluctuations during inflation: non-perturbative formalism from a 5D vacuum

We extend to 5D an approach of a 4D non-perturbative formalism to study scalar metric fluctuations of a 5D Riemann-flat de Sitter background metric. In contrast with the results obtained in 4D, the spectrum of cosmological scalar metric fluctuations during inflation can be scale invariant and the background inflaton field can take sub-Planckian values.     

High-throughput identification of one-dimensional atomic wires and first principles calculations of their electronic states

Low dimensional materials are suitable candidates applying in next-generation high-performance electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices because of their uniquely physical and chemical properties. In particular, onedimensional(1 D) atomic wires(AWs) exfoliating from 1 D van der Waals(vd W) bulks are more promising in next generation nanometer(nm) even sub-nm device applications owing to their width of few-atoms scale and free dandling bonds states. Although several 1 D AWs have been experimentally prepared, few 1 D AW candidates could be practically applied in devices owing to lack of enough suitable 1 D AWs. Herein, 367 kinds of 1 D AWs have been screened and the corresponding computational database including structures, electronic structures, magnetic states, and stabilities of these 1 D AWs has been organized and established. Among these systems, unary and binary 1 D AWs with relatively small exfoliation energy are thermodynamically stable and theoretically feasible to be exfoliated. More significantly, rich quantum states emerge,such as 1 D semiconductors, 1 D metals, 1 D semimetals, and 1 D magnetism. This database will offer an ideal platform to further explore exotic quantum states and exploit practical device applications using 1 D materials. The database are openly available at http://www.dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00113.00004.     

Universal aspects of coulomb-frustrated phase separation

We study the consequences of Coulomb interactions on a system undergoing a putative first order phase transition. In two dimensions (2D), near the critical density, the system is universally unstable to the formation of new intermediate phases, which we call "electronic microemulsion phases," which consist of an intermediate scale mixture of regions of the two competing phases. A corollary is that there can be no direct transition as a function of density from a 2D Wigner crystal to a uniform electron liquid. In 3D, if the strength of the Coulomb interactions exceeds a critical value, no phase separation occurs, while for the weaker Coulomb strength electronic microemulsions are inevitable. This tendency is considerably more pronounced in anisotropic (quasi-2D or quasi-1D) systems, where a devil's staircase of transitions is possible.     

Dielectric permittivity superlattice formation

A dielectric medium consisting of roughly polarized molecules has been treated as a 3D disordered spin system (spin glass). Having in view the study of the statistical properties of this system on a micrometer scale and nanosecond time scale of a standing electromagnetic wave, a microscopic approach has been developed. Using the Birkhoff ergodic hypothesis, the initial 3D spin problem is reduced to two conditionally separate 1D problems along the external electromagnetic field propagation. The first problem describes a disordered N-particle quantum system with relaxation in the framework of a Langevin-Schrödinger (L-Sch)-type equation, while the second one describes a steric disordered spin-chain system. The statistical properties of both systems were investigated in detail. Based on these constructions, the coefficient of polarizability related to the collective orientational effects was calculated. The Clausius-Mossotti relation for the dielectric constant was generalized. Taking into account the generalized Clausius-Mossotti relation, a generalized equation for the dielectric permittivity function has been found. A simple formula was derived for the dielectric permittivity function in the X-ray frequency range, which can be larger than unity on the micrometer scale and nanosecond time scale.     

On axionic dark matter in Type IIA string theory

We investigate viable scenarios with various axions in the context of supersymmetric field theory and in globally consistent D‐brane models. The Peccei‐Quinn symmetry is associated with an anomalous U(1) symmetry, which acquires mass at the string scale but remains as a perturbative global symmetry at low energies. The origin of the scalar Higgs‐axion potential from F‐, D‐ and soft breaking terms is derived, and two Standard Model examples of global intersecting D6‐brane models in Type II orientifolds are presented, which differ in the realisation of the Higgs sector and in the hidden sector, the latter of which is of particluar importance for the soft supersymmetry breaking terms.     

Standard model on D-branes

I briefly outline previous work on getting the (supersymmetric) standard model from string theory, and then describe two ecent attempts using D-branes. The first uses D3-and D7-branes and gives a supersymmetric standard model with extra vector-like matter and an intermediate unification scale. The second uses intersecting D4-branes and yields a non-supersymmetric spectrum with TeV-scale unification.     

Infinitely large new dimensions

We construct intersecting brane configurations in anit-de Sitter (AdS) space which localize gravity to the intersection region, generalizing the trapping of gravity to any number n of infinite extra dimensions. Since the 4D Planck scale M(Pl) is determined by the fundamental Planck scale M(*) and the AdS radius L via the familiar relation M(2)(Pl) approximately M(2+n)(*)L(n), we get two kinds of theories with TeV scale quantum gravity and submillimeter deviations from Newton's law. With M(*) approximately TeV and L approximately submillimeter, we recover the phenomenology of theories with large extra dimensions. Alternatively, if M(*) approximately L-1 approximately M(Pl), and our 3-brane is at a distance of approximately 100M(-1)(Pl) from the intersection, we obtain a theory with an exponential determination of the weak/Planck hierarchy.     

Dark Energy Phenomenon from Backreaction Effect

In this paper, we interpret the dark energy phenomenon as an averaged effect caused by small scale inhomogeneities of the universe with the use of the spatial averaged approach of Buchert. Two models are considered here, one of which assumes that the backreaction term ${\cal Q}_\mathcal{D}$ and the averaged spatial Ricci scalar $\langle\mathcal{R}\rangle_\mathcal{D}$ obey the scaling laws of the volume scale factor $a_\mathcal{D}$ at adequately late times, and the other one adopts the ansatz that the backreaction term ${\cal Q}_\mathcal{D}$ is a constant in the recent universe. Thanks to the effective geometry introduced by Larena et al. in their previous work, we confront these two backreaction models with latest type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter observations, coming out with the results that the constant backreaction model is slightly favoured over the other model and the best fitting backreaction term in the scaling backreaction model behaves almost like a constant. Also, the numerical results show that the constant backreaction model predicts a smaller expansion rate and decelerated expansion rate than the other model does at redshifts higher than about 1, and both backreaction terms begin to accelerate the universe at a redshift around 0.5.